Sinai insurgency: Difference between revisions

Sinai insurgency (2011–present)
Part of the Egyptian Crisis, Arab Winter, and the Global War on Terrorism
Map of the Sinai Peninsula
Date 23 February 2011 – present (13 years, 5 months, 3 weeks and 3 days) Location Sinai Peninsula, Egypt Status Ongoing
Belligerents
Egypt Egyptian Armed Forces Central Security Forces Homeland Security National Police Multinational Force and Observers[1] Border attack:  Israel[2]	Islamist militants Ansar Bait al-Maqdis[3] Bedouin tribesmen[4] Jund al Islam[5] Takfir wal-Hijra[6] Jama’at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad[7] Ansar al-Sharia[8] Mujahideen Shura Council[9] Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant[10]
Commanders and leaders
Sedki Sobhi Mohammed el-Shahat Osama Askar Abdel Fattah el-Sisi (2012–14) Ahmed Wasfi (2012–14) Hussein Tantawi (2011–12) Sami Anan (2011–12)	Muhammad al-Zawahiri  (POW)[11] Abd El-Fattah Salem  (POW)[6] Fayez Abu-Sheta  †[12] Youssif Abo-Ayat  †[13] Saed Abo-Farih  †[13] Shadi el-Manaei[14] Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
Strength
Unknown	Around 12,000 total militants[15]
Casualties and losses
Military: 170 killed CSF: 61 killed Police: 71 killed Homeland Security: 1 killed Total: 303 killed	857 militants killed
128 Egyptian, 7 Israeli, and 4 South Korean civilians killed Total: 1,309 killed

Part of a series on the Egyptian Crisis (2011–2014)
Main topics 2011 Egyptian revolution Sinai insurgency Military transitional council 2012–2013 Egyptian protests Egyptian Constitution of 2012 June 2013 Egyptian protests 2013 Egyptian coup d'état Post-coup unrest in Egypt Insurgency in Egypt
Elections 2011 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2011–12 Egyptian parliamentary election 2012 Egyptian Shura Council election 2012 Egyptian presidential election 2012 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2014 Egyptian constitutional referendum 2014 Egyptian presidential election 2015 Egyptian parliamentary election
Background History of Egypt under Hosni Mubarak History of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt Corruption in Egypt Terrorism in Egypt
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The Sinai insurgency comprises a series of actions by Islamist militants in the Sinai peninsula that evolved out of the Egyptian Crisis. After longtime Egyptian dictator Hosni Mubarak was overthrown in the 2011 Egyptian Revolution, militants in the Sinai exploited the chaotic situation in Egypt and weakened central authority to launch a series of attacks. The actions of those Islamist elements, largely composed of tribesmen among the local Bedouins, drew a harsh response from interim Egyptian government since mid-2011 known as Operation Eagle. However, attacks against government and foreign facilities in the area continued into 2012, resulting in a massive crackdown by the new Egyptian government nicknamed Operation Sinai. In May 2013, following an abduction of Egyptian officers, violence in the Sinai surged once again. Following the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, which resulted in the ousting of Islamist president Mohamed Morsi, "unprecedented clashes" have occurred.^[16] On 2014, elements of the Ansar Bait al-Maqdis group claimed allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and proclaimed themselves as the "Province of Sinai".

Most of the Sinai Peninsula is divided among two Egyptian governorates, or provinces: South Sinai Governorate and North Sinai Governorate. Three more governorates span the Suez Canal, crossing into African Egypt: Suez Governorate ("the Suez") is on the southern end of the Suez Canal, Ismailia Governorate in the center, and Port Said Governorate in the north.

Sufism was previously dominant in the region before jihadi ideas began to take hold.^[17] The Sinai peninsula has long been known for its lawlessness, having historically served as a smuggling route for weapons and supplies. Security provisions in the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty of 1979 have institutionalized a diminished security presence in the area, enabling militants to operate with a freer hand. Moreover, the limited government-directed investment and development in Sinai has discriminated against the local Bedouin population, a population that values tribal allegiance over all else. The combination of Sinai's harsh terrain and lack of resources have kept the area poor and hence ripe for militancy.^[18]

Following the January 2011 uprising that toppled Hosni Mubarak's regime, the country became increasingly destabilized, creating a security vacuum in the Sinai peninsula. Radical Islamic elements in Sinai exploited the opportunity, using the unique environment, in launching several waves of attacks upon Egyptian military and commercial facilities.

According to The Economist, the conflict also involves local armed Bedouin "who have long-standing grievances against the central government in Cairo," claiming "they are barred from joining the army or police; they find it hard to get jobs in tourism; and they complain that many of their lands have been taken from them."^[4]

Following the Egyptian revolution in 2011, insurgency attacks increased and begin attacking the Arab Gas Pipeline, running into Jordan, Syria and Lebanon and its offshoot from al-Arish to Israel - constantly disrupting Egyptian gas supply to the entire region.^{[citation needed]}

On 30 July 2011, militants staged an attack on an Egyptian police station in El-Arish, killing six.^[19]

On 2 August 2011, a group claiming to be the Sinai wing of Al-Qaeda declared its intention to create an Islamic caliphate in the Sinai.^[20]

Operation Eagle was an Egyptian military campaign in the Sinai Peninsula that was launched on 14 August 2011 to confront Islamist insurgents and criminal gangs threatening Egypt's national security and to restore law and order.^[21] Islamist insurgents had been attacking the Egyptian security forces in the Sinai and using the area as a base from which to attack Israel since early 2011.

