Gaza Strip evacuations

Extended-protected article
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Gaza Strip evacuations
Part of the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip
Israeli division of the Gaza Strip into 620 zones[1]
Date13 October 2023 – present
(1 year, 2 months, 1 week and 6 days)
LocationGaza Strip
TypePopulation transfer
Organized by Israel
Deaths70+ (Israeli attacks on evacuating Palestinians)[2]
Displaced1,900,000[3]

During the Israel–Hamas war, the Israeli military ordered mass evacuations in Gaza, resulting in one of the largest displacements of Palestinians since 1948.[4][5][a] On 13 October 2023, just one week after Hamas' attack on Israel, Israel instructed 1.1 million Gazans north of the Wadi Gaza, including those in Gaza City, to evacuate within 24 hours.[7] This evacuation triggered a humanitarian crisis, with Palestinians calling it the "second Nakba," in reference to the mass displacement of 1948.[8]

Israel's ground invasion of Gaza began on 27 October 2023. By early November 2024, around 800,000 to 1 million Gazans had relocated to the southern part of the Strip, while 350,000 to 400,000 remained in the north.[9] Evacuees described the perilous journey as filled with fear and insecurity, citing attacks by the Israeli military and the sight of corpses along the evacuation routes.[10][11][12][13] Even after reaching the south, evacuees faced continued bombings, leaving no truly safe place in Gaza.[14]

The crisis intensified on 1 December 2023, when Israel began issuing evacuation orders throughout the entire Gaza Strip, dividing it into 620 zones and pushing a majority of Palestinians into an area one-third the territory's size.[15][16][17] By mid-2024, close to two-thirds of Gaza's population had been relocated into less than one-fifth of the Strip, with additional evacuation orders placing 83 percent of the entire region under displacement directives by July.[18] By August 2024, Israel's orders became so frequent that some residents stopped complying, believing no part of Gaza was safer than any other, while others could not comply due to overcrowding in designated "safe zones."[19][b] In October 2024, forced evacuations in the besieged northern Gaza intensified fears that Israel was actively implementing aspects of the "generals' plan" to clear northern Gaza of Palestinians.[22][23]

These forced evacuations have drawn severe criticism globally, with legal experts, human rights organizations, and diplomats condemning them as war crimes and crimes against humanity. South Africa has referenced these evacuations in its genocide case against Israel.[24][25]

Evacuation of northern Gaza

Timeline

The line in black represents the IDF's boundary at Wadi Gaza for evacuation.

October 2023

  • After Hamas launched an attack on Israel on October 7, Israel quickly responded with airstrikes on Gaza.
  • By 11 October, international efforts were being made to open a humanitarian corridor for civilians.[26]

November 2023

  • On 1 November Egypt allowed the first "critically sick and wounded" Palestinian and "selected" foreign national evacuees to leave Gaza.[30]
  • Around 8 November, Israel announced a daily four-hour humanitarian corridor.[31]
  • By 9 November, estimates of the number of people remaining in northern Gaza ranged from the low hundreds of thousands to at least 900,000.[32] Those who remained had little to no access to water, food, or electricity.[32]
  • On 8 November, an estimated 50,000 people evacuated northern Gaza.[33]
    • Many fled on an evacuation corridor along Salah al-Din Road, one of Gaza's two north–south highways.[34]
    • Civilians fled northern Gaza on foot or on donkey carts.[35] As they passed Israeli tanks, civilians waved white flags, though some reported Israeli soldiers firing at them and passing dead bodies along the road.[35]
    • Evacuees reported having to pass through Israeli checkpoints, where IDF soldiers made arrests.[36]
  • On 10 November, an Israeli spokesman stated 100,000 people had fled northern Gaza in the prior two days.[37]
  • UNICEF's Regional Director Adele Khodr said that thousands of children remained in northern Gaza, whose lives were "hanging on by a thread."[38]
  • On 12 November, Israel announced a temporary four-hour "temporary tactical cessation of military activities" at the Jabalia refugee camp to allow for residents to evacuate south.[39] A Palestinian journalist noted the humanitarian pauses only extended to Salah al-Din Street, but not to any of the roads leading to it.[40]
  • On 12 November, CARE International noted, "The journey to the south is incredibly dangerous and hard. Many of those who have made it out have experienced and witnessed terrible suffering."[41] The same day, the International Committee of the Red Cross released a statement, noting it was "gravely concerned by the precarious and unsafe conditions under which civilians are evacuating."[42] In an article in The Intercept, Gazan journalist Hind Khoudary compared the evacuation to the Trail of Tears, writing, "We kept walking. As we walked, pushing each other, we saw bombed cars and dead bodies inside the cars. Flies filled the cars, feasting on the blood and the bodies inside."[43]
  • On 15 November, OCHA stated Israel was arresting evacuees, reportedly beating and stripping people naked.[44]
  • On 16 November the Palestinian Red Crescent released, on Twitter, a 14-second video of evacuees, including children and wounded on stretchers, walking 11 km (6.8-mile) from Gaza City to southern Gaza.[45]
  • On 17 November, the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics estimated there were still some 800,000 civilians in northern Gaza.[46]
  • Journalist Jihad Abu Shanab, covering the evacuation on Salah al-Din road stated men were being denied access past an Israeli checkpoint into southern Gaza.[47]
  • On 14 November 2023 OCHA said that Palestinians were reportedly being facially scanned while passing through automatic checkpoints.[48]
  • On 18 November Doctors Without Borders condemned a "deliberate Israeli attack" on a medical convoy evacuating northern Gaza.[49]
  • Around 21 November Mosab Abu Toha, a poet, was detained at an Israeli checkpoint.[50]
  • On 22 November UNICEF reported unaccompanied children were evacuating south by themselves.[51]
  • On 22 November Israel leafleted villages east of Khan Younis, ordering residents to evacuate immediately westwards to "known shelters."[52]
  • Evacuees described the evacuation path as full of death and horror.[53][54]

December 2023–May 2024

  • In the case of one family, Al Jareeza reported on 3 December, three brothers were apprehended, and their family was left not knowing what happened to them more than two weeks later.[55]
  • On 22 December Israel issued instructions people in several areas to "immediately move to shelters in Deir al-Balah".[56]
  • On 4 January 2024, Israel announced the closure of Salah al-Din Street as a humanitarian corridor and the transfer to al-Rashid Street.[57]
  • Residents on the coastal side of Gaza City were ordered to evacuate on 29 January.[58] The evacuation orders affected an estimated 88,000 people.[59]
  • Speaking in the South Africa v. Israel case, Adila Hassim SC told the International Court of Justice (ICJ) that the first evacuation order on 13 October 2023 was "genocidal".[60]
  • On 6 February, UNOCHA stated that two-thirds of Gaza, 246sq km (95sq miles), and once home to 1.78 million Palestinians, was under evacuation orders by the IDF.[61]
  • The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) and the Critical Threats Project reported the Israeli army was in Gaza City and planning to clear out the remaining 200,000 people in humanitarian shelters.[62]
  • The ISW reported that Israeli forces were building a road to divide northern and southern Gaza.[63]
  • Israel ordered the residents of the Zeitoun and Turkmen neighborhoods in Gaza City to evacuate to al-Mawasi.[64]
  • The head of communications at Islamic Relief reported that Palestinians in northern Gaza were evacuating by foot due to severe fuel shortages.[65]
  • On 14 May, Israel ordered the immediate evacuations of the al-Karama, Sultan and al-Zuhur neighborhoods.[66]
  • The UN stated that Israel's latest evacuation orders had displaced at least 100,000 people from northern Gaza.[67]
  • 15 people were reportedly killed at the gate of an evacuation center in the Jabalia refugee camp.[68]

June 2024–present

  • On 30 June, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs stated that between 60,000 and 80,000 people had been displaced from Shuja'iyya in the prior days.[69]
  • On 7 July, the IDF ordered the central parts of Gaza City to evacuate to the western part of the city.[70]
  • On 9 July, U.N. spokesman Stephane Dujarric stated residents of Gaza City were fleeing Israel's military advancements on the city, stating they were being "displaced under fire and bombardment".[71]
  • On 10 July, Israel ordered the complete evacuation of Gaza City, affecting as many as 250,000 people.[72]
    • Israel dropped leaflets telling "all those in Gaza City" to go to Deir al-Balah.[73]
    • In response to the evacuation order, some residents stated they would not leave, stating there was nowhere safe in Gaza.[74]
      • The Associated Press reported there was "no mass exodus" since residents believed there was no safe refuge.[75]
  • The International Committee of the Red Cross stated on 13 July that "entire families are trapped and desperately seek security. The huge needs are beyond our capacity to respond".[76]
  • A displaced person from Gaza City in Deir al-Balah stated, "Where should we go next? The entire Gaza Strip is under fire and we are being hunted like deer in a forest. When is enough?"[77]
  • On 7 August 2024, Israel ordered the evacuations of districts in Beit Hanoun and Beit Lahiya.[78]
  • Israel ordered the evacuation of the Maghazi refugee camp on 17 August 2024.[79] Some residents of northern Gaza refused to evacuate, stating there was nowhere safe in Gaza.[80]
  • Thousands fled Deir el-Balah following Israeli evacuation orders on 22 August 2024.[81] Additional orders were issued for Deir el-Balah four days later.[82]
  • In late-September 2024, Netanyahu was considering a plan to force out all civilians in northern Gaza and place anyone remaining there following the orders under a complete siege.[83] Former National Security Council chief Giora Eiland recommended that the entire northern Gaza Strip be emptied, and that anyone remaining would be killed or arrested.[84]
  • On 6 October, Israel ordered the mass evacuation of the estimated 300,000 people remaining in northern Gaza Strip, with the army reportedly "systematically working to empty northern Gaza."[85][86]

Hospitals

On 14 October 2023, Israel ordered the evacuation of 22 hospitals in northern Gaza. The WHO described the order as a "death sentence" for the sick and wounded.[87] Doctors Without Borders issued a statement calling the order "outrageous," "an attack on medical care and on humanity," and condemned it "in the strongest possible terms."[88] The World Health Organisation released a plea requesting Israel to rescind the orders, noting the extreme difficulty moving patients in critical care, the depletion of medical supplies, and that "the four Ministry of Health hospitals in south Gaza are already beyond capacity".[89] Similar statements were issued by UNICEF and IRC.[90][91] The WHO expressed concern about the evacuation order sent to the al-Quds Hospital in Gaza.[92]

On 29 October 2023, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the head of the World Health Organization, described reports from the Palestinian Red Crescent that the al-Quds hospital had received an urgent evacuation warning and notice that it was "going to be bombarded" as "deeply concerning." He reiterated that it was "impossible to evacuate hospitals full of patients without endangering their lives."[93]

Doctors across northern Gaza stated they were unable to follow Israel's evacuation order, since their patients, including newborns in the ICU, would die.[94] On Monday 16 October 2023, Israel ordered the al-Ahli Arab Hospital, and the rest of northern Gaza, to evacuate.[95] Because of insufficient beds in the southern Gaza Strip and no means of transporting patients, such as newborns in incubators or patients on ventilators, the evacuation orders were widely regarded as impossible to comply with.[95] On 17 October 2023, a widely condemned explosion in the al-Ahli courtyard resulted in significant fatalities.[96]

On 10 November 2023, Muhammad Abu Salmiya, the director of Al Shifa hospital, noted that despite Israeli bombings, medical staff would stay with patients until the "last moment."[97] Abu Salmiya stated, "There is a war against hospitals... this has never happened in any war."[97] On 12 November 2023, the IDF announced that it was enabling a safe passage from Al-Shifa, Rantisi, and Nasser hospitals, and opened and secured an additional one to help people to evacuate to the south.[98] On 13 November, however, the Gaza Health Ministry stated thousands of patients were unable to evacuate, after Israel's military encircled health facilities.[99]

On 14 November 2023, Human Rights Watch noted the impossibility of evacuation from al-Shifa Hospital, stating, "There is no reliably safe route to evacuate. Satellite imagery confirms fires, military operations, and roadblocks on every conceivable route. And many sick and injured people in the hospital wouldn't be able to evacuate even if the roads were clear."[100] At least 40 patients died during the Al-Shifa Hospital siege and its subsequent evacuation.[101]

In October 2024, three hospitals, Al-Awda Hospital, Indonesia Hospital, and Kamal Adwan Hospital, were ordered to evacuate by the Israeli army.[102] Medics in northern Gaza hospitals evacuated following Israel's orders, leaving behind a "very limited number" of medics remaining with patients unable to be moved.[103]

Attempts to return north

On 22 November 2023, Israel and Hamas agreed to a temporary ceasefire.[104] In response, internally-displaced persons in the south attempted to return north.[105] Israeli soldiers fired at the evacuees, killing two and wounding eleven.[106] The IDF issued a warning telling evacuees not to attempt to return north.[107]

On 29 November some individuals were able to return to the al-Nasr Hospital and raised claims that IDF forces had abandoned medically complex children who died and decomposed in their beds. The hospital director had told Euro-Med Human Rights Monitor he had sent an appeal to aid groups about the children after being forced to evacuate and leave them behind by IDF forces.[108] Two independent forensic pathologists reviewed the raw footage for NBC News saying that the advanced stages of decomposition of the dead infants is consistent with the roughly two weeks from the time the infants would have been abandoned to the date the video was shot.[109] In February 2024, displaced Palestinians who returned to Gaza City "found that their homes, and even their neighbourhoods, no longer exist."[110]

