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The White House, located in Washington, D.C., is the president's official residence and the center of the administration.

Under the United States Constitution, the President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. As chief of the executive branch and face of the federal government as a whole, the presidency is the highest political office in the United States by influence and recognition. The president is also the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is indirectly elected to a four-year term by an Electoral College (or by the House of Representatives, should the Electoral College fail to award an absolute majority of votes to any person). Since the ratification of the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1951, no person may be elected President more than twice, and no one who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected may be elected more than once.^[1] Upon the death, resignation, or removal from office of an incumbent President, the Vice President assumes the office. The President must be at least 35 years of age, has to have lived in the United States for 14 years, and has to be a "natural born" citizen of the United States.

This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress.^[2] The list does not include any Acting Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

There have been 43 people sworn into office, and 44 presidencies, as Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and 24th president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison,^[3] Zachary Taylor,^[4] Warren G. Harding,^[5] and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln,^[6] James A. Garfield,^[6]^[7] William McKinley,^[8] and John F. Kennedy) and one resigned (Richard Nixon).^[9]

George Washington, the first president, was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office with 32 days in 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest with over twelve years, but died shortly into his fourth term in 1945; he is the only president to have served more than two terms. A constitutional amendment, affecting presidents after Harry Truman, was passed to limit the number of times an individual can be elected president. Andrew Jackson, the seventh president, was the first to be elected by white men of all classes in 1828 after most laws barring non-land-owners from voting were repealed. Warren Harding was the first elected after women gained voting rights in 1920. Four presidents – John Q. Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison and George W. Bush – lost the popular vote but assumed office; Bush was subsequently re-elected with a popular majority. John F. Kennedy has been the only president of Roman Catholic faith, and the current president, Barack Obama, is the first president of African descent.^[10]