On 5 August 2012, a group of armed men ambushed an Egyptian military base in the Sinai Peninsula, killing 16 Egyptian soldiers and stealing two Egyptian armored cars, and then infiltrated into Israel. The attackers rammed through the Kerem Shalom border crossing in Israel, while one of the vehicles exploded. The attackers then engaged in a firefight with soldiers of the Israel Defense Forces, and six attackers were killed during the firefight. No Israelis were injured.^[22] The attackers were dressed as Bedouins and attacked with guns and rocket-propelled grenades.^[23] 35 attackers took part in this attack on the Egyptian base.^[24][25]

The August 2012 attack on Egyptian armed forces triggered a crackdown, led by the Egyptian Army, Police special forces and the Air Force, sweeping the Sinai Peninsula for Jihadist militants.^[26] During the operation, 32 militants and suspects were killed and 38 arrested, while 2 civilians had been killed by early September 2012.^[27]

On May 2013, a number of Egyptian Army police officers were taken hostage by armed tribesmen in the Sinai peninsula, with their videos released on the internet begging for their lives. As a response, Egypt’s government had built up security forces in northern Sinai as part of an effort to secure the release of six policemen and a border guard kidnapped by suspected militants. On 20–21 May, Egyptian troops and police, backed by helicopter gunships, conducted a sweep through a number of villages in northern Sinai, along the border with Israel.^[28] The officials said the forces came under fire from gunmen in vehicles, triggering the clashes. The clashes left one gunman dead by 21 May.^[28] The hostages were released on 22 May after talks between the captors and Bedouins.^[29] One suspect in the kidnapping was arrested on 30 May 2013.^[29]

Since Morsi's ouster on 3 July, there has been an increase in violence by armed Bedouin and Islamists.^[4][16] Attacks on security forces has been witnessing almost daily attacks since Morsi's ouster — leading many to link the militants there to the Muslim Brotherhood, the Islamist group from which Morsi hails.^[30]

In response Egypt has launched "Operation Sinai", bringing in two additional battalions.^[31]

In the two weeks since 3, 39 July terrorist attacks have occurred in North Sinai. In the resulting clashes between armed groups and security forces, 52 gunmen and civilians and six security personnel have died.^[32] On 15 July, witnessed the highest civilian casualties, when a bus transporting workers to the army-operated Al-Arish Cement Company was attacked. Five were killed and 15 were wounded. On 16 July, attacks resulted in some of the most intense army engagement, concentrated at Al-Masa'id, Al-Joura, and the Central Security camp at Al-Ahrash.^[32]

Security operations have been largely confined to the 40-kilometre area between Al-Arish and Sheikh Zuweid, extending northward toward Rafah along the border with Israel and up to the Karam Abu Salem crossing.^[32] Fighting intensifies between the gunmen and the joint army-police forces at night.^[32] The frequency of attacks has varied from two to five in a single day. In addition, targets have expanded from fixed security checkpoints to mobile patrols. In most operations, the gunmen use four-wheel drive vehicles and combinations of light and heavy weaponry. However, in three recent attacks RPG-7 launchers were used, most likely smuggled from Libya. The G-7 grenade is capable of penetrating armoured vehicles and is generally fired at the doors.^[32]

On 27 July, operation dubbed "Desert Storm" was launched by the Egyptian army in North Sinai Governorate and will last for 48 hours. Two of Egypt's field armies, as well as the country's Air Force and Navy are reportedly taking part in this large-scale operation. The military are said to be blocking all the roads, bridges and tunnels leading from Northern Sinai to other provinces of Egypt.^[33]

A bomb was placed at a hotel frequented by security officials on 2 August 2013, though it caused no injuries.^[34] A security source told the Egyptian newspaper Al-Masry Al-Youm that a majority of terrorists had been arrested as of 3 August 2013.^[35] 2 mausoleums were bombed on 4 August 2013, though no injuries resulted.^[36]

25 Egyptian policemen died in an attack in the northern region of Sinai, on 18 August. After militants forced two mini-buses carrying off-duty policemen to stop, ordered the policemen out and forced them to lie on the ground before shooting them.^[37] The Egyptian military arrested eleven people, including five Hamas members, three local residents and three foreign nationals, for their alleged involvement in the killings.^[38] The person who committed the murders confessed on 1 September 2013.^[39]

Military spokesperson Ahmed Ali said that Egyptian security forces recent operations in Sinai, from 5 July to 23 August, resulted in: 78 suspected militants killed, including 32 foreigners; 116 people injured; and 203 people arrested, including 48 foreigners, for their alleged involvement in attacks on security checkpoints in the peninsula. Additionally 343 tunnels on the border between Egypt and Gaza at Rafah have been destroyed.^[40][41]