On 26 February 2024, Yoav Gallant stated people would be allowed to return to northern Gaza "only after all hostages" had been released.[111] Israel was reportedly considering setting up tent cities in central Gaza and Khan Younis.[112] On 14 April 2024, thousands of Palestinians attempted to return to northern Gaza but faced Israeli gunfire on al-Rasheed Street.[113]

Attacks on civilians during evacuation

Further information: 2023 attacks on Palestinians evacuating Gaza City

Both Hamas and the IDF accused each other of preventing the evacuation of Palestinians from northern Gaza. According to Hamas, Israeli airstrikes bombed and killed civilians complying with the evacuation order.[114][115] According to the IDF, Hamas bombed, shot, and placed roadblocks for civilians trying to escape.[116] Hamas told civilians that roads were unsafe, stating that Israel had attacked trucks carrying evacuees.[117] The IDF also alleged that Hamas instructed civilians to return to the north.[118]

On 13 October 2023, Gaza mosques broadcast messages telling Gaza Strip residents to not evacuate, stating, "Hold on to your homes. Hold on to your land."[119] On 14 October, the IDF said Palestinians moving south were stuck in traffic caused by Hamas' roadblocks.[120] Hamas instructed civilians not to evacuate, and there are multiple reports indicating that Hamas physically hindered Gazans from fleeing to the south.[121][122][123][124][125]

By August 2024, an analysis by the Critical Threats Project and the Institute for the Study of War stated that "evacuation orders are no longer a reliable indicator for imminent Israeli ground operations".[126]

Missile attacks

On 13 October 2023, multiple bombings targeted Palestinians attempting to leave northern Gaza City, killing 70 people, mostly women and children, and injuring 200.[c][2][127] Hamas issued a statement accusing Israel of bombing civilians.[128][129] In return, Israel accused Hamas of blocking Palestinians' evacuation, in order to use them as "human shields."[130] Although there are disputes about the exact details of the attacks, a number of sources attribute responsibility to an Israeli missile strike.[2][10][131]

On 3 November 2023, fourteen people were killed by an Israeli bombardment while attempting to evacuate northern Gaza.[132] On 11 November, the United Nations noted several explosions had hit the evacuation corridor on Salah al-Din Road, resulting in fatalities and injuries.[133]

Tank attacks

On 30 October 2023, Israeli tanks blocked the roads connecting Gaza City to southern Gaza and fired on civilian vehicles complying with Israeli orders to evacuate.[134][135] In one instance, a tank at Netzarim attacked a car and a bus, killing three people.[136] On 3 February 2024, an Israeli military vehicle reportedly opened fire on civilians fleeing Khan Younis.[137]

Gunfire attacks

After the ground invasion of Gaza, the IDF opened protected humanitarian corridors from Gaza City to South Gaza[138][139] According to Ynet, Palestinian civilians were attacked attempting to flee Gaza City.[140] Civilians reported Israeli soldiers open-firing.[35] On 23 January 2024, the IDF reportedly open-fired on a car attempting to evacuate to Rafah, killing four people.[141] On 26 January 2024, residents of al-Dahra, Khan Younis were reportedly ordered by the IDF to evacuate to Rafah on a specific road, then came under Israeli gunfire while fleeing on that road.[142] In July 2024, Israeli snipers killed several civilians after the military issued evacuation orders in Gaza City.[143]

Attacks on civilians after evacuating to "safe zone"

After telling civilians to evacuate south in October 2023, Israel continued to bomb the areas it told people to go to.[11] Analyses by CNN, The New York Times, and Sky News all found that Israel had bombed areas it had previously told civilians to evacuate to. The Sky News investigation also concluded that Israel's evacuation orders had been "chaotic and contradictory",[144] NYT found that Israel had dropped 2,000-pound bombs in those areas,[145] while CNN stated it had verified at least three locations Israel bombed after telling civilians it was safe to go there.[146]

Analyses showed that 34-42% of all Palestinians killed, were killed inside southern Gaza's "safe zones".[147] During the first two weeks after Israel's order to evacuate to south of Wadi Gaza, 38% of killings occurred south of Wadi Gaza.[147][148] By November 20, 34% of Palestinians killed had been killed south of Wadi Gaza, and by Jan 22, 2024, 42% of all killings happened south of Wadi Gaza.[149][147] Based on this data, a UN report opines that Israel deliberately turned "safe areas" into areas of mass killing.[147]

On 11 November 2023, the Interior Ministry stated Israel launched airstrikes in "so-called safe areas" in southern Gaza.[150] IDF Chief of Staff Herzi Halevi stated "more and more regions" would be targeted moving forward.[151] Following Israel's evacuation orders for Palestinians to flee northern Gaza, the IDF intensified its attacks on southern Gaza.[152] On 18 November 2023, Israeli defence minister Yoav Gallant stated soon all of Gaza would feel the "IDF's lethal force."[153] By 19 December 2023, Israel was attacking areas in Rafah once considered safe zones.[154] On 21 December 2023, a Sky News analysis found Israel was directly targeting areas that it was telling people to flee to.[155]

On 4 January 2024, the Gaza territory government stated Israel had bombed "safe areas" forty-eight times.[156] The Gaza media office stated the bombings killed 31 people.[157] On 6 January, safe areas in Rafah were bombed.[158] Five people, including four children, were killed in an Israeli airstrike in Rafah on 10 January.[159] On 10 January 2024, the UN Human Rights Office stated Israel was placing "civilian lives at serious risk by ordering residents from various parts of Middle Gaza to relocate to Deir el-Balah – while continuing to conduct air strikes on the city".[160] The same day, an Israeli strike in Deir el-Balah near the Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital reportedly killed and wounded more than forty people.[161] On 17 January, intensive bombing was reported throughout southern Gaza, including in areas once deemed safe zones.[162]

The Gaza Media Office reported on 22 January 2024 that five shelters housing up to 30,000 displaced people were being targeted by the Israeli military.[163] Forensic Architecture confirmed that the strikes had been conducted by Israeli military tanks.[164] On 4 February 2024, the Media Office reported an airstrike in a supposedly "safe area" in Deir el-Balah, killing thirty people.[165] In May 2024, eight people were reported killed in Al-Faluja, a safe area west of the Jabalia refugee camp.[166] In July 2024, a prominent Gaza doctor and multiple members of his family were killed by an Israeli airstrike after complying with an evacuation order.[167] In August 2024, UNICEF reported that more than half of all schools being used as shelters had been directly hit.[168]

Al-Mawasi

See also: May 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack, June 2024 Al-Mawasi refugee camp attack, and 13 July 2024 Al-Mawasi airstrikes

Israel declared Al-Mawasi a "safe zone".[169] Internally displaced persons who fled to Al-Mawasi reported no water, electricity, or buildings to shelter.[170] The UN and relief groups do not recognize Al-Mawasi or provide services there.[171] Al-Mawasi has been attacked numerous times during the war. The UN Human Rights Office has stated that "despite Al Mawasi, Khan Younis being declared a 'humanitarian zone' by the Israeli military, it continues to conduct airstrikes and shelling into the area.".[172]

On 26 December 2023, Israel bombed Al-Mawasi, killing one woman and saying it would not refrain from bombing safe zones.[173] Israeli bombings on 4 January 2024 focused on al-Mawasi, killing 14 people from two families, mostly children under ten.[174]

On 14 January 2024, UNOCHA reported that the displaced in al-Mawasi camp were in need of humanitarian supplies.[175] On 15 January 2024, three displaced people sheltering in a tent were reported killed by an Israeli airstrike.[176] On 22 January, the Gaza Health Ministry stated Israeli soldiers had raided the al-Khair hospital in al-Mawasi and arrested medical staff.[177] On 23 January, Israeli warplanes reportedly bombed tents for displaced people.[178]

On 3 February 2024, the Palestinian Red Crescent reported it finished setting up the fifth shelter camp in Al-Mawasi, able to house up to seventy families.[179] On 6 February, a woman was killed by an Israeli sniper.[180] Two people were injured by Israeli gunfire on 24 February.[181] On 10 March, at least 16 people were reported hospitalized following heavy Israeli bombardment.[182]

Israeli shelling on 11 March killed at least 14 people.[183] The Gaza Health Ministry reported an Israeli air raid had killed 12 people sheltering in a tent.[184] Children sheltering in a tent were reportedly killed on 27 March.[185][186] In mid-June 2024, witnesses stated they were evacuating al-Mawasi due to "unrelenting attacks" by the Israeli army.[187] A late-June 2024 attack reportedly killed at least 25 people and wounded 50.[188] In July 2024, an Israeli airstrike killed at least 17 and wounded 26 in a tent area for displaced families in Al-Mawasi, according to the health ministry.[189] Later that same month, an attack killed 90 people and wounded 300.[190]

Southern Gaza

Conditions

Destruction in Deir al-Balah

On 6 November 2023, Al Jazeera journalist Hani Mahmoud described southern Gaza as a large concentration camp.[191] On 9 November, the UN estimated 30,000 northern Gazan residents had returned to the north after failing to find shelters in the south.[192] Due to UNRWA shelters being overcrowded, many northern Gazan refugees slept in the streets.[193] Hospitals in southern Gaza reported inadequate medical resources to deal with the volume of wounded arriving from the north.[194] Refugees described the situation as "primitive" with "no safety."[195] Families reported evacuating as many as five times.[196]

By 7 December 2023, an estimated half million displaced people were in Rafah, with many sleeping in the streets as UN shelters were completely overwhelmed.[197] On 9 December, the UN reported extreme overcrowding at its shelters in Rafah, with rampant cases of scabies, lice, and diarrhea.[198] Internally displaced persons sheltering in Al-Fukhari reported overcrowding and unsafe conditions.[199] On 12 December, conditions in Rafah were reported as "catastrophic," with women and girls slept 70 people in one room, while men and boys slept in outdoor tents.[200] Diseases, including smallpox, influenza, and intestinal diseases, were reportedly spreading in Rafah.[201] By 13 December, the UN estimated half of Gaza's entire population was in Rafah.[202] On 20 December, the United Nations stated Rafah was the most densely populated area in the Gaza Strip.[203]

The United Nations stated that up to thirty percent of the Gaza Strip was under evacuation orders.[204] By 2 January 2024, the United Nations reported 1 million displaced people were in Rafah, with hundreds of thousands sleeping outside.[205] The Gaza Health Ministry spokesman stated on 13 January that Rafah's infrastructure was reaching a breaking point and unable to handle the number of people there.[206] OCHA reported on 16 January there was no food or medicine in Rafah.[207]

On 18 January, the UNICEF executive global director stated, "This time as I went into Rafah, you go into the first crossing and you've got tents upon tents, plastic sheeting upon plastic sheeting, as far as the eye can see".[208] By 25 January, the International Committee of the Red Cross stated more than 1.5 million people were living in a 60sq km (23sq miles) radius.[209] On 1 February, Physicians for Human Rights stated people were suffering from freezing conditions in southern Gaza's tent cities.[210] The Gaza Health Ministry reported there were 30,000 displaced people without food or water.[211] Displaced people described being forced to flee without any of their belongings, with only the clothes they were wearing.[212] On 29 February, Jan Egeland, the head of the Norwegian Refugee Council, stated he was "shocked by conditions" in Rafah and stated the humanitarian aid system was broken.[213] In May 2024, the UN stated evacuees were "living among rubble".[214] The UN stated that humanitarian aid workers were struggling to distribute water in al-Mawasi.[215]

In June 2024, Oxfam stated, "Living conditions are so appalling that in al-Mawasi, there are just 121 latrines for over 500,000 people – or 4,130 people having to share each toilet".[216] In October 2024, the Norwegian Refugee Council stated that more than a million displaced people in southern and central Gaza needed tent repair kits as winter approached.[217]

Southern Gaza evacuations

On 16 November 2023, the IDF dropped leaflets warning residents in southern Gaza to move to the western side.[218][219] Mark Regev stated Israel sought to create a "safe zone" in the southwestern corner of the Gaza Strip.[220] Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the chief of the World Health Organization, said it was a "recipe for disaster."[221] The chiefs of multiple United Nations agencies stated they would not cooperate in the creation of the safe zone unless conditions were in place to ensure safety and essential needs were met.[222][223]

A flyer announcing an urgent recommendation to evacuate the population of Gaza from various neighborhoods, scattered in the air by the IDF. Shown in both Arabic and Hebrew.