List of presidents

None (1) Federalist (1) Democratic-Republican (4) Democratic (16) Whig (4) Republican (18)
№	Portrait	President		State	Term of office	Party	Term ^{[n 1]}	Previous office	Vice President
1			George Washington (1732-02-22)February 22, 1732 – (1799-12-14)December 14, 1799 (Aged 67) ^[11]^[12]^[13]	Virginia	April 30, 1789 ^{[n 2]} – March 4, 1797	Non-partisan ^[14]	1 (1789)	Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army (1775–1783)		John Adams
1				Virginia	April 30, 1789 ^{[n 2]} – March 4, 1797	Non-partisan ^[14]	2 (1792)	Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army (1775–1783)		John Adams
2			John Adams October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826 (aged 90) ^[15]^[16]^[17]	Massachusetts	March 4, 1797 – March 4, 1801 ^{[n 3]}	Federalist	3 (1796)	1st Vice President of the United States	style="background: Template:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Thomas Jefferson
3			Thomas Jefferson April 13, 1743 – July 4, 1826 (aged 83) ^[18]^[19]^[20]	Virginia	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809	Democratic- Republican	4 (1800)	2nd Vice President of the United States	style="background: Template:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Aaron Burr March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805
3				Virginia	March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1809	Democratic- Republican	5 (1804)	2nd Vice President of the United States	style="background: Template:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	George Clinton March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812 ^{[n 4]}
4			James Madison March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836 (aged 85) ^[21]^[22]^[23]	Virginia	March 4, 1809 – March 4, 1817	Democratic- Republican	6 (1808)	5th United States Secretary of State (1801–1809)	style="background: Template:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	George Clinton March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812 ^{[n 4]}
							6 (1808)		Vacant April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813 ^{[n 5]}
							7 (1812)		style="background: Template:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Elbridge Gerry March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814 ^{[n 4]}
							7 (1812)		Vacant November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817 ^{[n 5]}
5			James Monroe April 28, 1758 – July 4, 1831 (aged 73) ^[24]^[25]^[26]	Virginia	March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825	Democratic- Republican	8 (1816)	7th United States Secretary of State (1811–1817)	rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Daniel D. Tompkins
5				Virginia	March 4, 1817 – March 4, 1825	Democratic- Republican	9 (1820)	7th United States Secretary of State (1811–1817)		Daniel D. Tompkins
6			John Quincy Adams July 11, 1767 – February 23, 1848 (aged 80) ^[27]^[28]^[29]	Massachusetts	March 4, 1825 – March 4, 1829 ^{[n 3]}	Democratic- Republican	10 (1824)	8th United States Secretary of State (1817–1825)	style="background: Template:Democratic-Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	John C. Calhoun March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832 ^{[n 6]}
7			Andrew Jackson March 15, 1767 – June 8, 1845 (aged 78) ^[30]^[31]^[32]	Tennessee	March 4, 1829 – March 4, 1837	Democratic	11 (1828)	U.S. Senator (Class 2) from Tennessee (1823–1825)		John C. Calhoun March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832 ^{[n 6]}
							11 (1828)		Vacant December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833 ^{[n 5]}
							12 (1832)			Martin Van Buren March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837
8			Martin Van Buren December 5, 1782 – July 24, 1862 (aged 79) ^[33]^[34]^[35]	New York	March 4, 1837 – March 4, 1841 ^{[n 3]}^{[n 7]}	Democratic	13 (1836)	8th Vice President of the United States		Richard Mentor Johnson
9			William Henry Harrison February 9, 1773 – April 4, 1841 (aged 68) ^[36]^[37]^[38]	Ohio	March 4, 1841 – April 4, 1841 ^{[n 4]}	Whig	14 (1840)	United States Minister to Colombia (1828–1829)	style="background: Template:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	John Tyler
10			John Tyler March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862 (aged 71) ^[39]^[40]^[41]	Virginia	April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845	Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841		10th Vice President of the United States ^{[n 8]}	Vacant ^{[n 5]}
10				Virginia	April 4, 1841 – March 4, 1845	Independent September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845 ^{[n 9]}		10th Vice President of the United States ^{[n 8]}	Vacant ^{[n 5]}