On 3 September, fifteen Islamist militants were killed in an attack by military helicopters.^[42]

On 7 September, the Egyptian army launched a new operation in the region. The operation involved tanks and at least six Apache helicopters. The army have been jamming communications to thwart militant coordination.^[43] The army combed through areas near the Gaza Strip, including locations used by militants suspect in the killing and abduction of Egyptian soldiers over the past year. In the three days of operations, since 7 September, one officer, two soldiers and 29 militants were killed, and 39 militants were arrested.^[44][45]

On 11 September, suicide bomber targeted Egyptian military intelligence headquarters in Rafah, bringing down the structure, at the same time a car bomb had rammed an army checkpoint. In the simultaneous attack at least nine soldiers were killed.^[44]

On 24 December, 16 were killed and over 134 injured in a huge bomb which hit the Daqahliya Security Directorate in Mansoura, in the worst attack on a government site since the ouster of Morsi in July. Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, a Sinai-based group, claimed responsibility for the attack. The group deemed Egyptian troops infidels because they answer to a "secular government", warning them to desert or face death.^[46][47]

Over the few months leading to 2014, the Egyptian army gained the upper hand in the battle against militias that have found safe haven in the peninsula. After isolating and largely clearing the populated northeastern Sinai, the army put many militant factions on the defensive, most notably Ansar Bait al-Maqdis. However, one thousand armed militiamen are still sheltering in the main stronghold in Jabal Halal, as well as Jabal Amer area. Both were expected to be targeted in the presumed spring offensive.^[48]

On 26 January, Ansar Beit al-Maqdis, a militant group claimed responsibility for an escalating series of attacks on police and soldiers, and said in a statement posted on jihadist websites that it had succeeded in "downing a military helicopter with a surface-to-air missile and killing its entire crew in the area around the city of Sheikh Zuweid" in North Sinai, near the border with Gaza.^[49] Earlier that morning masked men in an SUV attacked a bus carrying soldiers in Sinai, killing at least three and injuring at least 11.^[49]

On 3 February, in what described as the biggest operation in the Egyptian army's ongoing offensive against militants in the Sinai, 30 suspected militants were killed and another 15 injured in a series of airstrikes and another 16 were arrested.^[50]

On 16 February 2014, a bomb exploded on or under a tour bus of a South Korean church group in the Egyptian city of Taba, which borders the Gulf of Aqaba and Eilat, Israel. The bombing killed 4 people – 3 South Koreans and the Egyptian bus driver – and injured 17 others.^[51] According to The New York Times, the bombing could "offer worrying new evidence that militants who have been attacking Egypt's security forces for months were broadening their campaign against civilians."^[52]

On 24 October 2014, 31 army and police soldiers were killed in two separate attacks in North Sinai. The attack was the largest ever since the start of the war on terror in Sinai. As a result of the attack, president Abdel Fattah el-Sisi declared a state of emergency in the governorate after meeting with the National Defence Council for several hours. The state of emergency was to last for three months and to include a daily curfew from 5pm to 7am until further notice.^[53]

On 10 November 2014, Ansar Bait al-Maqdis militant group pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant forming the "Province of Sinai" group with a confusingly similar name to two Egyptian regional governments.^[54]

On 14 November 2014, ISIL published a video online that included footage of the group carrying out the October 2014 Sinai attacks.^[55]

On 12 January 2015, Wilayat Sinai kidnapped a police officer while traveling in North Sinai and took him to an unknown location. In the following day on 13 January 2015, Egyptian military spokesperson announced the locating of the dead body of the officer after launching a search operation. He also said that during the operation 10 militants were killed, while 2 others were arrested.^[56]

On 26 January 2015, Wilayat Sinai published a video online that included the kidnapping and execution of the police officer kidnapped on 12 January.^[57]

On 29 January 2015, militants from the Wilayat Sinai militant group launched a series of attacks on army and police bases in Arish using car bombs and mortars.^[58] The attacks, which occurred in more than six different locations, resulted in 32 confirmed deaths including army personnel and civilians.^[59]

It was reported that on 7 February 2015 Egyptian security forces attached the Sinai Province group, killing 47 Islamic militants in Northern Sinai.

On 24 December 2013, sixteen people were killed and over a hundred people injured in a huge bomb which hit the Daqahliya Security Directorate in Mansoura. Ansar Beit al-Maqdis, a Sinai-based group, claimed responsibility for the attack.^[46]

On 5 August 2014, 5 policemen were killed in an attack on a police car on Matrouh road by armed militants.^[60]

On 28 November 2014, the militant group Province of Sinai claimed responsibility for the killing of 2 army personnel in Cairo and Qaliubiya.^[61][62]

On 1 December 2014, Ansar Beit al-Maqdis claimed responsibility for killing a United States citizen in Egypt's western desert in August 2014.^[63]

On 21 December 2014, the Egyptian police raided an Ansar Beit Al-Maqdis cell in the Nile Delta killing 5 members.^[64]

On 26 December 2014, two Ansar Beit al-Maqdis militants were killed in a gunfight in El-Salam City, on the eastern outskirts of the capital.^[65] The Ministry of Interior later identified one of the dead militants as the commander of Ansar Beit El-Maqdis in the Nile Delta.