Following the end of the temporary truce on 1 December 2023, Israel released maps dividing Gaza into hundreds of numbered districts with marked "evacuation zones."[224] The IDF dropped leaflets warning civilians in southern Gaza to evacuate to Rafah.[225] The IDF again recommended evacuation to a "humanitarian area" in the southwestern corner called Al-Mawasi, though the UN stated there were no humanitarian preparations in Al-Mawasi.[226] On 2 December, the IDF issued evacuation orders to Bani Suheila and Al-Qarara, near Khan Younis.[227] One order in Khan Younis stated, "The IDF will start a crushing military offensive... For your safety, move immediately."[228] UNOCHA warned the orders did not indicate to civilians where they should go.[229] The warnings were distributed by leaflets with a QR code which posed difficulties for people without internet service.[230] Civilians stated they felt they had nowhere left to go.[231]

On 5 December 2023, Bushra Khalidi, a legal expert with Oxfam, stated 1.8 million people were being pushed into an area about the same size as London's Heathrow airport.[232] The vice-president of the International Rescue Committee stated people were being bombed at the places they were told to flee.[233][234] On 5 December 2023, Israel issued new warnings in Khan Younis stating, "Don't get out. Going out is dangerous. You have been warned."[235] The UN estimated the number of displaced Palestinians in Rafah was expected to rise to as many as 1 million people.[236] Residents in Gaza stated evacuation orders came with little time before bombings began.[237] Humanitarian organizations additionally stated Israeli evacuation orders were prone to change with almost no notice to civilians.[238] On 6 November 2023, Israel reportedly dropped leaflets with a Quran verse reading, "The flood overtook them as they were wrongdoers."[239]

Residents reported significant technical and logistical issues with Israel's app-based evacuation system.[240] People attempting to flee to Rafah from Khan Younis encountered craters from Israeli bombardments along Salah al-Din Road.[241] On 11 December, Khan Younis was ordered evacuated as tanks entered the city.[242] On 20 December, Israel ordered large areas of Khan Younis to evacuate.[243] It ordered the Bureij refugee camp to evacuate on 22 December.[244] A 23 December 2023 evacuation order demanded 150,000 residents of central Gaza to flee to Deir el-Balah.[245][246] Two days later, Deir el-Balah was hit by airstrikes.[247] The town was reportedly overcrowded by evacuees.[248] On 4 January 2024, another wave of displacement occurred as people fled the Bureij, Maghazi and Nuseirat camps in central Gaza.[249]

On 3 February 2024, the IDF dropped a leaflet in central Gaza stating, "This is all just a drop in the ocean. Wake up. Your future is in your hands."[250] In August 2024, an Israeli evacuation order affecting central and southern Gaza forced displaced people to flee shelters.[251]

Evacuation of Khan Younis

Further information: Siege of Khan Yunis

On 24 January 2024, Israel ordered a large area of Khan Younis to evacuate, affecting three hospitals, 24 United Nations shelters, and more than 500,000 people.[252] On 25 January, IDF soldiers were reportedly detaining and searching young men fleeing from Khan Younis without explanation.[253] Residents of western Khan Younis were ordered to evacuate to al-Mawasi on 26 January.[254] Images released on 27 January 2024 showed thousands fleeing Khan Younis.[255] The evacuations were described as "completely chaotic."[256] The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs called the evacuation of Khan Younis "a cruel expansion and deepening of forced displacement from southern regions."[257]

On 28 January 2024, Al Jazeera journalist Hani Mahmoud wrote people trying "to flee the horror on different routes away from the bombing were targeted by tank and artillery shells and small-arms fire".[258] On 31 January, the UN reported that they had been forced to evacuate Khan Younis, losing a health clinic and major shelters for displaced people.[259] On 1 February, UNOCHA reported 184,000 people had registered for humanitarian assistance from the outskirts of Khan Younis.[260] On 14 February 2024, Israel ordered the evacuation of the approximately 8,000 people sheltering at Nasser Hospital.[261] On 3 March 2024, residents of the Al-Qarara and Hamad City neighborhoods in Khan Younis appealed for a safe evacuation after reporting they were trapped by Israeli forces.[262]

In July 2024, Israel again ordered the evacuation of Khan Younis.[263] According to UNRWA, the evacuation order affected 250,000 people in Khan Younis.[264] The UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres's spokesman stated it was the largest order since October 2023.[265][266] A UN spokesperson stated many people would struggle to evacuate due to bad weather and poor humanitarian conditions.[267] As a result of the evacuation, thousands of people slept in the street since they had run out of places to seek refuge.[268] Others set up tents along the water's edge because coastal displacement camps were already full.[269] The Gaza European Hospital was voluntarily evacuated following the orders.[270] In late-July 2024, Israel ordered the evacuation of part of Khan Younis and bombarded the area.[271] The Israel Defense Forces stated it reducing the size of the "humanitarian zone" and ordered people evacuate from eastern neighborhoods.[272] Displaced residents camped in a cemetery in eastern Khan Younis.[273]

On 26 July 2024, the UN stated 180,000 people had evacuated Khan Younis in just the prior four days.[274] One evacuee described the conditions, stating, "We barely had time to collect our things, most people fled without taking anything. During previous evacuation orders they gave us a day or two, but this time we didn't even have half an hour."[275] Another wrote, "It is almost impossible to imagine living among such destruction."[276] Displaced people were found sleeping on the steps of the Nasser Hospital, stating they had nowhere else to go.[277] Civilians began to return to Khan Younis at the end of July 2024, following the Israeli military's withdrawal.[278][279]

In mid-August 2024, Israel ordered another evacuation of centre, east, and west Khan Younis, affecting tens of thousands of people.[280] The order came following the Al-Tabaeen school attack.[281] According to the Norwegian Refugee Council, the order reduced the amount of "humanitarian zone" in Gaza from 20 percent down to 14 percent.[282] This was one of the largest evacuation orders since the war's start.[283] According to an IDF statement, warplanes dropped leaflets warning residents to evacuation before the army began "to operate against the [militant] organisations in the area".[284] The order affected 120 displacement sites with approximately 170,000 people in them.[285] The United Nations placed the "humanitarian zone" as just 11 percent of Gaza.[286] Thousands fled the area following the orders.[287]

Attack on Rafah

Main article: Rafah offensive

On 1 February 2024, Yoav Gallant announced the IDF would turn to Rafah once they "complete the mission" in Khan Yunis.[288] Following Egypt's refusal to open its borders,[289] displaced people had been fearing an assault on Rafah, as "there is no farther south they can move."[290] Al Jazeera reported people in Rafah were in a state of disbelief, as "it seems they have no other place to go".[291] Volker Türk, the UN human rights chair, stated he was "deeply worried by Israel defence minister's remarks on military push to Rafah. This sets off alarm bells for massive civilian casualties and further displacement".[292] UNOCHA reported on 2 February that "Rafah is a pressure cooker of despair, and we fear for what comes next."[293] The "level of panic" amongst displaced people in Rafah rose after Yoav Gallant stated, "Victory won't be complete unless the military expands into Rafah."[294]

The Palestinian Foreign Ministry stated an Israeli assault on Rafah would lead to "the annihilation of about 1.5 million Palestinians, or an attempt to displace them".[295] A Norwegian Refugee Council representative stated, "People in Rafah are trapped between Israeli tanks and the Egyptian border. I don't think the announcement of an evacuation plan is realistic. Where would people go?"[296] On 10 February, an unnamed Israeli official stated Palestinians in Rafah would be evacuated northward.[297] On 10 February, people in Rafah reportedly began fleeing to Deir el-Balah.[298] A Human Rights Watch researcher stated, "This evacuation would be unlawful if it is ordered".[299] In an interview with ABC News, Netanyahu stated Palestinians in Rafah would be granted "safe passage" out of the city.[300]

On 12 February, Thomas White, the UN's Gaza relief director, stated that Israel's offensive in Rafah would result in "a million people [moving] in the Gaza Strip into areas that are not set up to accommodate them".[301] The Palestine Red Crescent Society stated, "There is no safe place at all and there is no way to evacuate."[302] Tareq Abu Azzoum, a journalist on the ground, stated Rafah was functioning like a "massive shelter" and warned of a humanitarian catastrophe in the city if the Israeli military were to attack, due to the large number of children and elderly people unable to easily evacuate.[303]

On 14 February, the United Nations said it would not be involved in an evacuation of Rafah, stating, "The UN does not participate in forced, non-voluntary evacuations. There is no plan at this time to facilitate the evacuation of civilians".[304] On 10 March, Israel Katz told Israeli public radio that the U.S. wanted to see a Rafah evacuation plan before an invasion.[305] On 23 April 2024, an International Committee of the Red Cross official stated, "When we see the level of destruction in the middle area (of Gaza) and in the north, it's not clear to us where people will be moved to..."[306] The same day, satellite imagery showed a compound of tents being built near Khan Younis.[307]

Evacuation of Rafah

On 4 May 2024, Israel presented its evacuation plan to the United States, according to U.S. officials, who stated the U.S. believed Israel's plan would result in too many civilian casualties.[308]

On 6 May 2024, Israel ordered parts of Rafah to begin evacuating.[309] In response, thousands began fleeing the city in anticipation of a ground invasion.[310] Nick Maynard, a British doctor attempting to leave Gaza on the day Israel issued its evacuation order, stated, "Driving through Rafah, the tension was palpable with people evacuating as rapidly as they could."[311] UNRWA, the primary humanitarian aid coordinator in Gaza, stated, "UNRWA is not evacuating: The Agency will maintain a presence in Rafah as long as possible and will continue providing lifesaving aid to people."[312]

On 11 May, Israel expanded its evacuation order, after more than 100,000 had fled Rafah already.[313] Al Jazeera English reported that people evacuating Rafah were being fired on by Israeli gunboats.[314] Many fled to Deir al-Balah, which had only one operational hospital, and was said to be running low on available space and water.[315] UNICEF reported the roads to Al-Mawasi were jammed.[316] By 14 May, the UN estimated half a million people had already fled Rafah.[317] On 18 May, the UN estimated some 800,000 people had fled Rafah.[318] By 24 May, more than 900,000 people had fled from Rafah.[319] The United Nations stated on 28 May that around 1 million people had evacuated Rafah in the last three weeks.[320] As Israeli forces moved into the center of Rafah, civilians reported being unable to evacuate, shot by quadcopters, and surrounded by tanks.[321]

UNOCHA stated that Israel's failure to provide medical care, adequate food, or sanitation might amount "forced displacement, which is a war crime."[322] A Norwegian Refugee Council spokeswoman stated Israel's evacuation order was "inhumane and unsafe" because "the al-Mawasi where people are being ordered to evacuate to is not equipped to accommodate" more people.[323] A senior policy adviser at Mercy Corps stated Israel's evacuation orders were not compliant with international humanitarian law, stating, "Civilians are protected under international humanitarian law; they should be safe everywhere and not in zones or specific zones."[324] Islamic Relief stated, "Forcing so many people to move is impossible without serious humanitarian cost, and people will inevitably die as a result of the evacuation".[325] Charles Michel, the president of the European Council, stated, "Evacuation orders for civilians trapped in Rafah to unsafe zones are unacceptable".[326] A British surgeon stated that Kuwaiti Hospital staff were evacuating patients while Israeli artillery and quadcopter fired nearby.[327] On 9 June, the UN stated there were fewer than 100,000 people remaining in Rafah.[328] On 20 June, the United Nations estimated there were around 65,000 remaining in the Rafah governorate.[329]

Evacuation of Al-Mawasi

On 22 July 2024, an Israeli evacuation order included a portion of Al-Mawasi that was previously a designated "safe zone".[330]

Refugees

On 8 January 2024, Al Jazeera reported Egyptian officials were allowing individuals with at least $8,000 USD to enter Egypt, leading Palestinians to use sites like GoFundMe to fundraise enough money to leave Gaza.[331] On 29 January, The Guardian reported that Palestinians were paying bribes of up to $10,000 to flee into Egypt.[332] Antony Loewenstein, an investigate journalist, warned of Israeli intentions to push Palestinians out of Gaza, stating, "There is really intention here to make Gaza so unlivable, which is essentially what has become in vast parts of Gaza, that really Palestinians have little choice".[333] SBS News reported that Palestinians evacuating Gaza to Australia had their visas revoked mid-flight.[334] On 25 April, the Palestinian ambassador to Egypt stated that between 80,000 and 100,000 Palestinians had crossed into Egypt from Gaza since 7 October.[335] By late-June 2024, the Palestinian Embassy in Egypt stated that at least 115,000 Palestinians from Gaza had crossed into Egypt.[336]

International evacuations

Main article: Evacuations during the Israel–Hamas war

Dual citizens and the families of international citizens faced a difficult time evacuating from the Gaza Strip. U.S. citizens and their families sued the federal government due to what they stated was the Biden administration's failure to help them evacuate Gaza.[337][338] In February 2024, the Canadian Immigration Minister Marc Miller stated that none of the more than 1,000 people authorized to leave Gaza into Canada had been allowed to leave, stating, "I'm pretty pissed off about it."[339]

In March 2024 it was announced that the German embassy and the charity SOS Children's Villages International, 68 children without parental care, 11 employees and their families, were evacuated out of Rafah and into Bethlehem in the West Bank. The organization were caring for the children before the war began and they were moved with the consent of their legal guardians and aid from the Israeli government. The involvement of the Israeli government, announced by the UN has generated anger from some officials, with security minister Itamar Ben-Gvir calling it a "fake humane measure".[340] During the Rafah offensive, around 20 American doctors were left unable to leave Gaza.[341]

According to Jewish Currents, around 150,000 people in total had left the Gaza Strip since October 2023, through dual citizenship, visas, or paying large exit fees to Egyptian officials.[342]

Medical evacuations

As of July 2024, the Palestine Children's Relief Fund had evacuated more than 200 children in need of medical treatment.[343] At the end of July 2024, the World Health Organization stated they had evacuated 85 patients from Gaza, the largest since October 2023.[344] Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu reportedly delayed the evacuation of wounded and sick children to the UAE in retaliation for an alleged Hezbollah attack on the Golan Heights.[345] In October 2024, the World Health Organization stated it would evacuate 1,000 women and children in need of medical care.[346]

