Foreign relations of Thailand

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Politics of Thailand
Constitution
Monarchy

Vajiralongkorn (Rama X)

Dipangkorn Rasmijoti

Executive

Paetongtarn Shinawatra (PTP)

Phumtham Wechayachai (PTP) Suriya Juangroongruangkit (PTP)
Anutin Charnvirakul (BTP)
Pirapan Salirathavibhaga (UTN)
Pichai Chunhavajira (PTP)
Prasert Jantararuangtong (PTP)

64th Council of Ministers
Cabinet
Ministries
Independent agencies
Legislature

Wan Muhamad Noor Matha (PCC)

Mongkol Surasajja

Wan Muhamad Noor Matha (PCC)

  • Deputy Speakers

Pichet Chuamuangphan (PTP)
Paradorn Prissanananthakul (BTP)

Natthaphong Ruengpanyawut (PP)

Mongkol Surasajja

  • Vice Presidents

Kriangkrai Srirak
Bunsong Noisophon

Judiciary

President: Chanakarn Theeravechpolkul

President: Prasitsak Meelarp

President: Nakarin Mektrairat

Elections & referendums
Recent elections & referendums
  • General Elections
  • Senate Elections
  • Referendums
  • Local elections
  • Bangkok
  • Pattaya
  • Provincial
  • Subdistrict
  • Municipalities
  • Village
Administrative divisions
Ministry of Interior
  • Provincial
  • Local
  • Special
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Diplomatic missions of / in Thailand

Passport Visa requirements Visa policy

Borders : Cambodia Laos Malaysia Myanmar (Maritime : India Indonesia Vietnam)

Foreign aid

Political unrest
After reunited in 1767
  • Political crisis
  • Military coups
  • Conflicts
  • Foreign relations crisis
Related topics
flag Thailand portal

The foreign relations of Thailand are handled by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Thailand.

Thailand participates fully in international and regional organizations. It has developed close ties with other ASEAN members—Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Brunei, Laos,and Vietnam—whose foreign and economic ministers hold annual meetings. Regional cooperation is progressing in economic, trade, banking, political, and cultural matters. In 2003, Thailand served as APEC host. Dr. Supachai Panitchpakdi, the former Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand, served as Secretary-General of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) from 2005 until 31 August 2013. In 2005 Thailand attended the inaugural East Asia Summit.

Since the military coup of May 2014, Thailand's global reputation has plunged, according to Professor Thitinan Pongsudhirak of Chulalongkorn University. He maintains that, "When the fourth anniversary of Thailand's coup comes to pass later this month [May 2018], Thailand's foreign relations will be one of the many costs to be counted from the military government....Instead of moving ahead in its relations with the outside world, Thailand has regressed to a standstill.[1]

Disputes

Parts of the border with Laos are undefined. A maritime boundary dispute with Vietnam was resolved, August 1997. Parts of maritime border with Cambodia are disputed.[2] Sporadic conflict with Myanmar over alignment of border.[3]

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Thailand maintains diplomatic relations with:[4][5][6]