Out of the approximately 15 main terror groups operating in the Sinai desert, the most dominant and active terror groups have close relations with the Gaza Strip.^[66] The Army of Islam, a U.S. designated terrorist organization based in the Gaza Strip, is responsible for training and supplying many militant organizations and jihadist members in Sinai.^[66] Mohammed Dormosh, the Army of Islam's leader, is known for his close relationships to the Hamas leadership.^[66] The Army of Islam smuggles members into the Gaza Strip for training, then returns them to the Sinai Peninsula to engage in terrorist and jihadist activities.^[67]

The disposition of Egyptian forces in Sinai peninsula mandated by the Camp David Accords and monitored by the 1,600 foreign troops that make up the U.N. Multinational Force and Observers. Egypt is permitted only enough forces in Sinai to enforce security.^[68]

With Israeli approval, in 2011 Egypt sent additional 2,500 troops and 250 armored personnel, with helicopters as part of Operation Eagle, a mission to provide security during the power transition from then-recently fallen Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.^[68] Operation Eagle was joined by Operation Sinai in 2012, which came in response to a militant attack against an Egyptian border post 5 August that killed 16 border guards. Together, the two operations increased the total troop count by more than 2,500 added 80 vehicles and at least two attack helicopters. Egypt also was allowed to deploy armed fighter jets to El Arish to assist its ground forces in Sinai.^[68][69]

Egypt's expanded force structure in Sinai is designed to deny militants sanctuary by bringing more force to bear than the municipal police alone can provide. Many of the new forces are stationed in the northeast of Sinai along the Egyptian border with Gaza. Setting up roadblocks and checkpoints to monitor and inspect traffic transiting the Sinai Peninsula to counter this smuggling.^[68]

After the October attacks, the Egyptian military began using armed drones for the first time since the Sinai insurgency began.^[70] And as a measure to counter weapon and militant trafficking between Egypt and Gaza strip, the Egyptian government announced the creation of a buffer zone along the Egypt-Gaza border.^[71]

In the two years since 2011, Israel has approved two Egyptian military increases in the Sinai Peninsula above levels set in the Camp David Accords, which mandates that the Sinai must remain demilitarized, with only enough forces in Sinai to enforce security.^[68][69][72] Israel did so because it is not in its interest to have unrest in Sinai, whether political protests or militant violence.^[68]

However in late 2012, concern began to be raised as Egypt began deploying more force and tanks without coordination from Israel. On 21 August, Israeli Foreign Minister Avigdor Lieberman said that it is important for Israel to make sure that the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty is upheld, and not to remain silent as Egyptian military forces enter the Sinai. Concern was raised by Israeli officials over Egyptian failure to notify Israel about the deployment of tanks in the Sinai, which violates the peace treaty. Lieberman said, "We must make sure that every detail is upheld, otherwise we'll find ourselves in a slippery slope as far as the peace treaty is concerned."^[73]

On the same day, Israeli daily Maariv reported that Israel sent a message to Egypt via the White House, protesting Egypt's ongoing increase in military presence in the Sinai without coordination from Israel, and telling Egypt that it must remove tanks from the Sinai because their presence violates the Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty of 1979, which states that Sinai Peninsula is to remain demilitarized. The Israeli daily Maariv reported was reinforced by an article in The New York Times, which stated that Israel was "troubled" by the entry of Egyptian tanks into the northern Sinai Peninsula without coordination with Israel and had asked Egypt to withdraw them.^[74] Partly due to Egypt's military deploying tanks in the Sinai Peninsula, Israel is increasingly worried about what has long been their most critical regional relationship.^[75] The lack of coordination around their deployment is seen as potentially undermining a peace treaty that has been a cornerstone of Israel’s security for decades according to the New York Times.^[75] Israel is also concerned that Egypt may use Operation Eagle to build up its military presence in the Sinai, and leave the tanks and armored carriers in the Sinai while not doing much more than symbolic action to eliminate the terrorist threat.^[76]

Israel has not issued a formal complaint, and instead prefers to resolve the issue through quiet contacts, as well as mediation from the U.S., to avoid straining its relationship with Egypt.^[77]

On 24 August 2012, a senior Egyptian military source said that Egyptian Defense Minister Abdel Fattah el-Sissi and Israeli Defense Minister Ehud Barak have reached an agreement on the issue of the militarization of the Sinai. Al Hayat reported that Sissi phoned Barak and said that Egypt was committed to maintaining the peace treaty with Israel.^[78] Sissi also said that the militarization was temporary, and was needed for security and to fight terrorism. However, an Israeli defense official denied that such a conversation took place.^[79]

In late August 2012, Egyptian President Morsi said that the security operations do not threaten anyone, and "there should not be any kind of international or regional concerns at all from the presence of Egyptian security forces." Morsi added that the campaign was in "full respect to international treaties," although the Egyptian-Israeli peace deal places limits on Egyptian military deployment in the Sinai.^[80]

