Egypt (Arabic : مصر Miṣr [mesˁr] , Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [mɑsˤr] ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt , is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia . It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north , the Gaza Strip of Palestine and Israel to the northeast , the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south , and Libya to the west . The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia . Cairo is the capital and largest city of Egypt , while Alexandria , the second-largest city, is an important industrial and tourist hub at the Mediterranean coast . At approximately 100 million inhabitants, Egypt is the 14th-most populated country in the world , and the third-most populated in Africa, behind Nigeria and Ethiopia .
Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE. Considered a cradle of civilisation , Ancient Egypt saw some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Egypt's long and rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, which reflects its unique transcontinental location being simultaneously Mediterranean , Middle Eastern and North African . Egypt was an early and important centre of Christianity , but was largely Islamised in the seventh century. Modern Egypt dates back to 1922, when it gained independence from the British Empire as a monarchy. Following the 1952 revolution , Egypt declared itself a republic , and in 1958 it merged with Syria to form the United Arab Republic , which dissolved in 1961. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, Egypt endured social and religious strife and political instability, fighting several armed conflicts with Israel in 1948 , 1956 , 1967 and 1973 , and occupying the Gaza Strip intermittently until 1967. In 1978, Egypt signed the Camp David Accords , officially withdrawing from the Gaza Strip and recognising Israel . After the Arab Spring, which led to the 2011 Egyptian revolution and overthrow of Hosni Mubarak , the country faced a protracted period of political unrest ; this included the election in 2012 of a brief, short-lived Muslim Brotherhood -aligned Islamist government spearheaded by Mohamed Morsi , and its subsequent overthrow after mass protests in 2013 .
Egypt is considered to be a regional power in North Africa , the Middle East and the Muslim world , and a middle power worldwide. It is a developing country having a diversified economy, which is the third-largest in Africa , the 38th-largest economy by nominal GDP and 127th by nominal GDP per capita. Egypt is a founding member of the United Nations , the Non-Aligned Movement , the Arab League , the African Union , Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , World Youth Forum , and a member of BRICS . (Full article... )
The following are images from various Egypt-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 Change in per capita GDP of Egypt, 1820–2018. Figures are inflation-adjusted to 2011 International dollars. (from
Egypt )
Image 2 The High Court of Justice in
Downtown Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 3 Tanoura dancers performing in Wekalet El Ghoury, Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 4 The
Narmer Palette depicts the unification of the Two Lands. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 5 Glassmaking was a highly developed art. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 6 Female nationalists demonstrating in
Cairo , 1919 (from
Egypt )
Image 7 The
Suez Canal (from
Egypt )
Image 8 Egypt under Muhammad Ali dynasty (from
Egypt )
Image 9 The pharaoh was usually depicted wearing symbols of royalty and power. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 10 Early tomb painting from
Nekhen ,
c. 3500 BC , Naqada, possibly Gerzeh, culture (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 11 The
Fayum mummy portraits epitomize the meeting of Egyptian and Roman cultures. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 12 Pharaohs' tombs were provided with vast quantities of wealth, such as the
golden mask from the mummy of Tutankhamun . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 13 Sennedjem plows his fields in
Aaru with a pair of oxen,
Deir el-Medina (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 14 Egyptian literacy rate among the population aged 15 years and older by UNESCO Institute of Statistics (from
Egypt )
Image 17 The well preserved Temple of Isis from
Philae is an example of
Egyptian architecture and
architectural sculpture (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 18 Egypt's topography (from
Egypt )
Image 19 A tomb relief depicts workers plowing the fields, harvesting the crops, and threshing the grain under the direction of an overseer, painting in the tomb of