# Country Date
1  United Kingdom 18 April 1855
2  France 15 August 1856
3  Denmark 21 May 1858
4  Portugal 10 February 1859
5  Netherlands 17 December 1860
6  Germany 7 February 1862[5]
7  Sweden 18 May 1868
8  Italy 3 October 1868
9  Austria 17 May 1869[7]
10  Spain 23 February 1870
11  United States 23 October 1882[8]
12  Belgium 21 July 1883
13  Japan 26 September 1887
14  Russia 3 July 1897[6]
15  Norway 30 November 1905
16   Switzerland 28 May 1931
17  India 1 August 1947
18  Myanmar 24 August 1948
19  Philippines 14 June 1949
20  Indonesia 7 March 1950
21  Cambodia 19 December 1950
22  Laos 19 December 1950
23  Pakistan 10 October 1951
24  Australia 19 December 1952
25  Afghanistan 23 April 1953
26  Finland 17 June 1954
27  Israel 23 June 1954[9]
28  Egypt 27 September 1954
29  Serbia 12 November 1954[10]
30  Argentina 2 February 1955
31  Iran 9 November 1955[11]
32  Sri Lanka 20 November 1955
33  Syria 10 January 1956
34  New Zealand 26 March 1956
35  Iraq 24 May 1956
36  Guatemala 7 March 1957
37  Malaysia 31 August 1957
38  Saudi Arabia 1 October 1957
39  Lebanon 3 February 1958
40  Turkey 12 May 1958
41  Cuba 15 May 1958
42  Greece 26 May 1958
43  South Korea 1 October 1958
44  Brazil 17 April 1959
45  Luxembourg 16 June 1959
46    Nepal 30 November 1959
47  Canada 8 November 1961
48  Chile 29 October 1962
49  Nigeria 1 November 1962
50  Paraguay 17 December 1962
51  Bolivia 1 February 1963
52  Kuwait 14 June 1963
53  Ethiopia 10 April 1964
54  Cameroon 20 July 1965
55  Singapore 20 September 1965
56  Peru 10 November 1965
57  Ivory Coast 30 June 1966
58  Jordan 10 November 1966
59  Liberia 2 February 1967
60  Tunisia 2 February 1967
61  Kenya 25 July 1967
62  Dominican Republic 18 September 1967
63  Democratic Republic of the Congo 14 February 1969
—  Holy See 26 April 1969
64  Bangladesh 5 October 1972
65  Poland 14 November 1972
66  Fiji 15 December 1972
67  Romania 1 June 1973
68  Hungary 24 October 1973
69  Costa Rica 14 December 1973
70  Mongolia 5 March 1974
71  Czech Republic 15 June 1974[6]
72  Bulgaria 10 August 1974
73  Ireland 27 January 1975
74  North Korea 8 May 1975
75  Iceland 18 June 1975
76  China 1 July 1975
77  Mexico 28 August 1975
78  Nicaragua 24 November 1975
79  Algeria 6 December 1975
80  United Arab Emirates 12 December 1975
81  Gabon 1 April 1976
82  Papua New Guinea 19 May 1976
83  Uruguay 15 June 1976
84  Vietnam 6 August 1976
85  Mauritania 24 August 1976
86  Bahrain 17 January 1977
87  Libya 16 March 1977
88  Samoa 15 May 1978
89  Mauritius 22 January 1979
90  Colombia 20 April 1979
91  Grenada 16 May 1979
92  Maldives 21 June 1979
93  Ecuador 15 January 1980
94  Cyprus 5 May 1980
95  Oman 30 July 1980
96  Qatar 7 August 1980
97  Senegal 9 August 1980
98  Benin 5 October 1980
99  Tanzania 30 December 1980
100  Mali 15 September 1981
101  Sudan 15 June 1982
102  Niger 30 July 1982
103  Panama 20 August 1982
104  Venezuela 27 August 1982
105  Vanuatu 21 September 1982
106  Albania 30 September 1982
107  Sierra Leone 12 February 1983
108  Yemen 5 April 1983[12]
109  Guinea 15 April 1983
110  Guinea-Bissau 6 December 1983
111  Brunei 1 January 1984
—  Sovereign Military Order of Malta 4 September 1984[13]
112  Jamaica 10 September 1984
113  Somalia 1 November 1984
114  Malta 17 December 1984
115  Gambia 15 February 1985
116  Uganda 15 February 1985
117  Zimbabwe 4 April 1985
118  Burkina Faso 12 July 1985
119  Morocco 4 October 1985[14]
120  Ghana 25 October 1985
121  Botswana 29 November 1985
122  Honduras 16 December 1985
123  Trinidad and Tobago 22 January 1986
124  Djibouti 1 April 1986
125  Solomon Islands 2 May 1986
126  Togo 7 May 1986
127  Comoros 15 July 1986
128  Haiti 30 October 1986
129  Cape Verde 2 December 1986
130  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 9 December 1986
131  Saint Kitts and Nevis 16 January 1987
132  Suriname 24 February 1987
133  São Tomé and Príncipe 7 May 1987
134  Malawi 1 June 1987
135  El Salvador 24 September 1987
136  Central African Republic 30 October 1987
137  Rwanda 30 October 1987
138  Zambia 9 November 1987
139  Guyana 17 December 1987
140  Seychelles 19 July 1988
141  Burundi 20 July 1988
142  Republic of the Congo 25 August 1988
143  Barbados 22 November 1988
144  Saint Lucia 4 April 1989
145  Lesotho 17 April 1989
146  Mozambique 19 April 1989
147  Bhutan 14 November 1989
148  Chad 28 September 1990
149  Namibia 6 November 1990
150  Madagascar 30 November 1990
151  Eswatini 17 January 1991
152  Equatorial Guinea 15 February 1991
153  Latvia 19 March 1992
154  Federated States of Micronesia 20 March 1992
155  Estonia 27 April 1992
156  Ukraine 6 May 1992
157  Uzbekistan 6 May 1992
158  Kazakhstan 6 July 1992
159  Turkmenistan 6 July 1992
160  Armenia 7 July 1992
161  Azerbaijan 7 July 1992
162  Belarus 21 July 1992[15]
163  Georgia 21 July 1992
164  Moldova 5 August 1992
165  Tajikistan 5 August 1992
166  Kyrgyzstan 6 August 1992
167  Angola 24 August 1992
168  Croatia 9 September 1992
169  Slovenia 9 September 1992[16]
170  Slovakia 1 January 1993[17]
171  Lithuania 9 April 1993
172  Marshall Islands 29 October 1993
173  Eritrea 7 December 1993
174  South Africa 9 December 1993
175  Tonga 27 January 1994
176  Palau 13 May 1997
177  Liechtenstein 14 August 1997
178  Belize 11 June 1999
179  Bosnia and Herzegovina 14 February 2000
180  Andorra 28 April 2000
181  East Timor 20 May 2002
182  San Marino 25 March 2003[18]
183  Nauru 14 January 2005
184  North Macedonia 25 February 2005
—  Cook Islands 24 May 2005
185  Kiribati 29 June 2005
186  Tuvalu 29 August 2005
187  Dominica 25 November 2005
188  Monaco 26 June 2006
189  Antigua and Barbuda 7 July 2006
190  Montenegro 6 June 2007[19]
—  State of Palestine 1 August 2012[20]
—  Niue 27 August 2013
—  Kosovo 22 November 2013[21]
191  South Sudan 5 December 2013
192  Bahamas 21 September 2016