By October 2024, WHO Europe had conducted 600 medical evacuations from Gaza to Europe since October 2023.[347]

Responses

Ibrahim Fraihat, a professor at Georgetown University, stated Israel's "very clear message is mass expulsion; everyone has to leave."[348] In response to Israeli orders to evacuate parts of southern Gaza, Amnesty International urged the IDF to rescind the orders, stating they violated international law and amounted to a forced displacement.[349] Israeli professor Neve Gordon told Al Jazeera that the evacuation orders gave Israel the ability to cast the entire population of northern Gaza as proximate human shields.[350]

UN response

In a statement, the UN warned of "devastating humanitarian consequences" of displacing 1.1 million Palestinians.[351] Shortly after the evacuation orders were issued, UN facilities, including UNRWA,[352] were instructed to move to Rafah.[353] U.N. Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Martin Griffiths stated that "The United Nations cannot be part of unilateral proposal to push Palestinians into so-called safe zones."[354] UNRWA head Philippe Lazzarini stated a sustained military assault on southern Gaza could push as many as 1 million refugees to try to escape into Egypt.[355] In an op-ed in the Los Angeles Times, Lazarrinni warned Israel was attempting to push Palestinians into Egypt.[356] Filippo Grandi, the UN high commissioner for refugees, stated Palestinians were being "pushed more and more towards a narrow corner of what is already a very narrow territory."[357]

In July 2024, the UN secretary general Antonio Guterres stated Israel was forcing Palestinians "to move like human pinballs across a landscape of destruction and death."[358] The UN further warned that the July 2024 orders would "fuel mass suffering for Palestinian families".[359] Scott Anderson, the UNRWA head in Gaza, stated, "People are often only able to take whatever they can carry. They're mostly on foot and some are only able to carry their children. Many have lost everything and they need everything."[360] Catherine Russell, the head of UNICEF, stated, "As families are repeatedly forced to move to escape the immediate violence, the humanitarian situation is beyond catastrophic".[361] Following Israeli evacuation orders for central and southern Gaza in mid-August 2024, UNRWA stated Palestinians were "trapped in an endless nightmare of death and destruction on a staggering scale".[362]

Israeli response

Further information: Nakba and Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip
See also: Policy paper: Options for a policy regarding Gaza's civilian population

In a social media post, MK Ariel Kallner wrote, "Right now, one goal: Nakba! A Nakba that will overshadow the Nakba of 48. Nakba in Gaza and Nakba to anyone who dares to join!"[363] On 1 November 2023, MK Galit Distel-Atbaryan wrote on X, "the Gazan monsters will fly to the southern fence and try to enter Egyptian territory. or they will die."[364][365] On 12 November 2023, Israeli security cabinet member Avi Dichter stated of the evacuation, "We're Rolling Out Nakba 2023."[366] On 13 November 2023, MKs Danny Danon and Ram Ben-Barak wrote an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal calling for "relocation programs" for Palestinians.[367] On 14 November 2023, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich stated he welcomed the "voluntary immigration of Gaza Arabs to the countries of the world."[368] In an op-ed in The Jerusalem Post, Israeli Intelligence Minister Gila Gamliel wrote that rather than "funneling money" to rebuild Gaza, the international community could instead resettle Gazans in "new host countries."[369] Settler groups held conferences to push for an Israeli resettlement of Gaza.[370]

The Direct Polls survey published in December 2023 found that 83% of Israelis supported encouraging the voluntary emigration of residents of the Gaza Strip.[371] On 27 December 2023, MK Avigdor Lieberman stated Israel should tear down the Gaza-Egyptian border, stating, "As soon as there is no obstacle there, I estimate one-and-a-half million Gazans will leave for Sinai and we will not disturb anyone".[372] On 31 December, Israeli Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich called for the removal of Palestinians from Gaza.[373] On 2 January 2024, Minister of National Security Itamar Ben-Gvir stated, "We will do what is best for the State of Israel: the migration of hundreds of thousands from Gaza".[374] Smotrich reiterated his call for expulsion again on 9 January.[375] On 15 January, Alon Davidi, the mayor of Sderot, stated, "If a million Gazans return to the northern Gaza Strip – that's a defeat."[376] On 22 February 2024, Netanyahu stated, "In the north, we have a simple goal – to return the residents."[377] In July 2024, the Israeli human rights organization B'tselem condemned Israel's Gaza City evacuation orders, calling them "absolute madness".[378]

In October 2024, senior Israeli officials stated that the Israeli government was ultimately seeking the annexation of large parts of the Gaza Strip.[379]

Palestinian response

In the first hours following Israel's northern evacuation orders, Gazan government officials recommended Gazans not to leave the north, urging those in affected areas to ignore the order and stay in their homes.[380][381] In a statement, the Interior Ministry of the Gaza Strip stated Israel sought to "displace us once again from our land."[382] The Hamas Authority for Refugee Affairs told residents in northern Gaza to "remain steadfast in your homes and to stand firm in the face of this disgusting psychological war waged by the occupation."[383] The Gaza Health Ministry noted it was impossible to evacuate the wounded from hospitals, stating, "We have a duty and a humanitarian mission, and we cannot evacuate hospitals and leave the wounded and sick to die."[384] Riyad al-Maliki, the Palestinian foreign minister, stated Israel sought to "bring to an end the Palestinian people's presence on what remains of its historical land."[385] The Palestinian UN ambassador stated Israeli operations made it clear their goal was forced displacement.[386] On 29 January, the Palestinian mission to the UN stated, "There is no place inhabitable in Gaza."[387]

On 9 February 2024, Riyad Mansour stated, Israel is "saying they're not allowing them to go to the north. They don't want them to stay in Rafah – it doesn't require a nuclear physicist to come to the conclusion that there is only one place for them to go, which is the Sinai Peninsula".[388] Speaking to Al Jazeera, one Palestinian civilian was quoted saying, "We are not ready to leave our land. I was born here, many of my ancestors were born here, and I am not ready to give it up."[389] In March 2024, Mariam Barghouti stated Palestinians were faced with a choice between suffering in Gaza or fleeing the territory, which was part of Israel's effort to depopulate Gaza.[390] In May 2024, an employee with Medical Aid for Palestinians described the multiple displacements as a "new type of war tactic, which can be described as geographical terror".[391] In July 2024, Gaza's government media office warned residents of Gaza City that complying with Israel's evacuation orders was a "death trap".[392] Palestinian civilians in Gaza stated they believed that Israel's evacuation orders were a form of pressure against the civilian population.[393]

International response

A spokesperson for the Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated Israel was obstructing aid from the Rafah Crossing as part of a "systematic policy aimed at pushing the Palestinians to leave the strip under the weight of bombing and siege."[394] Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry described the displacement of Palestinians in Gaza as a violation of international humanitarian law.[395] On 4 November 2023, Israel bombed the Jabalia refugee camp, leading Al Jazeera to remark Israel was "trying to eliminate all sources of survival for the civilian population to force the evacuation to the southern part of Gaza."[396] Following an airstrike on Nuseirat refugee camp on 21 November 2023, Egypt stated it believed the strike had "a clear objective, and that is to force Gaza's residents to leave the Strip."[397] The Jordanian Foreign Minister Ayman Safadi stated Israel's aim was "emptying Gaza of its population."[398] In October 2024, Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud stated, "A genocide is happening with the goal of evicting the Palestinian people from their land, which Saudi Arabia rejects".[399]

The Norwegian Refugee Council stated the UN Security Council had to prevent the forced displacement of civilians from the Gaza Strip.[400] Abdullah Alswaha stated the Saudi government rejected Israeli displacement attempts.[401] A leaked U.S. memo to the Israeli military in August 2024 urged them to change its system of mass evacuation orders.[402] Following Israel's order in October 2024 for the entire northern Gaza Strip to be evacuated, Doctors Without Borders warned that the order would only worsen the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza.[403] In October 2024, Amnesty International demanded Israel rescind its "cruel and unlawful" evacuation orders for northern Gaza during the siege of North Gaza.[404] Oxfam and 37 other international humanitarian organizations called the orders "forced displacement under gunfire".[405] Oxfam further stated that it was "impossible not to believe" that Israel's aim was the forced displacement of Palestinians from the Gaza Strip.[406]

In an editorial, the historian Lorenzo Kamel wrote Israel was "trying to close the circle of history" that began with the Nakba by "thinning" Gaza's population of Palestinians.[407]

Accusations of war crime

See also: War crimes in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war § Forced evacuation

Israel's evacuation order was characterized as a forcible population transfer by Jan Egeland, the Norwegian former diplomat involved with the Oslo Accord.[408] A "forcible transfer" is the forced relocation of a civilian population as part of an organized offense against it and is considered a crime against humanity by the International Criminal Court.[409] In an interview with the BBC, Egeland stated, "There are hundreds of thousands of people fleeing for their life — [that is] not something that should be called an evacuation. It is a forcible transfer of people from all of northern Gaza, which according to the Geneva Convention is a war crime."[408] UN Special rapporteur Francesca Albanese warned of a mass ethnic cleansing in Gaza.[410] Raz Segal, an Israeli historian and director of the Holocaust and Genocide Studies program at Stockton University, termed it a "textbook case of genocide."[411]

On 13 October 2023, a draft document prepared by Israel's Ministry of Intelligence proposed moving 2.3 million Palestinians from the Gaza Strip to Egypt's Sinai Peninsula.[412][413] On 8 November, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken stated there should be "no forcible displacement of Palestinians from Gaza."[414]

In March 2024, an investigation by Forensic Architecture found that Israel's evacuation orders had resulted in "displacement, fatalities, and genocidal acts", after they facilitated the evacuation of displaced civilians into active combat zones, and led to the redefinition of civilians unable to leave the evacuated zone into combatants.[415] In May 2024, Volker Türk addressed Israel's evacuation of Rafah, stating, "I can see no way that the latest evacuation orders, much less a full assault, in an area with an extremely dense presence of civilians, can be reconciled with the binding requirements of international humanitarian law and with the two sets of binding provisional measures ordered by the International Court of Justice".[416] At the ICJ, Blinne Ní Ghrálaigh quoted an IDF soldier in Gaza, stating Israel-ordered evacuation areas were treated as "extermination zones".[417]

In May 2024, a group of twenty major humanitarian aid organizations — including Amnesty International, ActionAid, Oxfam, and Mercy Corps — stated, "The Israeli military's "evacuation orders" are unlawful and amount to forcible transfer, a grave violation of international humanitarian law".[418]

Israeli humanitarian claims

The Israel Defense Forces stated the evacuation southward was for resident's safety in anticipation of an impending ground invasion of the Gaza Strip.[4] Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant called on Palestinians to leave the northern part of Gaza, including Gaza City, saying: "The camouflage of the terrorists is the civil population. Therefore, we need to separate them. So those who want to save their life, please go south."[419] The call for north Gaza residents to head south of the battle zone was characterized by a former Israeli officer as a "Humanitarian Exodus" to save as many lives as possible.[420] On October 15, Israel's chief military spokesman accused Hamas of trying to use civilians as human shields and issued a new appeal to Gaza residents to move south of the battle zone.[421]

An IDF officer told the New York Times that instead of the "roof knocking" policy, Israel is issuing mass evacuation orders and leaflets stating that "anyone who is near Hamas fighters will put their lives in danger."[422] On 21 October 2023, the Israeli army dropped more leaflets in Gaza with the message: "Urgent warning! To the residents of Gaza: your presence to the North of Wadi Gaza is putting your lives at risk. Anyone who chooses not to evacuate from the North of the Gaza Strip to the South of the Gaza Strip may be identified as a partner in a terrorist organization."[423][424]

The Jabalia refugee camp, which has been the target of Israeli strikes since 9 October 2023, was struck again on 31 October.[425] IDF spokesman Richard Hecht accused Hamas of "hiding, as they do, behind civilians"; when CNN host Wolf Blitzer reminded him that there were many innocent civilians in the camp, Hecht replied, "This is the tragedy of war" and said civilians should move south.[426]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In May 2024, UNOCHA estimated 78 percent of the entire Gaza Strip had been placed under Israeli evacuation orders.[6]
  2. ^ According to the United Nations, in August 2024 alone, Israel issued evacuation orders around every two days, displacing nearly 250,0000 people.[20][21]
  3. ^ The bombings coincided with the evacuation directive from Israel, urging more than a million residents from northern Gaza to move to the southern part of the territory.