11			James K. Polk November 2, 1795 – June 15, 1849 (aged 53) ^[42]^[43]^[44]	Tennessee	March 4, 1845 – March 4, 1849	Democratic	15 (1844)	9th Governor of Tennessee (1839–1841)		George M. Dallas
12			Zachary Taylor November 24, 1784 – July 9, 1850 (aged 65) ^[45]^[46]^[47]	Louisiana	March 4, 1849 – July 9, 1850 ^{[n 10]}^{[n 4]}	Whig	16 (1848)	Major General of the 1st Infantry Regiment United States Army (1846–1849)	style="background: Template:Whig Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Millard Fillmore
13			Millard Fillmore January 7, 1800 – March 8, 1874 (aged 74) ^[48]^[49]^[50]	New York	July 9, 1850 – March 4, 1853 ^{[n 7]}	Whig	16 (1848)	12th Vice President of the United States	Vacant ^{[n 5]}
14			Franklin Pierce November 23, 1804 – October 8, 1869 (aged 64) ^[51]^[52]^[53]	New Hampshire	March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857	Democratic	17 (1852)	Brigadier General of the 9th Infantry United States Army (1847–1848)		William R. King March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853 ^{[n 4]}^{[n 10]}
14				New Hampshire	March 4, 1853 – March 4, 1857	Democratic	17 (1852)		Vacant April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857 ^{[n 5]}
15			James Buchanan April 23, 1791 – June 1, 1868 (aged 77) ^[54]^[55]^[56]	Pennsylvania	March 4, 1857 – March 4, 1861	Democratic	18 (1856)	United States Minister to the Court of St James's (1853–1856)		John C. Breckinridge
16			Abraham Lincoln February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865 (aged 56) ^[57]^[58]^[59]	Illinois	March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865 ^{[n 10]}^{[n 11]}	Republican	19 (1860)	U.S. Representative for Illinois' 7th (1847–1849)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Hannibal Hamlin March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865
16				Illinois	March 4, 1861 – April 15, 1865 ^{[n 10]}^{[n 11]}	Republican National Union ^{[n 12]}	20 (1864)	U.S. Representative for Illinois' 7th (1847–1849)		Andrew Johnson March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865
17			Andrew Johnson December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875 (aged 66) ^[60]^[61]^[62]	Tennessee	April 15, 1865 – March 4, 1869	Democratic National Union Not Affiliated ^{[n 12]}^{[n 13]}	20 (1864)	16th Vice President of the United States	Vacant ^{[n 5]}
18			Ulysses S. Grant April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885 (aged 63) ^[63]^[64]^[65]	Illinois	March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1877	Republican	21 (1868)	Commanding General of the U.S. Army (1864–1869)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Schuyler Colfax March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873
							22 (1872)		style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Henry Wilson March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875 ^{[n 4]}^{[n 10]}
							22 (1872)		Vacant November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877 ^{[n 5]}
19			Rutherford B. Hayes October 4, 1822 – January 17, 1893 (aged 70) ^[66]^[67]^[68]	Ohio	March 4, 1877 – March 4, 1881	Republican	23 (1876)	32nd Governor of Ohio (1868–1872, 1876–1877)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	William A. Wheeler
20			James A. Garfield November 19, 1831 – September 19, 1881 (aged 49) ^[69]^[70]^[71]	Ohio	March 4, 1881 – September 19, 1881 ^{[n 10]}^{[n 11]}	Republican	24 (1880)	U.S. Representative for Ohio's 19th (1863–1881)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Chester A. Arthur
21			Chester A. Arthur October 5, 1829 – November 18, 1886 (aged 57) ^[72]^[73]^[74]	New York	September 19, 1881 – March 4, 1885	Republican	24 (1880)	20th Vice President of the United States	Vacant ^{[n 5]}
22			Grover Cleveland March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908 (aged 71) ^[75]^[76]	New York	March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889 ^{[n 3]}	Democratic	25 (1884)	28th Governor of New York (1883–1885)		Thomas A. Hendricks March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885 ^{[n 4]}^{[n 10]}
22				New York	March 4, 1885 – March 4, 1889 ^{[n 3]}	Democratic	25 (1884)	28th Governor of New York (1883–1885)	Vacant November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889 ^{[n 5]}
23			Benjamin Harrison August 20, 1833 – March 13, 1901 (aged 67) ^[77]^[78]^[79]	Indiana	March 4, 1889 – March 4, 1893 ^{[n 3]}	Republican	26 (1888)	U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Indiana (1881–1887)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Levi P. Morton
24			Grover Cleveland March 18, 1837 – June 24, 1908 (aged 71) ^[75]^[76]	New York	March 4, 1893 – March 4, 1897	Democratic	27 (1892)	22nd President of the United States (1885–1889)		Adlai Stevenson