Asia

ASEAN

Country Formal relations began Notes
 Brunei 1 January 1984 See Brunei–Thailand relations
 Cambodia 19 December 1950 See Cambodia–Thailand relations
  • Parts of Cambodia's border with Thailand are indefinite, and the maritime boundary with Thailand is not clearly defined. On 5 November 2009 Thailand recalled its ambassador from Cambodia in protest of the Cambodian government's appointment of Thai ex-leader Thaksin Shinawatra as an economic adviser.[24] Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva stated that this was "the first diplomatic retaliation measure" against the appointment.[24] He also said that Cambodia was interfering in Thai internal affairs and as a result bi-lateral co-operation agreements would be reviewed.[24] The Cambodian government has stated that it would refuse any extradition request from Thailand for Thaksin as it considered him to be a victim of political persecution.[24]
  • In the months leading up to the Cambodian decision, troops from both nations had clashed over territory claimed by both countries immediately adjacent to Cambodia's Preah Vihear temple, leading to a deterioration in relations.[24] At 20:30 on 5 November Cambodia announced that it was withdrawing its ambassador from Thailand as a retaliatory measure.[25][26] Sok An, a member of the Council of Ministers and Deputy Prime Minister of Cambodia, said that the appointment of Thaksin is a decision internal to Cambodia and that it "conforms to international practice".[26] The mutual withdrawal of ambassadors is the most severe diplomatic action to have occurred between the two countries.[26]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Phnom Penh, while Cambodia has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Indonesia 7 March 1950[27] See Indonesia–Thailand relations
  • Indonesia and Thailand are viewed as natural allies.[28]
  • Indonesia is Thailand's third most important trade partner within ASEAN, with bilateral trade worth $8.7 billion in 2007.[29] Trade between the two countries is set to grow over the years.
  • Following the military takeover of the government in Thailand in May 2014, Indonesia supports the restoration of democracy in Thailand. Indonesia urged the military and civilian elements in Thailand to work together to quickly restore the political situation in Thailand.[30]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Jakarta and honorary consulates in Denpasar, Medan and Surabaya.[31]
  • Indonesia has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate in Songkhla.
  • Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group, Indian-Ocean Rim Association and G20 developing nations.
 Laos 19 December 1950 See Laos–Thailand relations
  • In some respects, Thailand can be seen as a greater threat to Laos's independence than Vietnam because of its closer cultural affinity, its easier access, and its control over the railroad and highway routes to the sea. The Mekong River, which both sides have an interest in making a "river of true peace and friendship" — as their respective prime ministers called for in 1976 – also provides a north–south artery during the rainy season.[32]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Vientiane and a consulate-general in Savannakhet.
  • Laos has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Khon Kaen.
 Malaysia 31 August 1957 See Malaysia–Thailand relations
 Myanmar 24 August 1948 See Myanmar–Thailand relations

Myanmar has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai. Thailand has an embassy in Yangon.[33][34]

 Philippines 14 June 1949 See Philippines–Thailand relations
  • Thailand is one of the Philippines' major trading partners and one of the Philippines' rice suppliers. Relations continue to be strengthened through talks and agreements on economic, security, and cultural matters including concerns on rice trading, and combatting drugs and human trafficking.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Manila and an honorary consulate in Cebu.[35]
  • The Philippines has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Both countries are the only Major non-NATO Allies in Southeast Asia.[36][37]
  • Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Non-Aligned Movement, Cairns Group and G20 developing nations together with Indonesia.
  • A Treaty of Friendship was signed by both countries on June 14 1949.[38]
 Singapore 20 September 1965 See Singapore–Thailand relations
 Vietnam 6 August 1976 See Thailand–Vietnam relations
  • Diplomatic relations between the two countries have existed since 1976, and are very friendly both economically and politically nowadays.[40] Yet, relations between the two countries had always been marred by discord, which resulted from bitter rivalry to gain control of the area of what is today Laos and Cambodia.
  • In the 19th century, Thailand (then known as Siam) had fought a series of wars with the Nguyễn dynasty which then ruled over Vietnam over control of Cambodia. This rivalry will only temporarily subside when French colonists stepped in and gradually building an establishment in Southeast Asia, known as French Indochina.
  • During the Vietnam War, Thailand was aligned with South Vietnam and the United States and the U Tapao Air Base was used as a base for USAF aircraft. During the Fall of Saigon in 1975, fleeing South Vietnamese pilots arrived at U Tapao before fleeing to other countries.
  • In 1979, when the Khmer Rouge government in neighbouring Cambodia was toppled, this had raised concerns in Thailand and the Thai government quickly allied itself with the Khmer Rouge, later the CGDK, in fear of Vietnamese expansionism. In fact, Thailand was foremost among the ASEAN, of which it is part of, in opposing the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia.
  • Cambodian refugees soon stayed at border camps straddling the Thai-Cambodian border, and these camps are often controlled by the Khmer Rouge or the CGDK. In the years that followed, Vietnam launched a series of raids on the camps and Vietnamese troops often penetrated into Thai territory and shelled Thai border villages and towns.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Hanoi and a consulate-general in Ho Chi Minh City.
  • Vietnam has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Khon Kaen.
  • Both countries are also members of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and Non-Aligned Movement.