On 8 September 2012, an Israeli official confirmed that coordination exists between Israel and Egypt regarding Operation Eagle. Egyptian Military spokesman Ahmed Mohammed Ali had earlier announced that Egypt has been consulting with Israel regarding its security measures in the Sinai.^[81]

According to CNN, in a move to increase security in the Sinai, help Egyptian President Mohamed Morsi, and reassure Israel, U.S. Defense Secretary Leon Panetta is offering Egypt classified intelligence-sharing capabilities to help Egypt identify military threats in the area, which he discussed during his recent trips to Egypt and Israel. The technology has been widely used in Iraq and Afghanistan to identify vehicles at great distances. The technology may also be used by the Multinational Force and Observers in Sinai. The United States is also offering increased intelligence sharing, including satellite imagery and drone flights, as well as cellphone intercepts and other communications among militants suspected of plotting attacks.^[82]

On 22 August 2012, the State Department urged Egypt to be transparent over Operation Eagle and any security operations in the Sinai. The State Department said that the United States supports Operation Eagle against terrorism, but stressed that Egypt must continue coordination with Israel regarding these operations and military increases in the Sinai, according to the 1979 Camp David Accords.^[83] The State Department also called on Egypt to fulfill its obligations under the 1979 Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty and deal strongly with security threats in the Sinai, while ensuring that "lines of communication stay open."^[84]

On 23 August 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, speaking with Egyptian Foreign Minister Mohamed Kamel Amr, urged Amr to maintain lines of communication with Israel, and emphasized the importance of being transparent over the militarization of the Sinai.^[77]

The Multinational Force and Observers in Sinai, a 1650-strong international organization created in 1979 during the Camp David Accords with peacekeeping responsibilities, kept a low profile during the intensification of Operation Eagle in 2012. A representative for the organization said that "we are unable to respond to queries from the media at this time" in response to whether Egypt asked permission to move weaponry into the Sinai, and whether Israel granted it.^[85]

The Egyptian pipeline carrying natural gas to Jordan, has been attacked at least 15 times since the start of the uprising in early 2011.^[86] The lack of Egyptian gas hit Jordan budget severely (by JD 1.4 billion or the equivalent of USD 2 billion yearly for the past two years) and they are looking for Egypt compensation for the lost quantities.^[87]

A Mada Masr journalist questioned the accuracy of Interior Ministry reports on at least two accusations.^[88] A CBS journalist named Clarissa Ward went in undercover to the Sinai and saw evidence of a scorched earth policy.^[89]

• 30 July 2011 - 6 Egyptian security forces killed.^{[citation needed]}
• 14 August–September 2011, Operation Eagle: 1 Islamist militant and 2 civilians killed.^{[citation needed]}
  • 15 August 2011 - 1 Islamist militant killed, 6 captured.^{[citation needed]}
  • 17 August 2011 - 2 Bedouins killed in unclear circumstances.^{[citation needed]}
• 18 August 2011 - 2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks, 6 Israeli civilians and two soldiers and 5 Egyptian soldiers killed, as well as 10 attackers.^{[citation needed]}

• 27 March 2012 - 2 smugglers killed.^[90]
• 15 April 2012 - 2 policemen killed.^[91]
• 2 May 2012 - 1 policemen killed.^[92]
• 19 May 2012 - 1 tribe chief killed.^[93]
• 4 June 2012 - 1 policeman killed.^[94]
• 18 June 2012, 1 Israeli civilian killed and 2 wounded by an attack on Israeli-Egyptian border fence.^[95]
• 5 August 2012, 2012 Egyptian–Israeli border attack, 16 Egyptian soldiers and 8 Islamist militants killed.^{[citation needed]}
• 7 August 2012, Operation Sinai (2012) - 32 militants and suspects killed, 38 arrested; 2 civilians killed (by early September 2012).^{[citation needed]}
  • 8 August 2012 – 20 militants killed in Sinai.^{[citation needed]}
  • 12 August 2012 – 7 suspected militants killed.^{[citation needed]}
  • 13 August 2012 – Armed men shot dead tribal leader Khalaf Al-Menahy and his son.^[96]
  • 29 August 2012 – Egyptian Army tanks and helicopters attack Jihadi cells, resulting in 11 dead militants and 23 more taken prisoner with no reported military casualties.^[97]
• 16 September 2012 - 1 Egyptian soldier killed.^[98]
• 21 September 2012 - September 2012 southern Israel cross-border attack, 1 Israeli soldier and 3 Islamist militants killed.
• 3 November 2012 - 3 Egyptian policemen killed.^[99]