References

  1. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "IDF says new map splitting Gaza into zones will help residents avoid combat areas". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  2. ^ a b c "Israel-Hamas war live updates: 70 killed after convoys of evacuees in Gaza hit by Israeli airstrikes". NBC News. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  3. ^
  4. ^ a b "Israeli military warns Gazans to relocate south for safety". The Jerusalem Post. October 13, 2023. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 6, 2023. The call to evacuate came ahead of an anticipated ground invasion of the Gaza Strip amid the ongoing war with Hamas.
  5. ^
  6. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #166 – OCHA". United Nations. OCHA. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  7. ^ Bhandari, Aditi; Dutta, Prasanta Kumar; Zafra, Mariano (2023-10-13). "Israeli military orders Gazans to leave northern half of territory". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-11-11. Retrieved 2023-11-11.
  8. ^ Mhawesh, Mohammed (14 October 2023). "'A second Nakba': Echoes of 1948, as Israel orders Palestinians to leave". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  9. ^ Ambrose, Tom; Fulton, Adam; Ambrose (now), Tom; Fulton (earlier), Adam (2023-11-04). "Israel-Hamas war live: Red Crescent warns of 'war crime' after ambulances hit in Gaza". the Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Archived from the original on 2023-11-04. Retrieved 2023-11-04.
  10. ^ a b Srivastava, Mehul; Joiner, Sam; Andringa, Peter (15 October 2023). "Did Israel bomb a civilian evacuation route in Gaza?". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 18 October 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
  11. ^ a b "Why is Israel attacking south Gaza after telling people to go there?". Reuters. 26 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  12. ^ "Photos: Palestinians fleeing to Khan Younis still face Israeli air attacks". Al Jazeera. 14 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-10-14. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  13. ^
  14. ^ "As Israel's Aerial Bombardments Intensify, 'There Is No Safe Place in Gaza', Humanitarian Affairs Chief Warns Security Council". UN Press. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  15. ^ "The Israel-Hamas war in maps: latest updates". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  16. ^ Besheer, Margaret (4 December 2023). "UN Chief Alarmed at Resumption, Spread of Gaza Fighting". VOA. Archived from the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  17. ^ Zilber, Zeri (December 2023). "Israel plans for 'long war' and aims to kill top three Hamas leaders". Financial Times. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  18. ^
  19. ^ "Proliferating evacuation orders sow chaos, confusion in Gaza". France24. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  20. ^ Burke, Jason. "People in Gaza forced to stay in areas at risk of Israeli attack as 'safe zone' full". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
  21. ^ Frankel, Julia. "Israeli evacuation orders cram Palestinians into shrinking 'humanitarian zone' where food is scarce". Associated Press. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  22. ^ Shotter, James. "Israel 'starting to implement' north Gaza starvation plan, say rights groups". Financial Times. Retrieved 19 October 2024.
  23. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv. "Israeli Defense Officials: Gov't Pushing Aside Hostage Deal, Eyeing Gaza Annexation". Haaretz. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  24. ^ Sultany, Nimer (9 May 2024). "A Threshold Crossed: On Genocidal Intent and the Duty to Prevent Genocide in Palestine". Journal of Genocide Research: 1–26. doi:10.1080/14623528.2024.2351261.
  25. ^ Lawal, Shola. "Can South Africa's ICJ case against Israel stop war in Gaza?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 13 August 2024.
  26. ^ Hassan, Ahmed Mohamed (11 October 2023). "Egypt discusses Gaza aid, rejects corridors for civilians, say sources". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-10-15. Retrieved 2023-10-15 – via www.reuters.com.
  27. ^ Graham-Harrison, Emma; McKernan, Bethan; Michaelson, Ruth; McKernan, Emma Graham-Harrison Bethan (October 14, 2023). "Israeli airstrikes hit northern Gaza as Palestinians try to leave". The Guardian. Archived from the original on October 14, 2023. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
  28. ^ Yeung, Jessie (14 October 2023). "Israel warns of new phase in war on Hamas, as Gaza civilians flee and Israeli troops gather near border". CNN. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  29. ^ Ayyoub, Loay (14 October 2023). "Hundreds of thousands flee south in Gaza after Israel orders evacuation". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  30. ^ Khaled, Mai (1 November 2023). "Egypt allows first evacuee departures from Gaza". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  31. ^ Fabian, Emanuel (8 November 2023). "Thousands of Gazans use humanitarian corridor to move south as IDF presses offensive". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  32. ^ a b Khaled, Mai; Saleh, Heba (9 November 2023). "'We can't go south': the Gaza residents defying Israel's order to evacuate". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  33. ^ "Some 50,000 Gazans flee south in a single day, Israeli army says". France24. 8 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  34. ^ Salman, Abeer (8 November 2023). "'Nothing is left': Thousands of Palestinians flee south as Israel steps up Gaza City offensive". CNN. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  35. ^ a b c Shurafa, Wafa (7 November 2023). "Civilians fleeing northern Gaza's combat zone report a terrifying journey on foot past Israeli tanks". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  36. ^ Yee, Vivian (8 November 2023). "Tens of Thousands Flee Northern Gaza Strip, as Israel's Invasion Advances". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  37. ^ "Israel says more than 100,000 Palestinians have fled southwards". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  38. ^ "UN says lives of children in Gaza 'hanging on by a thread'". Al Jazeera. 11 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  39. ^ "Israeli army announces evacuation corridor, temporary halt in fighting in Jabalia". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  40. ^ "No humanitarian pauses on streets leading to Salah al-Din Street". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  41. ^ "The non-governmental humanitarian organization CARE International has released the following statement on the deteriorating humanitarian situation in Gaza, calling it "unrecognisable."". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  42. ^ "The ICRC urges protection for Gaza civilians evacuating and staying behind". International Committee of the Red Cross. 12 November 2023. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.
  43. ^ Khoudary, Hind (12 November 2023). "I Joined Gaza's Trail of Tears and Displacement". The Intercept. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  44. ^ "Israeli troops detaining displaced people trying to flee: UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  45. ^ "'Shocking moments' as civilians make 11km trek to south". Al Jazeera. 16 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  46. ^ "Hundreds of thousands still live in Gaza City and North Gaza: PCBS". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  47. ^ "Men, Women being separated at Salah al-Din road checkpoint". The New Arab. 18 November 2023. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023. According to journalist Jihad Abu Shanab who spoke to Al Jazeera "Israeli occupying forces set up a checkpoint where men are denied access to the south, while women are allowed to leave."
  48. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel". United Nations. OCHA. 14 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  49. ^ "Gaza: MS condemns deliberate deadly attack on convoy of staff and family members". Doctors Without Borders. 18 November 2023. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  50. ^ Srivastava, Mehul (21 November 2023). "Israel's government meets as Joe Biden says Hamas hostage deal is close". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 23 November 2023. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  51. ^ Russell, Catherine (22 November 2023). "UNICEF Executive Director Catherine Russell's remarks at the UN Security Council briefing on the protection of children in Gaza". UNICEF. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  52. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel". Relief Web. UNOCHA. 24 November 2023 [23 November 2023]. Archived from the original on 24 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  53. ^ Abu Riash, Abdelhakim. "In Pictures: 'Saw death in every colour': Palestinians fleeing north Gaza recount horror". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  54. ^ Mousa, Aseel (26 November 2023). "'Soldiers started shooting at my feet': Palestinians describe fleeing northern Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  55. ^ Alsaafin, Linah; Humaid, Maram (3 December 2023). "'Death corridor': The al-Samounis recall terror of 'safe passage' in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  56. ^ "Israeli army issues instructions to take shelter". Al Jazeera. 22 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  57. ^ "Israel announces closure of 'humanitarian corridor' and opening of a new one". Al Jazeera. 4 January 2024. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  58. ^ "Palestinians along Gaza City coastline told to flee". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  59. ^ "Israel orders 88,000 displaced Palestinians to evacuate Gaza City: UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 31 January 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  60. ^ Pezzano, Luciano (4 January 2024). "The Obligation to Prevent Genocide in South Africa v. Israel: Finally a Duty with Global Scope?". Blog of the European Journal of International Law. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 12 January 2024. Regarding its jus standi, South Africa points out not only the erga omnes partes character of the obligations under the Convention (according to the ICJ's case law) but also its own obligations: "Given that South Africa's claim concerns its own obligations as a State party to the Genocide Convention to act to prevent genocide –to which Israel's acts and omissions give rise– South Africa plainly has standing in relation thereto" (Application, para. 16).
  61. ^ "Israel's evacuation orders cover two-thirds of Gaza: OCHA". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  62. ^ "Israel launches new operation to 'clear' Gaza City, empty all humanitarian shelters: Monitors". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  63. ^ "Israeli military constructing road to divide Gaza's north from south: Monitors". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024. Retrieved 21 February 2024.
  64. ^ "Israel orders evacuation from Zeitoun, Turkmen districts". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 22 February 2024. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  65. ^ "Palestinians in northern Gaza forced to flee by foot". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  66. ^ "Israeli army orders more evacuations in northern Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  67. ^ "Palestinians mark 76 years of their dispossession as more catastrophe unfolds in Gaza". Associated Press. 15 May 2024. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
  68. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Casualties mount in Jabalia after evacuation zone 'targeted'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  69. ^ "Six Palestinians killed as Israeli forces pound southern, northern Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  70. ^ "Palestinians have nowhere left to shelter". United Nations. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  71. ^ "UN describes chaos of civilians fleeing Israeli offensive in northern Gaza". Associated Press. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  72. ^ Bennett, Tom. "Israel military tells Gaza City residents to leave". BBC. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  73. ^ Tondo, Lorenzo. "Palestinians told to leave Gaza City as Israel steps up offensive". The Guardian. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  74. ^ Abdulrahim, Raja; Fuller, Thomas. "Many in Gaza City Ignore Israeli Military's Calls to Evacuate". The New York Times. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  75. ^ "Israeli military issues evacuation order in Gaza City". Voice of America. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  76. ^ "Forced displacement in Gaza persists, Palestinian UN envoy says". The New Arab. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  77. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Fighting in southern Gaza, Israeli strikes hit central areas". Reuters. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  78. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Israeli army issues new evacuation orders in north Gaza after rocket fire". Reuters. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  79. ^ "Palestinians worry about safety as Israel tells people in and around Maghazi refugee camp to leave". YouTube. Associated Press. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  80. ^ "Israel issues new evacuation orders, families refuse to be forcibly displaced from north". YouTube. Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  81. ^ "Thousands flee as Israel orders evacuations in Gaza's Deir el-Balah". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 September 2024.
  82. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Gaza ceasefire hopes dim, families flee after new evacuation orders". Reuters. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
  83. ^ Tondo, Lorenzo. "Benjamin Netanyahu considering mass clearance of northern Gaza". The Guardian. Retrieved 6 October 2024.
  84. ^ Bob, Yonah Jeremy. "IDF expands northern Gaza evacuations, declares 'closed zone'". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
  85. ^ Keller-Lynn, Carrie. "Israel Launches New Offensive in Northern Gaza, Orders Mass Evacuation". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  86. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "'The army is systematically working to empty northern Gaza'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  87. ^ Abdulrahim, Raja (15 October 2023). "Gaza's Hospitals Face 'Impossible' Choices With Israel Evacuation Order". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  88. ^ "MSF: Israeli order to evacuate northern Gaza 'outrageous'". Doctors Without Borders - USA. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  89. ^ "WHO pleads for immediate reversal of Gaza evacuation order to protect health and reduce suffering". www.who.int. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  90. ^ "Time is running out for children in Gaza—UNICEF". www.unicef.org. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  91. ^ "Occupied Palestinian Territory: The IRC calls for protection of civilians and upholding of International Humanitarian Law | International Rescue Committee (IRC)". www.rescue.org. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  92. ^ "WHO concerned about warnings to evacuate Al-Quds Hospital in northern Gaza Strip". The Straits Times. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  93. ^ Lowe, Yohannes; Hall, Rachel; Ratcliffe, Rebecca (29 October 2023). "Israel-Hamas war live: WHO 'deeply concerned' by report of evacuation warning to Gaza's al-Quds hospital". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 29 October 2023.
  94. ^ Jobain, Najib; Kullab, Samya (15 October 2023). "UN shelters in besieged Gaza run out of water as Israeli ground offensive looms". PBS. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  95. ^ a b Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (17 October 2023). "Attack on Gaza hospital 'unprecedented' in scale, WHO says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 18 October 2023.
  96. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (17 October 2023). "Hundreds killed at Gaza hospital amid conflicting claims". Reuters. Archived from the original on 17 October 2023.
  97. ^ a b "Al-Shifa director says medical staff will stay with patients until 'last moment'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  98. ^ Khalid, Tuqa (2023-11-12). "Israel army: Allowing civilian passage from al-Shifa, al-Rantisi, al-Nasser hospitals". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 2023-11-12. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  99. ^ "Dutch foreign minister says her country 'discussing' bringing wounded Palestinian children to Netherlands". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  100. ^ Stroehlein, Andrew (13 November 2023). "Gaza's Hospitals and the Laws of War". Human Rights Watch. Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  101. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (15 November 2023). "Israel raids Gaza's Al Shifa Hospital, urges Hamas to surrender". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-11-15. Retrieved 15 November 2023.
  102. ^ Kekatos, Mary. "3 northern Gaza hospitals say they are being ordered to evacuate, putting patients at risk". ABC News. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  103. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "Medical teams flee hospitals in northern Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  104. ^ Jack, Jeffery; Federman, Josef (21 November 2023). "Israeli Cabinet approves cease-fire with Hamas that includes release of some 50 hostages". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 22 November 2023.