Rest of Asia

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Bahrain 17 January 1977 See Bahrain–Thailand relations
  • Historically, Bahrain and Thailand shared mutual common of historical civilizations developed in both countries.[41]
  • Since 1990s, Thailand and Bahrain signed a major framework on economic cooperation, thus effectively making them important economic partners.[42] Today, Thailand is a major investor in Bahrain.
  • In March 2019, Bahraini Prime Minister and Prince Khalifa bin Salman Al Khalifa, during his participation in the Thai Culture and Food Festival held in capital Manama, praised Thailand and expressed wish to promote the relations.[41]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Manama.
  • Bahrain has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Bangladesh 5 October 1972 See Bangladesh–Thailand relations
  • Relations are considered close and cordial and have made strides to improve trade and investment between the two countries. Diplomatic relations were established on 5 October 1972 and Thailand opened its embassy in 1974 followed by Bangladesh setting up their own in Bangkok in the following year. The first visit between the two countries was President Ziaur Rahman's visit to Thailand in 1979 followed by Prime Minister Prem Tinsulanonda in 1983. Other Heads of States like Ershad visited in 1985, 1988 and 1990 and Thaksin Shinawatra in July and December 2002 and January 2004. Thailand is a key country in Bangladesh's "Look East" policy and relations have begun to increase and diversify into different areas.
  • They seek not to intervene in each other's internal matters as shown by their response to the events occurring in their own respective countries in 2006 such as the 2006 Thai coup d'état and 2006–2008 Bangladeshi political crisis. Both have considerable cooperation in summits organised by BIMSTEC and the ASEAN regional forum. Upper class and upper middle class Bangladeshis often go to Thailand for medical treatment and operations that the country's medical infrastructure cannot provide.
 Bhutan 14 November 1989[43] See Bhutan–Thailand relations
  • Diplomatic relations between both countries have grown stronger over the years.
  • Bhutan and Thailand also promote cooperation in the field of education.[44]
  • Bhutan has an embassy in Bangkok.
 China 1 July 1975[45] See China–Thailand relations
  • Thailand established diplomatic relations with the PRC on 1 July 1975. It remains as a key regional ally of China, with growing cooperation between both countries.[46][47][48][49][50]
  • For an evaluation of Sino-Siamese relations, see Siamese Inter-State Relations in the Late Nineteenth Century: From An Asian Regional Perspective.[51]
 Hong Kong (Special Administrative Region of China) See Hong Kong–Thailand relations
  • Thailand has a consulate-general in Hong Kong.
  • Hong Kong has an Economic and Trade Office in Bangkok.
  • On 27 April 2017, Hong Kong Chief Executive CY Leung met Thai Deputy Prime Minister Somkid Jatusripitak at Government House, Hong Kong. They exchanged views on Hong Kong's free trade agreement negotiations with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.[52]
 India 1 August 1947 See India–Thailand relations
  • Diplomatic relations between India and Thailand were established in 1947, soon after India gained independence. Thailand maintains three diplomatic posts in India: in Mumbai, in New Delhi, and in Calcutta. India maintains an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai.
  • The end of the Cold War led to a significant enhancement in the substance and pace of bilateral interactions. Indian Look East policy from 1993 and Thailand's Look West policy since 1996 set the stage for a substantive consolidation of bilateral relations. The past few years since 2001 have witnessed growing warmth, increasing economic and commercial links, exchange of high-level visits on both sides, and the signing of a large number of Agreements leading to a further intensification of relations. Thailand and India are cooperating in various multilateral fora like India's dialogue partnership with ASEAN, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), and the East Asia Summit, the sub-regional grouping BIMSTEC involving Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan, and trilateral transport linkages with Thailand, Myanmar and India. India is a member of the Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD) initiated by Thailand in 2002 and of the Mekong–Ganga Cooperation (MGC), a group of six countries.
 Iran 9 November 1955 See Iran–Thailand relations
  • Relations between the two countries began when visits of Persian diplomatic delegations to Siam are attested as early as 1685.[53] Indo-Persians made up the largest group of Muslims from the 16th to 18th centuries. Influential Persian families like the Bunnag dominated Thai courts for some time.[citation needed]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Tehran.
  • Iran has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Israel 23 June 1954[54] See Israel–Thailand relations