• 16 April 2013 - Gunmen kill 1 Egyptian policeman.^[100]
• 7 May 2013 - 1 Egyptian civilian killed by Islamist gunmen.^[101]
• 21 May 2013 - 1 gunman killed in clashes.^[102]
• June–July 2013 - 1 Egyptian soldier and 20 gunmen killed in clashes.^[16]
• 3 July to 15 July 2013 - Following the ouster of Islamist President Morsi, 8 policemen, 2 Christians, one a priest, and five civilians have been killed in attacks by Islamist militants in the Sinai peninsula.^[15][103]
• 16–17 July 2013 - 10 militants killed.^[104]
• 17 July 2013 - 3 policemen killed.^[105]
• 18 July 2013 - 1 policeman killed.^[106]
• 19 July 2013 - 2 civilians killed.^[107]
• 21 July 2013 - 2 civilians, 2 officers, and 2 policemen killed.^[108]
• 22 July 2013 - 1 civilian killed.^[109]
• 24 July 2013 - 2 soldiers and 3 jihadists killed.^[110]
• 26 July 2013 - 1 civilian killed.^[111]
• 27–28 July 2013 - 10 militants killed.^[112]
• 28 July 2013 - 1 officer killed.^[113]
• 29 July 2013 - 4 soldiers killed.^[114]
• 30 July 2013 - 1 soldier killed.^[115]
• 2 August 2013 - 1 policeman killed.^[34]
• 5 August 2013 - 1 soldier killed.^[116]
• 7 August 2013 - 1 civilian killed.^[117]
• 9 August 2013 - 4 militants killed.^[118]
• 11 August 2013 - 12 militants killed.^[119]
• 14 August 2013 - 2 policemen and 1 army colonel killed.^[120][121]
• 15 August 2013 - 8 soldiers killed by insurgents near Arish.^[122]
• 17 August 2013 - 6 people killed.^[123]
• 18 August 2013 - 1 soldier killed.^[124]
• 19 August 2013 - 25 off service unarmed Central Security Forces soldiers were ambushed and executed by insurgents.^[125]
• 30 August 2013 - 3 militants,^[126] 2 policemen^[127] and one police chief were killed in separate attacks.^[128]
• 3 September 2013 - 15 militants killed.^[42]
• 4 September 2013 - 2 conscripts killed.^[129]
• 7 September 2013 - At least 31 militants killed.^[130]
• 11 September 2013 - 6 soldiers killed.^[131]
• 30 September 2013 - 3 policemen, 1 soldier, and 1 civilian killed.^[121]
• 7 October 2013 - A car bomb killed three police officers in southern Sinai, hours after masked gunmen shot dead six soldiers in a patrol car outside the Suez Canal city of Ismailiya.^[132]
• 10 October 2013 - A suicide bomber rammed his explosives-laden car into a checkpoint outside the city of al-Arish in Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, killing three soldiers and a policeman.^[133]
• 17 October 2013 - 6 militants killed.^[134]
• 18 October 2013 - 1 policeman killed.^[135]
• 21 October 2013 - 1 civilian killed.^[136]
• 22 Oct 2013 - One officer and a civilian driver killed.^[137]
• 23 October 2013 - 1 soldier killed.^[138]
• 6 November 2013 - 1 soldier killed^[139] and 3 Islamist militants killed.^[140]
• 7 November 2013 - 8 militants killed.^[141]
• 13 November 2013 - 2 militants killed.^[142]
• 14 November 2013 - 3 militants and two policeman killed.^[143][144]
• 15 November 2013 - 1 policeman killed.^[138]
• 16 November 2013 - 1 police officer shot dead in North Sinai.^[144]
• 20 November 2013 - 11 soldiers killed near el-Arish.^[145]
• 30 November 2013 - 3 militants killed.^[146]
• 9 December 2013 - Leading member of Ansar Bait al-Maqdis, Abu Suhaib, killed while shooting at police,^[147] 22 suspected militants captured.^[148]
• 10 December 2013 - Wanted Ansar Bait al-Maqdis militant, Abdulrahman Salama Salem Abu Eita captured.^[149]
• 13 December 2013 - Wanted Islamist militant, Ahmed Ahmeed Abu Sreig killed.^[150]
• 15 December 2013 - Wanted Islamist militant, Nesar Sabah Robaa Saleh, killed in Al-Arish.,^[151] 40 suspected captured.^[152]
• 16 December 2013 - Wanted militant named Abu Khaled was killed, 7 wanted militants and 20 suspected militants captured.^[153]
• 17 December 2013 - Wanted Islamist killed in Sinai.^[154]
• 18 December 2013 - 2 militants killed, 12 militants captured.^[155]
• 19 December 2013 - Two militants killed.^[156]
• 20 December 2013 - Two soldiers ^[157] and 3 militants killed.^[158]
• 22 December 2013 - 4 militants killed, 4 suspected militants captured.^[159]
• 24 December 2013 - 14 police officers killed, 2 civilians killed in an attack on a major police station.^[46]