25			William McKinley January 29, 1843 – September 14, 1901 (aged 58) ^[80]^[81]^[82]	Ohio	March 4, 1897 – September 14, 1901 ^{[n 10]}^{[n 11]}	Republican	28 (1896)	39th Governor of Ohio (1892–1896)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Garret Hobart March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899 ^{[n 4]}
							28 (1896)		Vacant November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901 ^{[n 5]}
							29 (1900)		style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Theodore Roosevelt of New York March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901
26			Theodore Roosevelt October 27, 1858 – January 6, 1919 (aged 60) ^[83]^[84]^[85]	New York	September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909 ^{[n 7]}	Republican	29 (1900)	25th Vice President of the United States	Vacant September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905 ^{[n 5]}
26				New York	September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1909 ^{[n 7]}	Republican	30 (1904)	25th Vice President of the United States	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Charles W. Fairbanks March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909
27			William Howard Taft September 15, 1857 – March 8, 1930 (aged 72) ^[86]^[87]^[88]	Ohio	March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 ^{[n 3]}	Republican	31 (1908)	42nd United States Secretary of War (1904–1908)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	James S. Sherman March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912 ^{[n 4]}^{[n 10]}
27				Ohio	March 4, 1909 – March 4, 1913 ^{[n 3]}	Republican	31 (1908)	42nd United States Secretary of War (1904–1908)	Vacant October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913 ^{[n 5]}
28			Woodrow Wilson December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924 (aged 67) ^[89]^[90]^[91]	New Jersey	March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921	Democratic	32 (1912)	34th Governor of New Jersey (1911–1913)		Thomas R. Marshall
28				New Jersey	March 4, 1913 – March 4, 1921	Democratic	33 (1916)	34th Governor of New Jersey (1911–1913)		Thomas R. Marshall
29			Warren G. Harding November 2, 1865 – August 2, 1923 (aged 57) ^[92]^[93]^[94]	Ohio	March 4, 1921 – August 2, 1923 ^{[n 10]}^{[n 4]}	Republican	34 (1920)	U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Ohio (1915–1921)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Calvin Coolidge
30			Calvin Coolidge July 4, 1872 – January 5, 1933 (aged 60) ^[95]^[96]^[97]	Massachusetts	August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929	Republican	34 (1920)	29th Vice President of the United States	Vacant August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925 ^{[n 5]}
30				Massachusetts	August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1929	Republican	35 (1924)	29th Vice President of the United States	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Charles G. Dawes March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929
31			Herbert Hoover August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964 (aged 90) ^[98]^[99]^[100]	California	March 4, 1929 – March 4, 1933 ^{[n 3]}	Republican	36 (1928)	3rd United States Secretary of Commerce (1921–1928)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Charles Curtis
32			Franklin D. Roosevelt January 30, 1882 – April 12, 1945 (aged 63) ^[101]^[102]^[103]	New York	March 4, 1933 (1933-03-04) – April 12, 1945 (1945-04-12) ^{[n 10]}^{[n 4]}	Democratic	37 (1932) ^{[n 14]}	44th Governor of New York (1929–1932)		John Nance Garner March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941
							38 (1936)			John Nance Garner March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941
							39 (1940)			Henry A. Wallace January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945
							40 (1944)			Harry S. Truman January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945
33			Harry S. Truman May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972 (aged 88) ^[104]^[105]^[106]	Missouri	April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953	Democratic	40 (1944)	34th Vice President of the United States	Vacant April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949 ^{[n 5]}
33				Missouri	April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1953	Democratic	41 (1948)	34th Vice President of the United States		Alben W. Barkley January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953