Israel and Thailand have had official relations since June 1954. The Israeli embassy in Bangkok was established in 1958.[55] Since 1996, Thailand has had an embassy in Tel Aviv.[56] After the floods in 2011, Israel sent water management experts to Thailand. Princess Chulabhorn Mahidol is involved in advancing scientific cooperation between the two countries. The Thai ambassador to Israel is Jukr Boon-Long.[57]

 Japan 26 September 1887 See Japan–Thailand relations
Abhisit with Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama, 8 November 2009, Tokyo
  • Japan has become a key trading partner and foreign investor for Thailand. Japan is Thailand's largest supplier, followed by the United States. Since 2005, the rapid ramp-up in export of automobiles of Japanese makes (esp. Toyota, Nissan, Isuzu) has helped to dramatically improve the trade balance, with over 1 million cars produced last year. As such, Thailand has joined the ranks of the world's top ten automobile exporting nations. In 2007, a Japan–Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement was signed, aiming at free trade between the two countries after a transition period of 10 years.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Tokyo and consulates-general in Osaka and Fukuoka.
  • Japan has an embassy in Bangkok and a consulate-general in Chiang Mai.
 Jordan 10 November 1966
 Kazakhstan 6 July 1992 See Kazakhstan–Thailand relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 July 1992.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Astana.
  • Kazakhstan has an embassy in Bangkok.
 North Korea 8 May 1975
 South Korea 1 October 1958 See South Korea–Thailand relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 October 1958. The year 2008 is the 50th year of bilateral relations with two nations. During the Korean War, Thailand was the second nation sending troops for supporting South Korea just after the United States. In October 2003, South Korea president Roh Moo-hyun visited Thailand while Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra went to Seoul in November 2005.[59] South Korean is the 10th largest trade partner, which is about to reach the scale of 10 billion dollars.[60]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Seoul
  • South Korea has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Kuwait 14 June 1963
  • Thailand has an embassy in Kuwait City.
  • Kuwait has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Mongolia 5 March 1974 See Mongolia–Thailand relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 5 March 1974.
  • Royal Thai Embassy in Beijing is accredited to Mongolia.
  • Mongolia has an embassy in Bangkok.
   Nepal 30 November 1959
  • Thailand has an embassy in Kathmandu.
  • Nepal has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Both countries are members of BIMSTEC.
 Oman 30 July 1980 See Oman–Thailand relations
  • Oman and Thailand would soon establish relations with the ascend of Qaboos bin Said al Said as Sultan of Oman in 1980.
  • Thailand is one of the most popular tourist destinations for Omanis outside the Gulf states, especially medical tourism.[61]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Muscat.[62]
  • Oman has an embassy in Bangkok.[63]
 Pakistan 10 October 1951 See Pakistan–Thailand relations
 Palestine 1 August 2012 See Palestine–Thailand relations
  • Thailand officially recognized the State of Palestine as an independent state on 18 January 2012.[65]
  • Palestine has a non-resident embassy in Kuala Lumpur.
  • In 2016, Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas visited Thailand and met with then Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha.[66]
 Qatar 7 August 1980 See Qatar–Thailand relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1980. Their cooperation mainly revolves around tourism and energy.[67]
  • According to the Thailand Labour Ministry, in 2017 there were 1,188 Thai citizens working in Qatar, and were mainly concentrated in the massage services industry and the construction industry.[68]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Doha.
  • Qatar has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Saudi Arabia 1 October 1957 See Saudi Arabia–Thailand relations
  • Relations Saudi Arabia and Thailand were established in 1957 and hundreds of thousands of Thais went to Saudi Arabia to work.[69] However, relations have been severely strained for the past 20 years due to fallout from the Blue Diamond Affair. Diplomatic missions were downgraded to chargé d'affaires level and the number of Thai workers in Saudi Arabia plummeted.[69] Saudi Arabia does not issue working visas for Thais and discourages its citizens from visiting the country.
  • On January 26, 2022, both countries announced they restored full diplomatic relations and would appoint ambassadors.[70]
  • Thailand has an embassy in Riyadh and a consulate-general in Jeddah.
  • Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Sri Lanka 20 November 1955 See Sri Lanka–Thailand relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations in 28 November 1955.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Colombo that is also accredited to the Maldives.
  • Sri Lanka has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Both countries are members of BIMSTEC.
 Taiwan No formal diplomatic relations See Taiwan–Thailand relations
 Turkey 12 May 1958 See Thailand–Turkey relations
  • Thailand has an embassy in Ankara.[71]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Bangkok.[71]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was 1.342 billion USD in 2018 (Thai exports/imports: 1.09/0.256 billion USD).[72]
  • Negotiations on a bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) began in 2017.[71]
  • There are direct flights from Istanbul to Bangkok and Phuket.[71]
 United Arab Emirates 12 December 1975[73] See Thailand–United Arab Emirates relations
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 December 1975.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and a consulate-general in Dubai.
  • The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Uzbekistan 6 May 1992
  • Royal Thai Embassy in Moscow is accredited to Uzbekistan.
  • Uzbekistan has a non-resident embassy in Kuala Lumpur and an honorary consulate in Bangkok.