Nakht (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 20 Measuring and recording the harvest, from the tomb of
Menna at
Thebes (Eighteenth Dynasty). (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 22 Muhammad Ali was the founder of the
Muhammad Ali dynasty and the first
Khedive of Egypt and
Sudan . (from
Egypt )
Image 23 Hieroglyphs on stela in
Louvre , c. 1321 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 24 Soad Hosny , film star (from
Egypt )
Image 25 Four colossal statues of
Ramesses II flank the entrance of his temple
Abu Simbel (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 26 The "weighing of the heart" scene from the
Book of the Dead (from
Egypt )
Image 27 The
Giza Necropolis is the oldest of the
ancient Wonders and the only one still in existence. (from
Egypt )
Image 28 The Weighing of the Heart from the
Book of the Dead of Ani (from
Egypt )
Image 29 Model of a household porch and garden,
c. 1981–1975 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 31 Egyptian
tomb models as funerary goods. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 32 The
Edwin Smith surgical papyrus describes anatomy and medical treatments, written in
hieratic ,
c. 1550 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 35 Egypt's population density (people per km
2 ) (from
Egypt )
Image 36 Temple of Derr ruins in 1960 (from
Egypt )
Image 37 Seagoing ship of an expedition to Punt, from a relief of
Hatshepsut's Mortuary temple , Deir el-Bahari (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 38 Hunting game birds and plowing a field, tomb of
Nefermaat and his wife
Itet (
c. 2700 BC ) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 39 Ancient Egyptians playing music (from
Egypt )
Image 41 Egyptians celebrated feasts and festivals, accompanied by music and dance. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 43 Khafre enthroned (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 44 Cairo grew into a
metropolitan area with a population of over 20 million. (from
Egypt )
Image 45 Ruins of Deir el-Medina (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 47 Wooden figures of soldiers, from the tomb of nomarch
Mesehti (
11th dynasty ) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 48 Women in Cairo wear face masks during the
COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt in March 2020. (from
Egypt )
Image 49 Protesters from the Third Square movement, which supported neither the former Morsi government nor the Armed Forces, 31 July 2013 (from
Egypt )
Image 50 A figure wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt , most probably
Amenemhat II or
Senwosret II . It functioned as a divine guardian for the
imiut ; the divine kilt, suggests that the statuette was not merely a representation of the living ruler. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 51 Smart Village , a business district established in 2001 to facilitate the growth of high-tech businesses (from
Egypt )
Image 53 Statues of two pharaohs of Egypt's
Twenty-Fifth Dynasty and several other
Kushite kings,
Kerma Museum . (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 55 Egyptian President
Gamal Abdel Nasser in Mansoura, 1960 (from
Egypt )
Image 56 Prominent Egyptian dissident
Alaa Abd El-Fattah was sentenced to five years of imprisonment in December 2021. (from
Egypt )
Image 57 Al-Azhar Park is listed as one of the world's sixty great public spaces by the
Project for Public Spaces . (from
Egypt )
Image 58 Menna and Family Hunting in the Marshes, Tomb of Menna,
c. 1400 BC (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 59 The
Book of the Dead was a guide to the deceased's journey in the afterlife. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 60 Naguib Mahfouz , the first Arabic-language writer to win the
Nobel Prize in Literature (from
Egypt )
Image 61 Coffin of Khnumnakht in 12th dynasty style, with palace facade, columns of inscriptions, and two Wedjat eyes (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 63 Tutankhamun's burial mask is one of the major attractions of the
Egyptian Museum of Cairo. (from
Egypt )
Image 64 The
Temple of Dendur , completed by 10 BC,
Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 65 Rectangular fishpond with ducks and
lotus planted round with date palms and fruit trees,
Tomb of Nebamun , Thebes, 18th Dynasty (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 66 Illustration of various types of capitals, by
Karl Richard Lepsius (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 70 Lower-class occupations (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 71 Egyptian tanks advancing in the Sinai desert during the