• 4 January 2014 - 1 soldier killed.^[160]
• 13 January 2014 - 2 militants killed by their own bomb;^[161] approximately 5 militants killed in unclear circumstances.^[162]
• 16 January 2014 - 1 militant killed.^[163]
• 17 January 2014 - 13 militants killed.^[164]
• 18 January 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[165]
• 19 January 2014 - 1 militant killed.^[166]
• 25 January 2014 - 5 soldiers killed in attack on helicopter.^[167]
• 26 January 2014 - 4 soldiers killed.^[168]
• 29 January 2014 - 10 militants killed.^[169]
• 30 January 2014 - 7 militants ^[170] and one police officer killed.^[171]
• 31 January 2014 - 13 militants killed.^[172]
• 1 February 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[173]
• 3 February 2014 - 30 militants killed.^[50]
• 7 February 2014 - 20 militants killed.^[174]
• 9 February 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[174]
• 16 February 2014 - 4 civilians (including 3 South Koreans) killed in the 2014 Taba bus bombing.^[175]
• 20 February - 10 militants killed.^[176]
• 21–23 February - 14 militants killed.^[177]
• 1 March - 10 militants killed.^[178]
• 6 March - 1 policeman killed.^[179]
• 11 March - 7 militants killed.^[180]
• 17 March - 3 militants killed.^[181]
• 24 March - 3 militants killed.^[182]
• 30 March 2014 - 1 soldier killed.^[183]
• 1 April 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[184]
• 3 April 2014 - 1 CSF officer killed.^[185]
• 5 April 2014. - 4 militants killed.^[186]
• 11 April 2014 - 1 militant killed.^[187]
• 13 April 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[188]
• 16 April 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[189]
• 24 April 2014 - 6 militants killed.^[190]
• 27 April 2014 - 1 militant killed.^[191]
• 29 April 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[192]
• 1 May 2014 - 5 militants killed.^[193]
• 2 May 2014 - 2 killed in suicide bombing in El-Tor; 1 killed in suicide bombing near Sharm el-Sheikh.^[194]
• 11 May 2014 - 1 army conscript killed in shooting in Sheikh Zuweid.^[195]
• 14 May 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[196]
• 20 May 2014 - 6 militants killed.^[197]
• 22 May 2014 - 3 militants killed by suspected tribesmen.^[198]
• 23 May 2014 - 1 CSF officer killed.^[199]
• 28 May 2014 - 1 soldier killed.^[200]
• 5 June 2014 - 7 militants killed.^[201]
• 8 June 2014 - 1 civilian killed.^[202]
• 11 June 2014 - 1 soldier killed.^[203]
• 16 June 2014 - 8 extremists killed.^[204]
• 21 June 2014 - 8 militants killed.^[205][206]
• 22 June 2014 - 19 militants killed.^[205]
• 28 June 2014 - Militants killed four members of the Central Security Forces.^[207] Armed assailants shot at a police officer in his car in Al-Arish. Two men accompanying the officer were killed while he survived unscathed.^[208]
• 3 July 2014 - A raid carried out by the Egyptian army in North Sinai killed 17 Islamic militants.^[209]
• 9 July 2014 - 1 soldier killed.^[210]
• 14 July 2014 - 1 soldier and 7 civilians, including two children, were killed in two separate mortar attacks.^[211]
• 15 July 2014 - 7 militants ^[212] and one soldier killed.^[213]
• 18 July 2014 - 1 police officer killed.^[214]
• 21 July 2014 - 2 tribal leaders killed.^[215]
• 22 July 2014 - 1 security guard killed.^[216]
• 23 July 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[217]
• 24 July 2014 - 3 militants killed including Khaled el-Manaei brother of Shadi el-Manaei.^[218]
• 25 July 2014 - 2 CSF officers killed.^[219]
• 26 July 2014 - 12 militants were killed during an Egyptian Army raid near Sheikh Zuweid,^[220] while 4 children were killed in Rafah due to a rocket attack by suspected militants.^[221]
• 27 July 2014 - 14 militants killed by Egyptian security forces during raids on their hideouts in Sheikh Zuweid and Rafah.^[222]
• 29 July 2014 - A girl was killed by a rocket.^[223]
• 3 August 2014 - 5 militants killed in a military operation, during which security forces managed to destroy many of the militants' vehicles.^[224] A six-year old boy was killed when a rocket that was meant to target a security convoy hit his house, injuring four others.^[225]
• 4 August 2014 - 11 militants were killed during a military raid in several districts of North Sinai near the border with Israel. Three tunnels and a number of vehicles were destroyed in the process.^[226]
• 8 August 2014 - 11 militants killed.^[227]
• 11 August 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[228]
• 12 August 2014 - 9 alleged militants were killed by Egyptian army troops in North Sinai.^[229]
• 12 August 2014 - Two militants killed.^[230]
• 14 August 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[231]
• approximately 18 August 2014 - 4 civilians killed.^[232]
• 19 August 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[233]
• 20 August 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[234]
• 24 August 2014 - 14 militants killed.^[235]
• 31 August 2014 - 2 militants and one civilian killed. One of the militants was Fayez Abu-Sheta the key suspect in the kidnapping of a number of security personnel last year.^[12]
• 1 September 2014 - 6 militants killed.^[236]
• 2 September 2014 - 11 policemen^[237] and 7 militants killed.^[238]
• 3 September 2014 - 1 policeman killed.^[239]
• 5 September 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[240]
• 8 September 2014 - 1 police officer killed.^[241]
• 9 September 2014 - 2 militants^[242] and one civilian killed.^[243]
• 11 September 2014 - 1 civilian killed.^[244]
• 12 September 2014 - 1 army conscript killed.^[245]
• 13 September 2014 - 6 militants killed.^[246]
• 14 September 2014 - 4 militants killed.^[246]
• 16 September 2014 - 6 police killed.^[247]
• 19 September 2014 - A decapitated man was found in Sheikh Zuweid.^[248]
• 20 September 2014 - 1 militant killed.^[249]
• 21 September 2014 - 1 police officer killed.^[250]
• 22 September 2014 - 7 militants killed.^[251]
• 23 September 2014 - 4 militants killed.^[252]
• Approximately 26 September 2014 - 1 civilian killed.^[253]
• 27 September 2014 - 18 militants killed.^[254]
• 1 October 2014 - 7 militants killed.^[255]
• 2 October 2014 - 1 militant commander killed.^[256]
• 3 October 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[257]
• 5 October 2014 - Three people beheaded and one shot to death by Ansar Bait al-Maqdis.^[258]
• 6 October 2014 - A 13-year old boy was killed by an IED.^[259]
• 7 October 2014 - 17 militants killed.^[260]
• 9 October 2014 - 15 militants killed.^[261]
• 10 October 2014 - Shehata Farhan a top member of Ansar Beit al-Maqdis was killed.^[262]
• 12 October 2014 - 3 dead bodies found south of Al Arish city.^[263]
• 16 October 2014 - 3 policemen killed in a RPG attack.^[264]
• 17 October 2014 - Ansar Bait al-Maqdis leader captured in Arish^[265] and 3 killed in an IED attack.^[266]
• 18 October 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[267] 3 officers killed while destroying an underground tunnel.^[268]
• 19 October 2014 - 7 army officers killed.^[269]
• 21 October 2014 - 1 civilian killed.^[270]
• 22 October 2014 - 2 Israeli soldiers injured.^[271]
• 24 October 2014 - 33 security personnel killed.^[272]
• 26 October 2014 - 7 militants killed.^[273][274]
• 30 October 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[275]
• 31 October 2014 - 7 military personnel injured^[276] and 1 civilian killed.^[277]
• 3 November 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[278]
• 6 November 2014 - 4 civilians killed.^[279]
• 7 November 2014 - 5 militants killed.^[280]
• 8 November 2014 - 8 militants killed.^[281]
• 13 November 2014 - 3 soldiers and 2 police killed.^[282]
• 14 November 2014 - 5 militants killed.^[283]
• 15 November 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[284]
• 18 November 2014 - 7 civilians and 3 militants killed.^[285]
• 21 November 2014 - 2 militants killed in an explosion, while 5 other militants were killed in security raids.^[286]
• 22 November 2014 - 10 militants killed.^[287]
• 23 November 2014 - 11 militants and 1 policeman killed.^[288][289]
• 25 November 2014 - 5 militants killed.^[290]
• 26 November 2014 - 3 policemen^[291] and 9 militants killed.^[292]
• 27 November 2014 - 3 civilians found dead.^[293]
• 28 November 2014 - 6 army personnel injured.^[294]
• 2 December 2014 - 6 civilians found dead.^[295]
• 4 December 2014 - 2 civilians found dead.^[296]
• 10 December 2014 - 5 militants killed.^[297]
• 12 December 2014 - 17 militants killed.^[298]
• 14 December 2014 - 2 police officers killed.^[299]
• 15 December 2014 - 3 militants killed.^[300]
• 17 December 2014 - 5 militants killed.^[301]
• 18 December 2014 - 9 militants killed.^[302]
• 19 December 2014 - 1 militants killed.^[303]
• 20 December 2014 - 6 militants killed.^[304]
• 21 December 2014 - 7 militants ^[305] and 4 civilians killed.^[306]
• 25 December 2014 - 1 militant killed.^[307]
• 26 December 2014 - 2 army personnel killed.^[308]
• 28 December 2014 - 2 militants killed.^[309]