34			Dwight D. Eisenhower October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969 (aged 78) ^[107]^[108]^[109]	New York and Kansas	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 ^{[n 15]}	Republican	42 (1952)	Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1949–1952)	rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Richard Nixon
34				New York and Kansas	January 20, 1953 – January 20, 1961 ^{[n 15]}	Republican	43 (1956)	Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1949–1952)		Richard Nixon
35			John F. Kennedy May 29, 1917 – November 22, 1963 (aged 46) ^[110]^[111]^[112]	Massachusetts	January 20, 1961 – November 22, 1963 ^{[n 10]}^{[n 11]}	Democratic	44 (1960)	U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Massachusetts (1953–1960)		Lyndon B. Johnson
36			Lyndon B. Johnson August 27, 1908 – January 22, 1973 (aged 64) ^[113]^[114]	Texas	November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969	Democratic	44 (1960)	37th Vice President of the United States	Vacant November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965 ^{[n 5]}
36				Texas	November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1969	Democratic	45 (1964)	37th Vice President of the United States		Hubert Humphrey January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969
37			Richard Nixon January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994 (aged 81) ^[115]^[116]^[117]	New York and California	January 20, 1969 – August 9, 1974 ^{[n 6]}	Republican	46 (1968)	36th Vice President of the United States (1953–1961)	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Spiro Agnew January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973 ^{[n 6]}
							47 (1972)		style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Spiro Agnew January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973 ^{[n 6]}
									Vacant October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973 ^{[n 5]}
									style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
38			Gerald Ford July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006 (aged 93) ^[118]^[119]^[120]	Michigan	August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977 ^{[n 3]}^{[n 16]}	Republican		40th Vice President of the United States	Vacant August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974 ^{[n 5]}
38				Michigan	August 9, 1974 – January 20, 1977 ^{[n 3]}^{[n 16]}	Republican		40th Vice President of the United States	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39	File:James E. Carter - portrait.jpg		Jimmy Carter Born: (1924-10-01) October 1, 1924 (age 99) ^[121]^[122]^[123]	Georgia	January 20, 1977 – January 20, 1981 ^{[n 3]}	Democratic	48 (1976)	76th Governor of Georgia (1971–1975)		Walter Mondale
40			Ronald Reagan February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004 (aged 93) ^[124]^[125]^[126]	California	January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989	Republican	49 (1980)	33rd Governor of California (1967–1975)	rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	George H. W. Bush
40				California	January 20, 1981 – January 20, 1989	Republican	50 (1984)	33rd Governor of California (1967–1975)		George H. W. Bush
41	File:George H. W. Bush - Presidential portrait.jpg		George H. W. Bush Born: (1924-06-12) June 12, 1924 (age 100) ^[127]^[128]^[129]	Texas	January 20, 1989 – January 20, 1993 ^{[n 3]}	Republican	51 (1988)	43rd Vice President of the United States	style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Dan Quayle
42	File:Bill Clinton - Presidential portrait.jpg		Bill Clinton Born: (1946-08-19) August 19, 1946 (age 78) ^[130]^[131]^[132]	Arkansas	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001	Democratic	52 (1992)	40th & 42nd Governor of Arkansas (1979–1981, 1983–1992)		Al Gore
42	File:Bill Clinton - Presidential portrait.jpg			Arkansas	January 20, 1993 – January 20, 2001	Democratic	53 (1996)	40th & 42nd Governor of Arkansas (1979–1981, 1983–1992)		Al Gore
43	File:George W Bush - Presidential portrait.jpg		George W. Bush Born: (1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 78) ^[133]^[134]^[135]	Texas	January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009	Republican	54 (2000)	46th Governor of Texas (1995–2000)	rowspan="2" style="background: Template:Republican Party (United States)/meta/color;" \|	Dick Cheney
43	File:George W Bush - Presidential portrait.jpg			Texas	January 20, 2001 – January 20, 2009	Republican	55 (2004)	46th Governor of Texas (1995–2000)		Dick Cheney
44			Barack Obama Born: (1961-08-04) August 4, 1961 (age 63) ^[136]^[137]^[138]	Illinois	January 20, 2009 – Incumbent	Democratic	56 (2008)	U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Illinois (2005–2008)		Joe Biden
44				Illinois	January 20, 2009 – Incumbent	Democratic	57 (2012)	U.S. Senator (Class 3) from Illinois (2005–2008)		Joe Biden