  105. ^ "2 Palestinians killed, 11 wounded trying to reach north Gaza despite IDF warnings". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  106. ^ "Israeli troops fire at Palestinians attempting to return to northern Gaza during cease-fire". PBS. Associated Press. 24 November 2023. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  107. ^ "Israel warns Palestinians not to return to Northern Gaza". Hindustan Times. 26 November 2023. Archived from the original on 27 November 2023. Retrieved 27 November 2023.
  108. ^ MacDonald, Alex (29 November 2023). "Five dead babies discovered in Gaza hospital". Middle East Eye. Archived from the original on 2023-11-29. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  109. ^ "Abandoned babies found decomposing in Gaza hospital weeks after it was evacuated". NBC News. 2023-12-02. Archived from the original on 2023-12-04. Retrieved 2023-12-05.
  110. ^ Mhawish, Mohammed R. "'We lost hope. We lost everything': Gaza City residents struggle to cope". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  111. ^ "Palestinians not to be allowed back in northern Gaza until all captives freed: Israel's Gallant". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  112. ^ "Return of displaced Palestinians to northern Gaza not something Israel will 'allow': Report". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  113. ^ Al-Sawalhi, Mohammad; Salman, Abeer; Khadder, Kareem; Saifi, Zeena (14 April 2024). "Thousands of Palestinians attempt to return home to northern Gaza, but face Israeli fire". Yahoo! News. CNN. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  114. ^ Debre, Isabel (13 October 2023). "Palestinians flee northern Gaza after Israel orders 1 million to evacuate as ground attack looms". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  115. ^ "70 killed after Israeli strikes hit three convoys of evacuees trying to leave northern Gaza". X. Post by MSNBC. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  116. ^
  117. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (2023-10-15). "Palestinians fleeing to the south find no escape from danger". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-11-13. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  118. ^ "Hamas seen blocking evacuation routes in Gaza - IDF". The Jerusalem Post | JPost.com. 2023-10-15. Archived from the original on 2023-10-15. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  119. ^ "Hamas tells Gaza residents to stay put as Israel ground offensive looms". Reuters. October 13, 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  120. ^ "Hamas plans to use Gaza civilians as human shields during IDF attack". tvpworld.com. 2023-10-15. Archived from the original on 2023-10-15. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  121. ^ "Hamas Tells Civilians Not to Evacuate to the South". WSJ. Archived from the original on 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  122. ^ "Many Gaza residents remain trapped in the north after short evacuation window". npr. Archived from the original on 2023-11-12. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  123. ^ Aitken, Peter (2023-10-27). "Hamas preventing Gaza residents from fleeing to safety, Palestinian activist says". Fox News. Archived from the original on 2023-11-11. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  124. ^ "IDF: Gaza resident says Hamas preventing evacuations; thousands return north". Archived from the original on 2023-11-03. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  125. ^ "Gaza's desperate civilians flee or huddle in hopes of safety, as warnings of Israeli offensive mount". AP News. 2023-10-14. Archived from the original on 2023-10-14. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  126. ^ Ganzeveld, Annika. "Iran Update, August 16, 2024". Critical Threats Project. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  127. ^
  128. ^ "70 people, mostly women and children, killed in Israeli strikes on Gaza's fleeing convoys, Hamas says". PBS News. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  129. ^ "Israel claims Hamas is blocking Palestinians from leaving northern Gaza, as terrorists say IDF strike killed 70 refugees". LBC. Archived from the original on 2023-10-14. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  130. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Davison, John (15 October 2023). "Israel prepares ground assault on Gaza as Palestinians flee". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-11-11. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  131. ^ "Scores killed in Israeli air strikes on families fleeing northern Gaza". Middle East Eye. 13 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-10-14. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  132. ^ "Israeli attack kills 14 fleeing south: Gaza health officials". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
  133. ^ Vinall, Frances; Berger, Miriam. "People fleeing on road south hit by deadly explosions, U.N. says". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  134. ^ "العدوان الإسرائيلي Video appears to show an Israeli tank firing at a car in Gaza =". NBC. 30 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-11-15. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
  135. ^ ElSayed, Youmna. "Israeli forces fire on civilian vehicles evacuating Gaza City". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  136. ^ "More on the Israeli tank attack near Gaza City". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  137. ^ "Video shows Israeli military opening fire as civilians flee Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  138. ^ Zitun, Yoav (7 November 2023). "Waving white flags, Gaza civilians evacuate through humanitarian corridor secured by IDF tank". Ynetnews. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  139. ^ "Thousands more flee northern Gaza as Israeli forces push on Gaza City". BBC News. 7 November 2023. Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  140. ^ "Video likely shows Gaza civilians shot by Hamas as they were trying to evacuate to safety". Ynetnews. 4 November 2023. Archived from the original on 9 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  141. ^ "Israeli forces open fire on car with people fleeing to Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  142. ^ "Palestinians come under fire as they flee Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  143. ^ "Israeli snipers accused of attacking fleeing civilians in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  144. ^ van der Merwe, Ben; Olive, Michelle Inez; Enokido-Lineham, Simon. "Israel said Gazans could flee to this neighbourhood - then it was hit". Sky News. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  145. ^ Stein, Robin; Willis, Haley; Jhaveri, Ishaan; Miller, Danielle; Byrd, Aaron; Reneau, Natalie (22 December 2023). "Visual Evidence Shows Israel Dropped 2,000-Pound Bombs Where It Ordered Gaza's Civilians to Move for Safety". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  146. ^ Tacchi, Jake (21 December 2023). "Israel struck some areas it directed civilians to in Gaza, CNN analysis shows". CNN. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  147. ^ a b c d Albanese 2024, p. 20.
  148. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel - reported impact". United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory. 28 October 2023.
  149. ^ Grasso, Daniele; Pomeda, Yolanda Clemente; Pita, Antonio (22 January 2024). "25,000 deaths in Gaza: Why the destruction of this war exceeds that of other major conflicts". EL PAÍS English.
  150. ^ "Israel launches air strikes in central, southern Gaza: interior ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  151. ^ "IDF says it is 'close to dismantling' Hamas military system in north Gaza". The Jerusalem Post. 17 November 2023. Archived from the original on 17 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  152. ^ Sherlock, Ruth. "Israel told Palestinians to evacuate to southern Gaza — and stepped up attacks there". NPR. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  153. ^ Srivastava, Mehul; Schwartz, Felicia. "Israeli forces advance in Gaza City as Benjamin Netanyahu resists ceasefire calls". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  154. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "Israel continues to pound Rafah district, once considered 'a safe zone'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  155. ^ van der Merwe, Ben; Simon, Michelle Inez; Enokido-Lineham, Olive. "Israel said Gazans could flee to this neighbourhood - then it was hit". Sky News. Archived from the original on 22 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  156. ^ "Gaza gov't office says Israel repeatedly bombing people in 'safe' areas". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  157. ^ "Israeli army committing 'massacres' in 'safe' areas: Gaza media office". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  158. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Overnight air strikes hit 'safe' areas of Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
  159. ^ "Israel steps up strikes on Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  160. ^ "UN Human Rights Office: Israeli attacks placing civilians at serious risk in Deir el-Balah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  161. ^ "Israeli shelling near hospital kills and wounds 40: Gaza government". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 11 January 2024.
  162. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Another night of intense bombardment in Khan Younis, Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 January 2024. Retrieved 18 January 2024.
  163. ^ "Israeli forces target 30,000 displaced in Gaza in 5 shelters". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  164. ^ @ForensicArchi (January 22, 2024). "We geolocated a video circulated this morning, showing the movement of IOF tanks within the designated humanitarian zone of Al-Mawasi in South Gaza" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  165. ^ "Gaza authorities report 'heinous massacre' in Deir el-Balah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  166. ^ "Eight Palestinians including children killed while fetching water". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 24 May 2024.
  167. ^ Shurafa, Wafaa. "Strike kills family as Israeli evacuation order sparks panicked flight from southern Gaza city". Associated Press. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  168. ^ "Humanitarian Situation Update #203 Gaza Strip". OCHA. United Nations. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  169. ^ "Israel designates Al-Mawasi a safe zone in Gaza. Palestinians and aid groups say it offers little relief". South China Morning Post. Associated Press. 8 December 2023. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  170. ^ Thomas, Merlyn (8 December 2023). "Al-Mawasi: Gaza humanitarian zone not humane, evacuees say". BBC. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  171. ^ "Palestinians, aid groups say Israel-designated safe zone in Gaza offers little relief". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  172. ^ "UN: Although 'humanitarian zone', Al-Mawasi being shelled". The New Arab. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  173. ^ "'Focused and precise operations,' says Israel army chief". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
  174. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "More death and destruction from overnight Israeli strikes". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  175. ^ "UN official describes lack of water, sanitation, food and medicine in southern Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 15 January 2024.
  176. ^ "Israeli army claims to kill 5 Palestinian fighters". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 January 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  177. ^ Chao-Fong, Léonie; Lowe, Yohannes; Davies, Caroline; Fulton, Adam (22 January 2024). "Israeli troops have stormed al-Khair hospital and arrested medical staff - Gaza health ministry spokesperson". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  178. ^ "'My daughter beside me was burned', mother recounts Israeli attack on Khan Younis tent". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  179. ^ "Another shelter camp set up in Mawasi, Khan Younis". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  180. ^ "Six Palestinians killed in Khan Younis area as fighting rages". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 6 February 2024. Retrieved 7 February 2024.
  181. ^ "Two injured in Khan Younis attack: Red Crescent". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 25 February 2024.
  182. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Al-Mawasi, a 'safe zone', attacked for third time by Israel". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  183. ^ "Israeli air strike in southern Gaza kills family of human rights worker". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024.
  184. ^ "Gaza health ministry says Israeli raid on tent kills 12". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  185. ^ "Israeli military says continuing 'precise operations' against fighters in al-Shifa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  186. ^ "Israel bombs houses in Rafah, at least three killed: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 1 April 2024.
  187. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "Situation in al-Mawasi 'extremely dangerous'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  188. ^ Shurafa, Wafaa. "Israeli strikes on tent camps near Rafah kill at least 25 Palestinians, Gaza health officials say". PBS. Associated Press. Retrieved 4 July 2024.
  189. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Israeli strikes across Gaza kill at least 57, Palestinian health officials say". Reuters. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  190. ^ Salhani, Justin. "Why does Israel step up its attacks when Gaza ceasefire talks advance?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  191. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "'Southern Gaza turning into a large concentration camp'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  192. ^ "Thousands stream out of northern Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  193. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "New evacuees sleeping on the road in southern Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  194. ^ ElSayed, Youmna. "Conditions at hospitals in the south also dire". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  195. ^ "Living conditions for displaced in south Gaza 'primitive'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  196. ^ Deng, Chao (4 December 2023). "Palestinians Face Harrowing Hunt for Safety as War Intensifies". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  197. ^ Shotter, James. "Humanitarian system in Gaza on verge of collapse, says UN chief". Financial Times. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  198. ^ DeBre, Isabel (8 December 2023). "Bloodshed, fear, hunger, desperation: Palestinians try to survive war's new chapter in southern Gaza". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  199. ^ Amer, Ruwaida. "Gaza's al-Fukhari is dangerously overcrowded as Israel pushes people south". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  200. ^ Saleh, Heba; Khaled, Mai. "'Catastrophic' conditions in Rafah as Palestinians reach the end of the line". Financial Times. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  201. ^ "Disease spreading in Rafah". The New Arab. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  202. ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. "Gaza faces public health disaster, UN humanitarian office says". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2023-12-13. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  203. ^ "Today's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Ukraine". UNOCHA. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  204. ^ "Hostilities in the Gaza Strip and Israel Flash Update #74". ReliefWeb. UNOCHA. 20 December 2023. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  205. ^ "'Everyone in Gaza is hungry': UN agencies". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  206. ^ "Rafah infrastructure 'cannot handle' 1.3 million residents, displaced". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  207. ^ "Footage shows conditions inside makeshift camps in Gaza's Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 17 January 2024.
  208. ^ "UNICEF official describes tents 'as far as the eye can see' in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 19 January 2024.
  209. ^ "Fighting 'threatens survival' of 1.5 million people trapped in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 26 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  210. ^ "Israeli rights group draws attention to freezing conditions in Gaza's tent cities". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  211. ^ "Over 30,000 displaced in Khan Younis without water or food: Health Ministry". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  212. ^ al-Shaer, Hani. "Plight of those forced to flee without their belongings". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  213. ^ "Norwegian refugee agency chief 'shocked' by conditions in Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 March 2024. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  214. ^ "In historic move, a Palestinian state recognized by Spain, Ireland and Norway". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 1 June 2024.