Yom Kippur War , 1973 (from
Egypt )
Image 72 A typical
Naqada II jar decorated with gazelles (Predynastic Period) (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 73 The Cairo Metro (line 2) (from
Egypt )
Image 74 Tourists riding an
Arabian camel in front of
Pyramid of Khafre . The
Giza Necropolis is one of Egypt's main tourist attractions. (from
Egypt )
Image 75 Salah Zulfikar , film star (from
Egypt )
Image 76 Egypt is the eighth most water stressed country in the world. (from
Egypt )
Image 77 A crowd at Cairo Stadium watching the
Egypt national football team (from
Egypt )
Image 79 British infantry near
El Alamein , 17 July 1942 (from
Egypt )
Image 80 Frontispiece of
Description de l'Égypte , published in 38 volumes between 1809 and 1829. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 81 Painted limestone relief of a noble member of Ancient Egyptian society during the New Kingdom (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 82 The Ptolemaic Queen
Cleopatra VII and her son by Julius Caesar,
Caesarion , at the
Temple of Dendera (from
Egypt )
Image 83 The
Qattara Depression in Egypt's north west (from
Egypt )
Image 84 Napoleon defeated the
Mamluk troops in the
Battle of the Pyramids , 21 July 1798, painted by
Lejeune . (from
Egypt )
Image 85 The
Al-Hakim Mosque in Cairo, of
Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah , the sixth caliph, as renovated by
Dawoodi Bohra (from
Egypt )
Image 86 Green irrigated land along the Nile amidst the desert and in the delta (from
Egypt )
Image 87 The
pyramids of Giza are among the most recognizable symbols of ancient Egyptian civilization. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 88 The
Amr ibn al-As mosque in Cairo, recognized as the oldest in Africa (from
Egypt )
Image 89 President el-Sisi with US President
Joe Biden , 11 November 2022 (from
Egypt )
Image 90 Tutankhamun charging enemies on his
chariot , 18th dynasty. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 91 Kushari , one of Egypt's national dishes (from
Egypt )
Image 92 The
Egyptian Museum of Cairo (from
Egypt )
Image 93 The gods
Osiris ,
Anubis , and
Horus in the tomb of Horemheb (
KV57 ) in the Valley of the Kings. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 94 Smoke rises from oil tanks beside the
Suez Canal hit during the initial
Anglo-French assault on Egypt, 5 November 1956. (from
Egypt )
Image 95 Anubis , the god associated with mummification and burial rituals, attending to a mummy. (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 96 Arabic calligraphy has seen its golden age in
Cairo . This adornment and beads being sold in
Muizz Street (from
Culture of Egypt )
Image 97 An offshore platform in the Darfeel Gas Field (from
Egypt )
Image 98 The
Eastern Imperial Eagle is the national animal of Egypt. (from
Egypt )
Image 99 Hatshepsut's trading expedition to the
Land of Punt (from
Ancient Egypt )
Image 101 Egyptian honor guard soldiers during a visit of U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen (from
Egypt )
Pope Shenouda III (Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ʃeˈnuːdæ] ; Coptic : Ⲡⲁⲡⲁ Ⲁⲃⲃⲁ Ϣⲉⲛⲟⲩϯ ⲅ̅ Papa Abba Šenoude pimah šoumt ; Arabic : بابا الإسكندرية شنودة الثالث Bābā al-Iskandarīyah Shinūdah al-Thālith ; 3 August 1923 – 17 March 2012) was the 117th Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of the See of St. Mark . His papacy lasted 40 years, 4 months, and 4 days, from 14 November 1971 until his death.
His official title was
Pope of Alexandria and the Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist, Father of fathers, Shepherd of shepherds, Successor of Saint Mark, thirteenth among the Apostles, Ecumenical Judge, Beloved of Christ . He was also the head of the
Holy Synod of the Coptic Orthodox Church . He was known as a conservative figure within the church, and was respected within the Muslim community. (
Full article... )
List of selected biographies
Molokhiya , a traditional dish that dates back to Ancient Egypt , served with rice and chicken.
Egyptian cuisine makes heavy use of poultry, legumes , vegetables and fruit from Egypt 's rich Nile Valley and Delta .
Examples of Egyptian dishes include rice-stuffed vegetables and grape leaves , hummus , falafel , shawarma , kebab and kofta . ful medames , mashed fava beans ; koshary , lentils and pasta; and molokhiya , bush okra stew.
A local type of
pita bread known as
eish baladi (
Egyptian Arabic :
عيش بلدي ) is a staple of Egyptian cuisine, and cheesemaking in Egypt dates back to the
First Dynasty of Egypt , with
Domiati being the most popular type of cheese consumed today. (
Full article... )
Religions in Egypt
Arab states
Other countries
NC - Non-consecutive terms; Bold - Current