Americas

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Belize 11 June 1999

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1999.[74]

 Brazil 17 April 1959
Further information: Brazil–Thailand relations
 Canada 8 November 1961
Further information: Canada-Thailand relations
 Colombia 20 April 1979
  • Colombia has its embassy in Bangkok.[79]
  • Thailand is represented through its embassy in Lima, Peru
 Mexico 28 August 1975
Main article: Mexico–Thailand relations
 Peru 10 November 1965
Main article: Peru–Thailand relations

In 2009, Thailand and Peru signed a free trade agreement calling for elimination of tariffs on 70% of 5,000 items listed in the agreement. Thailand imports tin and fish from Peru. Peru imports auto parts, electrical appliances, and clothes from Thailand.[82]

 United States 20 March 1833
Main article: Thailand–United States relations
Pimpen Vejjajiva, Michelle Obama, Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva and U.S. President Barack Obama on 23 September 2009, in New York

Thailand has had relations with the United States since 1833. In 2003, the United States designated Thailand as a major non-NATO ally, which grants Thailand many financial and military benefits derived from the United States.

Europe

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Armenia 7 July 1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1992 by protocol.[87]
  • Armenia has an honorary consulate in Bangkok.[88]
  • Thailand is represented in Armenia through its embassy in Moscow, Russia and through hononary consulate in Yerevan.[89]
 Austria
  • Austria has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Vienna.
 Azerbaijan 7 July 1992
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 July 1992.[90]
  • Azerbaijan is accredited to Thailand from its embassy in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Thailand uses its embassy in Ankara, Turkey, to be responsible for Thai-Azerbaijani relations.
  • Thailand has an honorary consulate in Baku.
 Bulgaria 10 August 1974
  • Since 1975, Bulgaria has an embassy in Bangkok.[91]
  • Thailand has an honorary consulate in Sofia.[92]
 Croatia 9 September 1992
 Cyprus 5 May 1980
 Denmark 21 May 1858 See Denmark–Thailand relations
  • Denmark is represented in Thailand through its embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Phuket.
  • Thailand is represented in Denmark through its embassy in Copenhagen.
 Estonia 22 October 1921 See Foreign relations of Estonia
  • Thailand (then Siam) first recognised Estonia on 22 October 1921.[98]
  • Both countries re-established diplomatic relations on 27 April 1992.
  • Estonia is represented in Thailand through its consulates in Bangkok and Phuket.[99]
  • Thailand is represented in Estonia through its embassy in Helsinki, Finland.
 Finland
Royal Thai Embassy in Helsinki flying the Asean flag as well as own national flag.
 France 15 August 1856 See France–Thailand relations
 Germany 7 February 1862 See Germany–Thailand relations
Flags of Thailand, Germany and Bavaria for the visit of prime minister Yingluck Shinawatra in Munich 2012
 Greece 26 May 1958
 Hungary 24 October 1973
 Kosovo 22 November 2013 See Kosovo–Thailand relations
  • Thailand recognised the Republic of Kosovo as independence state on 24 September 2013.[112][113]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 November 2013.
  • Kosovo has an embassy in Bangkok.
 Netherlands 1604
 Poland
  • Poland has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand has an embassy in Warsaw.
 Portugal 10 February 1859 See Portugal-Thailand relations
 Romania 1 June 1973
 Russia See Thailand-Russia relations
President Putin with former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra before the start of the APEC Summit in 2003

The Soviet Union and Thailand established diplomatic relations with each other on 12 March 1941; Thailand recognised Russian Federation as the successor to Soviet Union on 28 December 1991. Russia has an embassy in Bangkok and two honorary consulates in Phuket and Pattaya. Thailand has an embassy in Moscow and two honorary consulates in Saint Petersburg and Vladivostok.

 Spain 23 February 1870 See Spain-Thailand relations
 Sweden 18 May 1868
Flags of Sweden and Thailand
 Ukraine 6 May 1992
  • Thailand is represented in Ukraine through its consulate in Kyiv.[123]
  • Ukraine has an embassy in Bangkok and an honorary consulate in Pattaya.[124]
 United Kingdom 18 April 1855

After Burma lost the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–26) relations opened between the Rattanakosin Kingdom of Siam and the United Kingdom with a treaty of alliance in February 1826 and another treaty in June negotiated by East India Company emissary Henry Burney. This was followed by the Bowring Treaty of 1855 to liberalise trade. In 1893, Lord Lansdowne of the British Raj finalized the border between Burma and Siam; the Anglo-Siamese Treaty of 1909 then dissected the northern Malay states.