• 2 January 2015 - 1 militant killed.^[310]
• 4 January 2015 - 1 soldier killed.^[311]
• 10 January 2015 - 2 civilians found dead.^[312]
• 12 January 2015 - 7 civilians found dead.^[313]
• 13 January 2014 - Kidnapped police officer found dead.^[314] and 5 civilians killed.^[315]
• 14 January 2015 - 7 militants killed.^[316]
• 15 January 2015 - 1 army officer and 3 civilians killed.^[317][318]
• 16 January 2015 - 1 civilian killed.^[319]
• 19–20 January 2015 - 4 militants killed.^[320]
• 26 January 2015 - 3 militants killed and 3 civilians found dead.^[321][322]
• 29 January 2015 - 44 killed including 24 soldiers, 14 civilians and 6 policemen and 1 civilian found dead; 2 militants killed.^{[323][324][325]}
• 30 January 2015 - 2 civilians^[326] and 3 militants killed.^[327]
• 1 February 2015 - 3 civilians killed.^[328]
• 2 February 2015 - 1 civilian killed.^[329]
• 3 February 2015 - 8 militants killed.^[330]
• 5 February 2015 - 1 conscript killed.^[331]
• 6 February 2015 - 27 militants killed^[332] and 1 civilian killed.^[333]

• Arab Spring
• List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

• Zack Gold, Security in the Sinai: Present and Future (International Centre for Counter-Terrorism - The Hague, 2014)

• Egyptian Armed Forces