  215. ^ "Water distribution strained in al-Mawasi: UNRWA". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2 June 2024.
  216. ^ "Children unfed all day, thousands for one toilet in Gaza: Oxfam". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 14 June 2024.
  217. ^ Yazbek, Hiba. "In Gaza Camps Where Tents Are Now a Luxury, a Harsh Winter Looms". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  218. ^ Srivastava, Mehul; Abboud, Leila; Schwartz, Felicia. "Israel signals operations in southern Gaza after hospital raid". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 16 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  219. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Israeli forces drop leaflets on southern Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 16 November 2023.
  220. ^ al-Mughrabi, Nidal; Mackenzie, James (18 November 2023). "Israel tells Palestinians to leave city in southern Gaza". Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  221. ^ Khaled, Mai; Saleh, Heba; Shotter, James (18 November 2023). "Hundreds of patients flee Gaza's al-Shifa hospital". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  222. ^ "UN Chiefs Reject Unilateral Proposals To Create 'Safe Zones' In Gaza". Barron's. Agence France Presse. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  223. ^ "Humanitarian chiefs will not take part in unilateral proposals to create "safe zones" in Gaza - Statement by Principals of the Inter-Agency Standing Committee". United Nations Development Program. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  224. ^ Alkhaldi, Celine (December 2023). "Israeli military releases new evacuation map for "next stage of the war"". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  225. ^ Brennan, Eve (December 2023). "Displaced people in southern Gaza react to IDF leaflet telling them to evacuate to Rafah". CNN. Archived from the original on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  226. ^ Cornish, Chloe (2 December 2023). "Israel and Hamas resume fighting after ceasefire expires". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  227. ^ "IDF urges Gaza residents to evacuate northern combat hotspots". Ynetnews. 2 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  228. ^ Khaled, Mai (2 December 2023). "Shattered Israel-Hamas truce leaves Gaza's civilians with nowhere left to run". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  229. ^ "Israel warns Palestinians in Gaza to flee – but to where?". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  230. ^ "Israeli army calls on Khan Younis residents to flee certain zones". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  231. ^ Jobain, Najib. "Israel orders more people in crowded southern Gaza to evacuate as heavy bombardment shifts there". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023.
  232. ^ "Disease spreading as 1.8 million people squeezed in area the 'size of an airport'". The Business Standard. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  233. ^ Cornish, Chloe. "Israeli forces in 'most intense' day of ground war as it enters Hamas strongholds". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  234. ^ "Israel orders Gazans to flee, bombs where it sends them". Reuters. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  235. ^ "Israel says troops are in centre of Khan Younis". BBC. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  236. ^ "Displaced Palestinians in Rafah expected to rise to one million: UNRWA spokesman". Longview News-Journal. 5 December 2023. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  237. ^ Cornish, Chloe; Khaled, Mai. "Israel defends high-tech evacuation plan amid rising Gaza death toll". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  238. ^ Yee, Vivian (4 December 2023). "Israel, Expanding Offensive, Tells More Gazans to Evacuate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 6 December 2023. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
  239. ^ "Gazans say IDF dropped leaflets with Quran verse about flood carrying away 'wrongdoers'". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  240. ^ Lonsdorf, Kat. "Israel's map and evacuation messages for Gaza are adding to the chaos". NPR. Archived from the original on 9 December 2023. Retrieved 9 December 2023.
  241. ^ "Israeli forces battle Palestinian militants in south Gaza". France24. 10 December 2023. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  242. ^ "Israel orders Gaza civilians to flee centre of Khan Younis as tanks approach". BBC. 11 December 2023. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
  243. ^ Fulton, Adam; Chao-Fong, Léonie; Ambrose, Tom; Abdul, Geneva (21 December 2023). "Israel orders new evacuations from Khan Younis, says UN". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 December 2023. Retrieved 21 December 2023.
  244. ^ "Israel continues to bombard southern Gaza despite new evacuation order". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  245. ^ "Israel orders evacuation to Deir el-Balah, 150,000 people affected: UNRWA director". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  246. ^ Humaid, Maram. "Israel orders 'death corridor' evacuation for Palestinians in central Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 23 December 2023. Retrieved 23 December 2023.
  247. ^ McKernan, Bethan (25 December 2023). "Israeli airstrikes kill more than 100 as assault on Gaza widens". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 26 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  248. ^ "Life on the run: Terrified Gaza people on the move". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  249. ^ Humaid, Maram. "New wave of displacement as Palestinians flee from central Gaza Strip". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 5 January 2024. Retrieved 5 January 2024.
  250. ^ "Israeli jets drop fake 'newspapers' across central Gaza slamming Hamas". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  251. ^ Abdulrahim, Raja. "Israel Orders New Evacuations, Forcing Gazans to Flee Again". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  252. ^ Kim, Victoria (24 January 2024). "Israel Orders Evacuation of Packed Gaza Area With 2 Major Hospitals". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 January 2024. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
  253. ^ "Shooting Into Crowd Kills 20 in North Gaza, Combat in the South Displaces Thousands". U.S. News and World Report. Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2024-01-26. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  254. ^ "Israeli forces call on residents of Khan Younis to leave their homes". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024.
  255. ^ "'They besieged us, so we fled': Civilians leave Khan Younis amid Israeli attacks". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 28 January 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2024.
  256. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "More waves of evacuees reaching Rafah, last remaining place for Palestinians". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  257. ^ "Scenes of forcibly displaced 'disgrace to humanity': Palestine". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  258. ^ "Fleeing Palestinians attacked trying to escape Khan Younis 'horror'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 29 January 2024.
  259. ^ "UNRWA forced to leave Khan Younis, says agency's Gaza chief". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2024.
  260. ^ "Today's top news: Occupied Palestinian Territory, Ukraine, Myanmar". OCHA. United Nations. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  261. ^ Harb, Ali. "Israeli forces urging evacuation of Nasser Hospital: Physician". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  262. ^ "Residents trapped in Khan Younis's Hamad City and al-Qarara appeal for evacuation". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 3 March 2024. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
  263. ^ Jahjouh, Mohammed. "Israel orders Palestinians to flee Khan Younis, signaling likely new assault on southern Gaza city". Associated Press. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  264. ^ Usher, Sebastian. "Palestinians flee Khan Younis as Israeli forces strike south Gaza". BBC. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  265. ^ "Thousands flee southern Gaza as Israel mounts new assault". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  266. ^ Nichols, Michelle. "UN says Israel evacuation order largest in Gaza since October". Reuters. Retrieved 2 July 2024.
  267. ^ Timsit, Annabelle. "Israel orders Palestinians to evacuate parts of Khan Younis once again". The Washington Post. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  268. ^ "Desperate Gazans sleep outside after new Israeli evacuation order". France24. Retrieved 12 July 2024.
  269. ^ "250,000 set to be displaced by new Khan Younis escalation". UN News. United Nations. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  270. ^ Farge, Emma. "Patients, medics flee south Gaza hospital after evacuation orders, WHO says". Reuters. Retrieved 13 July 2024.
  271. ^ Mpoke Bigg, Matthew. "Israel Orders New Evacuation in Gaza as Aid Workers Say Bombing Kills Dozens". The New York Times. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  272. ^ Salman, Abeer. "Dozens killed and thousands flee as Israel shrinks 'humanitarian zone' in Gaza". CNN. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  273. ^ "At least 30 killed in Israeli strike on school, Gaza health officials say". Voice of America. Reuters. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  274. ^ "More than 180,000 displaced from Gaza's Khan Younis in four days, UN says". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  275. ^ Tantesh, Malak A. "'Like judgment day': evacuees tell of fleeing Israel's assault on Khan Younis". The Guardian. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  276. ^ Amer, Ruwaida. "In July came the evacuation orders. We had one option – a bombed Gaza flat". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  277. ^ "Displaced Palestinians sleep on steps of Gaza's Nasser Hospital". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  278. ^ "Thousands of displaced Palestinians return to eastern Khan Younis after Israeli offensive". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  279. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Israeli forces quit east Khan Younis, Palestinians recover dozens of bodies". Reuters. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  280. ^ "Israel orders more Gaza evacuations after school strike kills over 90". The New Arab. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  281. ^ "Israel orders more evacuations in southern Gaza after latest deadly strike kills scores". Euro News. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  282. ^ "Israel orders new evacuation in southern Gaza's Khan Younis". EFE. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  283. ^ "Israel shrugs off school-strike critics to issue new Gaza evacuation order". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  284. ^ Srivastava, Mehul. "Israel orders more Gaza evacuations after school strike kills 80". Financial Times. Retrieved 17 August 2024.
  285. ^ "Occupied Palestinian Territory, Lebanon, Ukraine, Sudan". OCHA. United Nations. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  286. ^ "New Israeli evacuation order further reduces humanitarian safety zone: UN". Xinhua. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
  287. ^ McKernan, Bethan. "Thousands flee Khan Younis after Israel warns of new offensive". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  288. ^ Fabian, Emanuel. "Defense minister vows IDF will push south to Rafah as Khan Younis offensive wraps up". The Times of Israel. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  289. ^ Wintour, Patrick (2023-11-02). "Why Egypt has not fully opened its Gaza border for fleeing Palestinians". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-05-06.
  290. ^ "Israeli defence minister says forces will push on to Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 1 February 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2024.
  291. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "In overcrowded Rafah, displaced Palestinians in disbelief over Israel's planned offensive". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  292. ^ "Gallant comments on Rafah 'sets off alarm bells'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024.
  293. ^ Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle. "Rafah is 'pressure cooker of despair' as Gazans flee south - UN agency". Reuters. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  294. ^ "'Level of panic' rises after Israel vows to target Rafah city". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  295. ^ "Palestinian ministry warns of consequences if Rafah is attacked: Report". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  296. ^ "NRC says 'no option' for people in Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  297. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Palestinians brace for Rafah assault, Israel promises evacuation". Reuters. Archived from the original on 2024-02-10. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  298. ^ Abubaker, Abed. "'People are horrified': Palestinians flee Rafah for Deir el-Balah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 February 2024. Retrieved 11 February 2024.
  299. ^ "Human Rights Watch 'deeply alarmed' about Rafah invasion plan". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 11 February 2024. Retrieved 12 February 2024.
  300. ^ "Netanyahu promises 'safe passage' to Palestinians ahead of Rafah operation". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 13 February 2024. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
  301. ^ "UNRWA reports outbreaks of hepatitis A, alarmingly high rates of diarrhoea in Rafah". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  302. ^ "There is no safe place for Palestinians to evacuate to from Rafah: PRCS". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  303. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "Rafah is a massive shelter with children and elderly unable to evacuate". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 February 2024. Retrieved 14 February 2024.
  304. ^ Gecsoyler, Sammy (13 February 2024). "UN would not cooperate with any forced Rafah evacuation". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  305. ^ "Biden wants to see a Rafah evacuation plan, says Israeli foreign minister". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  306. ^ Osseiran, Hashem. "Rafah Evacuations Not 'Possible' Under Current Conditions: Red Cross". Barron's. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  307. ^ "Tent compound rises in southern Gaza as Israel prepares for Rafah offensive". Associated Press. 23 April 2024. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  308. ^ Madhani, Aamer (3 May 2024). "Israel has briefed US on plan to evacuate Palestinian civilians ahead of potential Rafah operation". Associated Press. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  309. ^ Ni, Vincent. "Israel's army tells Palestinians to evacuate parts of Rafah". NPR. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  310. ^ "Thousands of Palestinians begin evacuating Rafah as army warns of incursion". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 7 May 2024.
  311. ^ "Israel going ahead with Rafah operation as hostage talks continue, Netanyahu says". CBC. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  312. ^ "UN pledges to stand with Gazans in Rafah; Guterres says ceasefire opportunity 'cannot be missed'". UN News. United Nations. 6 May 2024. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  313. ^ Morris, Loveday. "Israel orders more Rafah evacuations, expanding military operation". The Washington Post. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  314. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Evacuees forced to take different routes amid bombardment". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  315. ^ Mahmoud, Hani. "Deir el-Balah running out of space, resources as thousands pour in". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  316. ^ "As Rafah needs rise, humanitarian response forced to 'scrape the bottom of the barrel'". UNICEF. United Nations. Retrieved 15 May 2024.
  317. ^ "UN says over half a million people flee fighting in Gaza; Israel marks Independence Day". Associated Press. 14 May 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  318. ^ "800,000 people flee Rafah without safe options amid Israeli military". VOA. 18 May 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  319. ^ Baba, Anas. "Nearly 1 million Palestinians are fleeing Rafah and northern Gaza". NPR. Retrieved 25 May 2024.
  320. ^ Choukeir, Jana. "UNRWA says around 1 million people have fled Rafah in past 3 weeks". Reuters. Retrieved 29 May 2024.
  321. ^ Khoudary, Hind. "Israel forces 'invading deeper' into Gaza". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  322. ^ Schlein, Lisa. "Aid to Gaza choked off as border crossings closed". VOA. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  323. ^ "'The start of a nightmarish scenario'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  324. ^ "Israel's evacuation orders not compliant with international humanitarian law". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  325. ^ Baudoin-Laarman, Louis; Rouveyrolles-Bazire, Chloe. "NGOs Warn Rafah Operation Will Be Disastrous For Gazans". Barron's. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