  • In 1917 the modern Siamese kingdom declared war on Germany during World War I, which secured it a seat at the Versailles Peace Conference. Foreign Minister Devawongse Varopakarn used this as an opportunity to argue for the repeal of the 19th century treaties and restoration of full Siamese sovereignty. While Britain and France delayed until 1925, the United States obliged in 1920. Following the outbreak of World War II, relations with Britain, France and the United States deteriorated rapidly – though former Queen Rambai Barni was nominal head of the Seri Thai resistance movement in Great Britain. Japan allowed Thailand to resume sovereignty over the sultanates of northern Malaya that had been lost in the 1909 treaty with Britain, and to invade and annex the Shan States in northern Burma. After the Japanese surrender, Allied military responsibility for Thailand fell to the British, who favoured treating the kingdom as a defeated enemy. Americans, however, supported Thailand's new government; during the Cold War relations with the United Kingdom took a back seat to those with the United States.

Oceania

Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Australia
Main article: Australia–Thailand relations
 New Zealand

Thai diplomatic missions

Royal Thai embassies and consulates

Consulate, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
Country Official name City Type Accredited to...
 Argentina Argentine Republic Buenos Aires Embassy  Paraguay
 Uruguay
 Australia Commonwealth of Australia Canberra Embassy  Nauru
 Papua New Guinea
 Solomon Islands
 Vanuatu
Sydney Consulate
 Austria Republic of Austria Vienna Embassy  Slovakia
 Slovenia
 Bahrain Kingdom of Bahrain Manama Embassy
 Bangladesh People's Republic of Bangladesh Dhaka Embassy  Bhutan
 Belgium Kingdom of Belgium Brussels Embassy  Luxembourg
 Brazil Federative Republic of Brazil Brasilia Embassy  Barbados
 Grenada
 Guyana
 Saint Lucia
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
 Suriname
 Trinidad and Tobago
 Brunei Nation of Brunei, the Abode of Peace/Brunei Darussalam Bandar Seri Begawan Embassy
 Cambodia Kingdom of Cambodia Phnom Penh Embassy
 Canada Canada Ottawa Embassy  Antigua and Barbuda
 Cuba
 Dominica
 Dominican Republic
 Jamaica
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
Vancouver Consulate
 Chile Republic of Chile Santiago Embassy  Costa Rica
 El Salvador
 Panama
 China People's Republic of China Beijing Embassy  Mongolia
 North Korea
Chengdu Consulate
Guangzhou Consulate
Hong Kong Consulate
Kunming Consulate
Nanning Consulate
Qingdao Consulate
Shanghai Consulate
Xi'an Consulate
Xiamen Consulate
 Czech Republic Czech Republic Prague Embassy
 Denmark Kingdom of Denmark Copenhagen Embassy  Iceland
 East Timor Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Dili Embassy
 Egypt Arab Republic of Egypt Cairo Embassy  Djibouti
 Eritrea
 Sudan
 Finland Republic of Finland Helsinki Embassy  Estonia
 Latvia
 Lithuania
 France French Republic Paris Embassy  Algeria
 Monaco
 Germany Federal Republic of Germany Berlin Embassy
Frankfurt Consulate
 Greece Hellenic Republic Athens Embassy  Albania
 Malta
 Montenegro
 Serbia
 Hungary Hungary Budapest Embassy  Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Croatia
 North Macedonia
 India Republic of India New Delhi Embassy
Chennai Consulate
Kolkata Consulate
Mumbai Consulate
 Indonesia Republic of Indonesia Jakarta Embassy
 Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Tehran Embassy  Turkmenistan
 Israel State of Israel Tel Aviv Embassy
 Italy Italian Republic Rome Embassy  Cyprus
 Kosovo
 Libya
 San Marino
 Tunisia
 Japan Japan Tokyo Embassy  Marshall Islands
Osaka Consulate
 Jordan Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Amman Embassy  Iraq
 Lebanon
 Palestine
 Syria
 Kazakhstan Republic of Kazakhstan Astana Embassy  Kyrgyzstan
 Kenya Republic of Kenya Nairobi Embassy  Burundi
 Ethiopia
 Madagascar
 Rwanda
 Seychelles
 Somalia
 South Sudan
 Tanzania
 Uganda
 Kuwait State of Kuwait Kuwait City Embassy
 Laos Lao People's Democratic Republic Vientiane Embassy
Savannakhet Consulate
 Madagascar Republic of Madagascar Antananarivo Consulate
 Malaysia Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Embassy
George Town Consulate
Kota Bharu Consulate
 Mexico United Mexican States Mexico City Embassy  Belize
 Guatemala
 Honduras
 Nicaragua
 Morocco Kingdom of Morocco Rabat Embassy  Mauritania
 Mozambique Republic of Mozambique Maputo Embassy  Comoros
 Malawi
 Mauritius
 Myanmar Republic of the Union of Myanmar Yangon Embassy
   Nepal Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal Kathmandu Embassy
 Netherlands Kingdom of the Netherlands The Hague Embassy
 New Zealand New Zealand Wellington Embassy  Fiji
 Kiribati
 Samoa
 Tonga
 Nigeria Federal Republic of Nigeria Abuja Embassy  Benin
 Cameroon
 Central African Republic
 Congo-Brazzaville
 Congo-Kinshasa
 Equatorial Guinea
 Gabon
 Ghana
 São Tomé and Príncipe
 Togo
 Norway Kingdom of Norway Oslo Embassy
 Oman Sultanate of Oman Muscat Embassy
 Pakistan Islamic Republic of Pakistan Islamabad Embassy  Afghanistan
 Tajikistan
Karachi Consulate
 Peru Republic of Peru Lima Embassy  Bolivia
 Colombia
 Ecuador
 Venezuela
 Philippines Republic of the Philippines Manila Embassy  Federated States of Micronesia
 Palau
 Poland Republic of Poland Warsaw Embassy  Ukraine
 Portugal Portuguese Republic Lisbon Embassy
 Qatar State of Qatar Doha Embassy
 Romania Romania Bucharest Embassy  Bulgaria
 Russia Russian Federation Moscow Embassy  Armenia
 Belarus
 Moldova
 Uzbekistan
 Saudi Arabia Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Riyadh Embassy  Yemen
Jeddah Consulate
 Senegal Republic of Senegal Dakar Embassy  Burkina Faso
 Cape Verde
 Gambia
 Guinea
 Guinea-Bissau
 Ivory Coast
 Liberia
 Mali
 Niger
 Sierra Leone
 Singapore Republic of Singapore Singapore Embassy
 South Africa Republic of South Africa Pretoria Embassy  Angola
 Botswana
 Eswatini
 Lesotho
 Namibia
 Zambia
 Zimbabwe
 South Korea Republic of Korea Seoul Embassy
 Spain Kingdom of Spain Madrid Embassy  Andorra
 Sri Lanka Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka Colombo Embassy  Maldives
 Sweden Kingdom of Sweden Stockholm Embassy
  Switzerland Swiss Confederation Bern Embassy  Liechtenstein
 Turkey Republic of Türkiye Ankara Embassy  Azerbaijan
 Georgia
 United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi Embassy
Dubai Consulate
 United Kingdom United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland London Embassy  Ireland
 United States United States of America Washington Embassy  Bahamas
Chicago Consulate
Los Angeles Consulate
New York City Consulate
 Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam Hanoi Embassy
Ho Chi Minh City Consulate