Living former presidents

As of September 2024, there are four living former presidents. From oldest to youngest:

President	Term of office	Date of birth
George H. W. Bush	1989–1993	(1924-06-12) June 12, 1924 (age 100)
Jimmy Carter	1977–1981	(1924-10-01) October 1, 1924 (age 99)
George W. Bush	2001–2009	(1946-07-06) July 6, 1946 (age 78)
Bill Clinton	1993–2001	(1946-08-19) August 19, 1946 (age 78)

The most recent death of a former president was that of Gerald Ford (1974–77) on December 26, 2006, aged 93.

Timeline

Notes

^ For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes Acting President under the Twenty-fifth Amendment is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a period.
^ Instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, George Washington's first-term inaugural was postponed 57 days (1 month and 27 days) to April 30, 1789, because the U.S. Congress had not yet achieved a quorum.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Unseated (lost re-election).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Died in office of natural causes.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the Vice Presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.
^ ^a ^b ^c Resigned.
^ ^a ^b ^c Later sought election or re-election to a non-consecutive term.
^ Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set a precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "Acting President", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution.
^ Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Died in office
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Assassinated.
^ ^a ^b Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.
^ Andrew Johnson did not identify with the two main parties while president and tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. His failure to build a true National Union Party left Johnson without a party.
^ The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1933, moving the 1937 inauguration day from March 4 to January 20, and shortening this term by 43 days.
^ Dwight Eisenhower is the first president to have been legally prohibited by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution from seeking a third term.
^ Sought an election for a full term, but was unsuccessful

References

^ "The Constitution: Amendments 11–27". U.S. National Archives & Records Administration. Retrieved October 1, 2008.
^ "Excerpts from "Forgotten Presidents" – The Patriots Handbook, by George Grant". Harrold.org. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
^ Cleaves, Freeman (1939). Old Tippecanoe: William Henry Harrison and His Time. C. Scribner's Sons. p. 152.
^ Ingersoll, Jared. "Death of the President". University of Virginia's Miller Center of Public Affairs. Retrieved November 2, 2010.
^ Russell, Francis (1962). The Shadow of Blooming Grove – Warren G. Harding in His Times. Easton Press. p. 591. ISBN 0070543380.
^ ^a ^b Martin, Paul "Lincoln's Missing Bodyguard", Smithsonian Magazine, April 8, 2010, Retrieved November 15, 2010
^ Donald (1996), p. 597.
^ "Big Ben Parker and President McKinley's Assassination". Math.buffalo.edu. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
^ "Nixon Resigns". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 31, 2008.
^ "Obama wins historic US election". BBC. November 5, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
^ The White House (March 12, 2007). "Biography of George Washington". Whitehouse.gov. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
^ "George Washington – no Political Party – 1st President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
^ "George Washington (February 22, 1732 – December 14, 1799)". American Presidents: Life Portraits. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
^ "George Washington's views on political parties in America | Washington Times Communities". Communities.washingtontimes.com. March 9, 2012. Retrieved January 2, 2013.
^ "Biography of John Adams". Whitehouse.gov. March 12, 2007. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
^ "John Adams – Federalist Party – 2nd President – American Presidents". History. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
^ "John Adams (October 30, 1735 – July 4, 1826)". American Presidents: Life Portrait. C-SPAN. Retrieved January 12, 2009.
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External links

[num-11] For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes Acting President under the Twenty-fifth Amendment is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a period.

[Washington-term-15] Instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, George Washington's first-term inaugural was postponed 57 days (1 month and 27 days) to April 30, 1789, because the U.S. Congress had not yet achieved a quorum.

[unseated-20] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Unseated (lost re-election).

[died-24] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Died in office of natural causes.

[25th_Amend-28] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the Vice Presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.

[resigned-35] Resigned.

[broke-42] Later sought election or re-election to a non-consecutive term.

[John_Tyler-49] Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set a precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "Acting President", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution.

[John_Tyler-party-50] Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.

[death-57] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k Died in office

[assassinated-70] Assassinated.

[union-71] Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.

[Andrew_Johnson-party-75] Andrew Johnson did not identify with the two main parties while president and tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. His failure to build a true National Union Party left Johnson without a party.

[20th_Amendment-term-117] The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1933, moving the 1937 inauguration day from March 4 to January 20, and shortening this term by 43 days.

[Dwight_Eisenhower-term-124] Dwight Eisenhower is the first president to have been legally prohibited by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution from seeking a third term.

[unsuccessful-136] Sought an election for a full term, but was unsuccessful

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