  326. ^ "EU's Michel Condemns Israel's Rafah Evacuation Orders". Barron's. Agence France Presse. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
  327. ^ "Staff at Rafah's Kuwaiti Hospital evacuating patients under Israeli fire: Surgeon". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 6 June 2024.
  328. ^ "UNRWA Situation Report #113 On The Situation In The Gaza Strip And The West Bank, Including East Jerusalem". UNRWA. United Nations. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  329. ^ "Gaza today: Scorching heat, visible signs of wasting and heavy fighting". UN News. United Nations. Retrieved 29 June 2024.
  330. ^ Loveluck, Louisa. "Israel orders evacuation of former Gaza safe area; U.N. aid convoy fired on". The Washington Post. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  331. ^ "Some in Gaza are resorting to fundraising platforms to leave". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  332. ^ Ahmed, Kaamil; Michaelson, Ruth (8 January 2024). "Palestinians desperate to flee Gaza pay thousands in bribes to 'brokers'". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  333. ^ "Displacement worries as Israeli ministers seek Gaza repopulation with settlers". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 17 February 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024.
  334. ^ Henderson, Anna; Tamer, Rayane. "'Give us reasons': Families of Palestinians left in limbo by visa cancellations demand answers". SBS News. Retrieved 16 March 2024.
  335. ^ "80,000-100,000 Gazans Crossed Into Egypt Since October 7: Envoy". Barron's. Agence France Presse. Retrieved 28 April 2024.
  336. ^ Parker, Claire. "In Egypt, Gaza evacuees live in the shadows: 'Everything is closing in'". The Washington Post. Retrieved 9 July 2024.
  337. ^ Knickmeyer, Ellen (23 December 2023). "Americans beg for help getting family out of Gaza. "I just want to see my mother again,' a son says". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  338. ^ Doucet, Isabeau (November 2023). "Palestinian Americans sue state department on behalf of relatives stuck in Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 8 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  339. ^ "Canadian minister says families of Canadians have been blocked from leaving Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 7 February 2024. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  340. ^ Parvaz, D (2024-03-13). "68 orphans were evacuated from Gaza to the West Bank, enraging Israel's far right". WVXU. Retrieved 2024-03-15.
  341. ^ Wu, Daniel. "Rafah border closure strands American doctors in Gaza hospital". The Washington Post. Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  342. ^ Shamir, Jonathan. "Exile From Gaza". Jewish Currents. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
  343. ^ "Children of Gaza". Yahoo! News. CBS News. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
  344. ^ Millard, Robin. "85 Patients Leave Gaza In Biggest Medical Evacuation Since War Began: WHO". Barron's. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  345. ^ Lis, Jonathan. "Netanyahu Delays Evacuation of Sick, Wounded Children From Gaza to UAE After Golan Attack". Haaretz. Retrieved 18 August 2024.
  346. ^ Bas-Wohlert, Camille. "WHO To Evacuate 1,000 Gazan Women, Children For Urgent Medical Care". Barron's. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  347. ^ "WHO to evacuate 1,000 women and children from Gaza for medical care". MSN. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 25 October 2024.
  348. ^ "Israel's plan in Gaza is 'mass expulsion': Analyst". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
  349. ^ "Fears continue to grow for the safety of civilians across southern Gaza after Israeli air force dropped leaflets in eastern neighbourhoods of Khan Younis (Al-Qarara, Khuza'a, Bani Suhaila &Abasan) ordering people to leave their homes & go to "known shelters"". X. Amnesty International. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023.
  350. ^ Marsi, Federica (13 November 2023). "What is a 'human shield' and why is Israel using the term in Gaza?". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2024.
  351. ^ Khraiche, Dana (13 October 2023). "UN Calls Israel Order to Evacuate 1.1 Million in Gaza Impossible". Bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  352. ^ UNRWA [@UNRWA] (13 October 2023). "UNRWA relocated its central operations centre + international staff to the south to continue its humanitarian operations and support to its staff and Palestine Refugees in #Gaza We urge the Israeli Authorities to protect all civilians in @UNRWA shelters including schools" (Tweet). Retrieved 13 October 2023 – via Twitter.
  353. ^ Debre, Isabel; Lederer, Edith M.; Shurafa, Wafaa (13 October 2023). "Israel's military orders civilians to evacuate Gaza City, ahead of a feared ground offensive". AP News. Archived from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  354. ^ "U.N. aid chief: Gaza conflict could spread across region like wildfire". Reuters. 2023-11-09. Archived from the original on 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  355. ^ Wintour, Patrick (30 November 2023). "Israeli assault on southern Gaza could push 1m refugees to Egypt border, UNRWA chief warns". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  356. ^ "UN Agency Chief Says Israel Trying To Force Gazans Into Egypt". Barron's. Agence France Presse. Archived from the original on 10 December 2023. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  357. ^ Sabbagh, Dan (3 December 2023). "Fresh strike on Jabaliya refugee camp reported as Israel intensifies attacks on Gaza". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  358. ^ Lederer, Edith M. "UN chief says Israel is forcing Gazans 'to move like human pinballs,' urges funds". ABC News. Associated Press. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  359. ^ "Israel orders Palestinians to leave Gaza City as Doha truce talks continue". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  360. ^ Koffaify, Ephrem. "UN's Gaza chief says scenes after Al-Mawasi attack among 'most horrific' of past 9 months". Arab News. Retrieved 27 July 2024.
  361. ^ "UNICEF chief calls for urgent security reset in Gaza amid 'new horrors'". UN News. United Nations. Retrieved 3 August 2024.
  362. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal. "Israeli army orders fresh evacuations in Gaza as fighting continues". Reuters. Retrieved 10 September 2024.
  363. ^ Krauss, Joseph (13 October 2023). "In Israel's call for mass evacuation, Palestinians hear echoes of their original catastrophic exodus". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2 December 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  364. ^ Tharoor, Ishaan. "Israel makes a desolation and may call it peace". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  365. ^ Galit Distel Atbaryan [@GalitDistel] (1 November 2023). "ההקרנה של "הסרט"" [The screening of the "film".] (Tweet) (in Hebrew). Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023 – via Twitter.
  366. ^ Hauser Tov, Michael. "'We're Rolling Out Nakba 2023,' Israeli Minister Says on Northern Gaza Strip Evacuation". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2023-11-12. Retrieved 12 November 2023.
  367. ^ Danon, Danny; Ben-Barak, Ram (13 November 2023). "The West Should Welcome Gaza Refugees". The Wall Street Journal. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  368. ^ "Palestinian politician slams Israeli minister's remarks on Gaza 'voluntary migration'". Al Arabiya. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
  369. ^ Gamliel, Gila (19 November 2023). "Victory is an opportunity for Israel in the midst of crisis - opinion". The Jerusalem Post. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
  370. ^ Parker, Claire. "Egypt under growing pressure as displaced Gazans crowd the border". The Washington Post. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  371. ^ "Poll: 83% of Israelis Support Voluntary Emigration from Gaza". The Jewish Press. 24 December 2023. Archived from the original on 7 January 2024. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
  372. ^ "'Won't disturb anyone': Israeli lawmaker advocates Gaza relocation". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 December 2023. Retrieved 27 December 2023.
  373. ^ Mackenzie, James. "Israeli minister repeats call for Palestinians to leave Gaza". Reuters. Retrieved 31 December 2023.
  374. ^ "Ben-Gvir says Israel is not 'another star on the American flag'". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  375. ^ "Smotrich doubles down on push for 'voluntary' migration out of Gaza". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 9 January 2024. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  376. ^ Lagziel, Kim (15 January 2024). "This Israeli City Turned Into a Ghost Town After October 7. Can Its Residents Ever Return Home?". Haaretz. Archived from the original on 2024-01-15. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
  377. ^ "Netanyahu to Alpinist Unit: Our goal in the north is simple – return the residents to their homes". The Times of Israel. 22 February 2024. Archived from the original on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
  378. ^ Morris, Loveday. "Israeli military says it failed to protect Gaza border town on Oct. 7". The Washington Post. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  379. ^ Kubovich, Yaniv. "Israeli Defense Officials: Gov't Pushing Aside Hostage Deal, Eyeing Gaza Annexation". Haaretz. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
  380. ^ "Hamas tells Gaza residents to stay home as Israel ground offensive looms". Reuters. 2023-10-13. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  381. ^ Debre, Isabel; Lederer, Edith M.; Shurafa, Wafaa (2023-10-13). "Palestinians flee northern Gaza after Israel orders 1 million to evacuate as ground attack looms". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2023-10-13. Retrieved 2023-10-14.
  382. ^
  383. ^ "Israel's military orders civilians to evacuate Gaza City, ahead of a feared ground offensive". Washington Post. 13 October 2023. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.
  384. ^ Michaelson, Ruth; Jones, Sam (13 October 2023). "'I'm just praying to God': people in Gaza caught between evacuation order, Hamas and bombs". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 15 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  385. ^ Catterall, Peter; Hatham, Oliver (20 November 2023). "China FM says 'urgent' steps needed to ease Gaza crisis". Yahoo! News. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  386. ^ "Israel giving Gazans option of 'death or displacement': Palestinian UN envoy". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  387. ^ "Gaza destruction will 'take lifetimes to rebuild': Palestine mission". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 January 2024. Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  388. ^ "We will not allow Palestinians to be pushed into the Sinai, says ambassador to UN". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 9 February 2024. Retrieved 10 February 2024.
  389. ^ "'Nowhere is safe here': Women on being displaced multiple times". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 15 February 2024. Retrieved 15 February 2024.
  390. ^ "Palestinian writer slams Israel's tactics to 'depopulate Gaza'". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
  391. ^ "Israel subjecting Palestinians to 'geographical terror' tactics, says aid worker". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 20 May 2024.
  392. ^ "Gaza authorities urge civilians to ignore Israeli 'death trap' evacuation orders". The New Arab. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  393. ^ Khoury, Jack. "Israel Issues More Evacuation Orders in South Gaza, Shrinking Humanitarian Zones". Haaretz. Retrieved 25 August 2024.
  394. ^ Kasraoui, Safaa. "Gaza: Arab and Muslim Ministers Reiterate Appeal for Immediate Ceasefire". Morocco World News. Archived from the original on 20 November 2023. Retrieved 20 November 2023.
  395. ^ "Egyptian FM: Conditions in Gaza a catastrophe & calamity". CNN. 8 December 2023. Archived from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  396. ^ Abu Azzoum, Tareq. "Israel pounds Jabalia refugee camp – again". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  397. ^ Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (21 November 2023). "20 Reported Dead in Nuseirat Strike". Reuters. Archived from the original on 21 November 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  398. ^ "War with Hamas is about Israel 'emptying Gaza of its population,' Jordanian foreign minister says". NBC News. Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 8 December 2023.
  399. ^ "Saudi Arabia hosts talks on Palestinian statehood". The Hindu. Agence France-Presse. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  400. ^ "UNSC must prevent forced displacement of civilians: NRC adviser". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 30 December 2023. Retrieved 30 December 2023.
  401. ^ "Saudi Arabia rejects Israeli attempts to displace Palestinians in Gaza: Minister". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 10 January 2024.
  402. ^ Lonsdorf, Kat; Estrin, Daniel; Al-Shalchi, Hadeel. "The U.S. urges major changes to Israel's evacuations in Gaza, a leaked memo says". NPR. Retrieved 13 September 2024.
  403. ^ "Israeli forces pushing people from north to south Gaza will only worsen humanitarian catastrophe". ReliefWeb. Médecins Sans Frontières. Retrieved 13 October 2024.
  404. ^ "Israel must rescind latest 'evacuation' orders for North Gaza and allow immediate, unhindered humanitarian access". Amnesty International. Retrieved 17 October 2024.
  405. ^ "Northern Gaza is being erased – global leaders must act now to end Israel's atrocities". Oxfam International. Retrieved 20 October 2024.
  406. ^ "Oxfam reaction to Israel's banning of UNRWA". Oxfam. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  407. ^ Kamel, Lorenzo. "Israel wants to close the circle of history in Gaza". Al Jazeera English. Retrieved 4 November 2024.
  408. ^ a b Srivastava, Mehul; Shotter, James; Zilber, Neri; Khaled, Mai; England, Andrew; Beijing, Joe (14 October 2023). "Gazans stream south to seek shelter from Israeli bombardment". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  409. ^ "forcible transfer". Legal Information Institute. Cornell Law School. Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  410. ^ "UN expert warns of new instance of mass ethnic cleansing of Palestinians, calls for immediate ceasefire". UN Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  411. ^ Segal, Raz (13 October 2023). "A Textbook Case of Genocide". Jewish Currents. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  412. ^ "An Israeli ministry, in a 'concept paper,' proposes transferring Gaza civilians to Egypt's Sinai". ABC News. 30 October 2023. Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.
  413. ^ "Israeli Intel Ministry Suggests Relocating Gazans to Sinai After Hamas War". Haaretz. 30 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2023-10-30.
  414. ^ Birnbaum, Michael (8 November 2023). "Gaza must not be reoccupied, should be run by Palestinians, says Blinken". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 8 November 2023. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
  415. ^ "Gaza 'safe zones' led to displacement, Israeli attacks on civilians: Report". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
  416. ^ "Israel advances deeper into Rafah as US calls for protection of civilians". VOA. Retrieved 18 May 2024.
  417. ^ "Israeli soldiers view evacuation areas as 'extermination zones': Lawyer". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 22 May 2024.
  418. ^ "World leaders fail to act as Israeli invasion of Rafah worsens humanitarian catastrophe". Amnesty International. Retrieved 23 May 2024.
  419. ^ Fischler, Jacob (13 October 2023). "U.S. stresses support for Israel as 1 million residents of North Gaza ordered to evacuate". Colorado Newsline. Archived from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  420. ^ "Evacuation Of Gaza: Saving As Many Lives As Possible - I24NEWS". Archived from the original on 2023-10-14. Retrieved 2023-10-15.
  421. ^ "Palestinians struggle to evacuate northern Gaza amid growing Israeli warnings of ground offensive". ABC7 Chicago. October 14, 2023. Archived from the original on October 15, 2023. Retrieved October 15, 2023.
  422. ^ "Why Israel's push into Gaza is killing so many children". Business Insider. 31 October 2023. Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
  423. ^ "Israeli military steps up warnings to north Gaza residents, preparations for ground offensive". Politico. 21 October 2023. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  424. ^ "Israel tells Gazans to move south or risk being seen as 'terrorist' partner". Reuters. 22 October 2023. Archived from the original on 2023-10-22. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
  425. ^ Mpoke Bigg, Matthew; Zraick, Karen; Boxerman, Aaron (31 October 2023). "Images of the Jabaliya refugee camp show a large crater and widespread damage". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 31 October 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2023.
  426. ^ Raine, Andrew (2023-10-31). "'Children were carrying other injured children.' Witness describes aftermath of Israeli strike on Gaza refugee camp". CNN. Archived from the original on 2023-10-31. Retrieved 2023-11-01.

Sources

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_Strip_evacuations&oldid=1263787908"