Permanent missions

Organization Official name City and Country Accredited to...
 ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations Jakarta, Indonesia
 UN United Nations Geneva, Switzerland
New York City, United States  Haiti
 Tuvalu

Thailand economic and trade office

Country Official name City
 Taiwan Republic of China Taipei

International organization participation

APEC, AsDB, ASEAN, BIMSTEC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNTAET, UNU, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO[citation needed]

See also

Thai Wikisource has original text related to this article:

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Further reading

  • Busbarat, Pongphisoot. "Thailand's foreign policy towards neighbouring countries and ASEAN." in Routledge Handbook of Contemporary Thailand (Routledge, 2019) pp. 431–446.
  • Chachavalpongpun, Pavin. Reinventing Thailand: Thaksin and his foreign policy (Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2010).
  • Chambers, Paul, and Poowin Bunyavejchewin. "Thailand's foreign economic policy toward mainland Southeast Asia." (2019). online Archived 10 November 2022 at the Wayback Machine
  • Guan, Ang Cheng. Southeast Asia's cold war: An interpretive history (U of Hawaii Press, 2018).
  • Klein, Ira. "Salisbury, Rosebery, and the Survival of Siam." Journal of British Studies 8.1 (1968): 119-139. in 1890s
  • Phuangkasem, Corrine. Thailand's Foreign Relations: 1964-80 (Brookfield Publishing Company, 1984).
  • Bhawan Ruangsilp (2007). Dutch East India Company Merchants at the Court of Ayutthaya: Dutch Perceptions of the Thai Kingdom, Ca. 1604-1765. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-15600-5.
  • Suwannathat-Pian, Kobkua. Thai-Malay relations: traditional intra-regional relations from the seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries (Oxford University Press, USA, 1988).
  • Theeravit, Khien. "Thailand: An Overview of Politics and Foreign Relations." Southeast Asian Affairs (1979): 299-311. online
  • Theeravit, Khien. "Thai-Kampuchean Relations: Problems and Prospects." Asian Survey, 22#6 1982, pp. 561–576. online for Cambodia
  • Zawacki, Benjamin. Thailand: Shifting ground between the U.S. and a rising China (2nd ed. . Bloomsbury, 2021).
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