Portal:Turkey
Merhaba! Türkiye portalına hoşgeldiniz. Hi! Welcome to the Turkey portal.
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Iran to the east; Iraq, Syria, and the Mediterranean Sea (and Cyprus) to the south; and the Aegean Sea, Greece, and Bulgaria to the west. Turkey is home to over 85 million people; most are ethnic Turks, while ethnic Kurds are the largest ethnic minority. Officially a secular state, Turkey has a Muslim-majority population. Ankara is Turkey's capital and second-largest city; Istanbul is its largest city, and its economic and financial center, as well as the largest city in Europe. Other major cities include İzmir, Bursa, Antalya, Konya and Adana.
Human habitation began in the Late Paleolithic. Home to important Neolithic sites like Göbekli Tepe and some of the earliest farming areas, present-day Turkey was inhabited by various ancient peoples. Hattians were assimilated by the incoming Anatolian peoples. Increasing diversity during Classical Anatolia transitioned into cultural Hellenization following the conquests of Alexander the Great; Hellenization continued during the Roman and Byzantine eras. The Seljuk Turks began migrating into Anatolia in the 11th century, starting the Turkification process. The Seljuk Sultanate of Rum ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243, when it disintegrated into Turkish principalities. Beginning in 1299, the Ottomans united the principalities and expanded; Mehmed II conquered Istanbul in 1453. During the reigns of Selim I and Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire became a global power. From the late 18th century onwards, the empire's power and territory declined; reforms were also made.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman contraction and in the Russian Empire resulted in large-scale loss of life and mass migration into modern-day Turkey from the Balkans, Caucasus, and Crimea. Under the control of Three Pashas following a coup, the Ottoman Empire entered World War I in 1914. During the war, the Ottoman government committed genocides against its Armenian, Greek and Assyrian subjects. After its defeat, the Ottoman Empire was partitioned. The Turkish War of Independence resulted in the abolition of the sultanate in 1922 and the signing of the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923. The Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923, modelled on the reforms initiated by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Turkey remained neutral during most of World War II, but was involved in the Korean war. Coups in 1960 and 1980 interrupted the transition to a multi-party system.
Turkey is an upper-middle-income and emerging country; its economy is the 17th- or 11th-largest in the world. It is a unitary presidential republic. Turkey is a founding member of the OECD, G20, and Organization of Turkic States. With a geopolitically significant location, Turkey is a regional power and an early member of NATO. An EU-candidate, Turkey is part of the EU Customs Union, CoE, OIC, and TURKSOY. Turkey has coastal plains, a high central plateau, and various mountain ranges; its climate is temperate with harsher conditions in the interior. Home to three biodiversity hotspots, Turkey is prone to frequent earthquakes and is highly vulnerable to climate change. Turkey has universal healthcare, growing access to education, and increasing innovativeness. It has 21 UNESCO World Heritage sites, 30 UNESCO intangible cultural heritage inscriptions, and a rich and diverse cuisine. Turkey is a leading TV content exporter and is the fourth most visited country in the world. (Full article...)
Selected article -
Censorship in Turkey is regulated by domestic and international legislation, the latter (in theory) taking precedence over domestic law, according to Article 90 of the Constitution of Turkey (so amended in 2004).
Despite legal provisions, freedom of the press in Turkey has steadily deteriorated from 2010 onwards, with a precipitous decline following the attempted coup in July 2016. The Turkish government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan has arrested hundreds of journalists, closed or taken over dozens of media outlets, and prevented journalists and their families from traveling. By some accounts, Turkey currently accounts for one-third of all journalists imprisoned around the world. (Full article...)General images
- Beaches and marina of
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Adnan Menderes, İsmet İnönü, and the other members of the Parliament wearing a white tie and top hat. (from Culture of Turkey)
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Roosevelt, İnönü and Churchill at the Second Cairo Conference which was held between 4–6 December 1943. (from History of Turkey)
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Turkish Riviera. (from Geography of Turkey)Butterfly Valley on the
- Designed by Şekip Akalın,
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Namık Kemal was a prominent Turkish poet, novelist, playwright and journalist of the late-19th-century Ottoman Empire. (from Culture of Turkey)
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Recaizade Mahmud Ekrem (1847–1914) was another prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
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Turkish coffee (from Culture of Turkey)
- View of
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Sami Frashëri (1850–1904) and his wife Emine, May 1884. (from Culture of Turkey)
- Originally a church, later a mosque, and now a Grand mosque, the
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Lake Van (from Geography of Turkey)
- Yalikavak Palmarina in
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Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca was one of the most prolific Turkish poets of the Turkish Republic with more than 60 collections of his poems published, laureate of the Struga Poetry Evenings Golden Wreath Award. (from Culture of Turkey)
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Ishak Pasha Palace, Eastern Turkey. (from Culture of Turkey)The
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1350–1300 BC represented by the green line (from History of Turkey)Map of the Hittite Empire at its greatest extent, with Hittite rule c.
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Anatolian Plate, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault in Turkey. (from Geography of Turkey)Map showing the
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Levent district in Istanbul. Istanbul's skyline has changed especially since the early 2000s. (from Culture of Turkey)View from
- Ortaköy Mosque in the first quarter of the 20th century (from
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Topkapı Palace, Istanbul. (from Culture of Turkey)
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Oil wrestling tournament in Istanbul. This has been the national sport of Turkey since Ottoman times. (from Culture of Turkey)An
- Interior of the
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Istanbul Sapphire (2006–11) is the tallest building in Turkey and 4th in Europe. (from Culture of Turkey)
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Taksim Mosque (from Culture of Turkey)Night view of the
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Fountain of Ahmed III is an iconic example of Tulip period architecture (from Culture of Turkey)The
- Antalya (from
- View of
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Ankara Opera House, designed by Şevki Balmumcu (1933–34) and renovation by Paul Bonatz (1946–47). (from Culture of Turkey)
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Turkish national basketball team won the silver medal in the 2010 FIBA World Championship. (from Culture of Turkey)
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Justinian the Great, at its greatest extent since the fall of the Western Roman Empire (its vassals in pink) (from History of Turkey)The empire in 555 under
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Lydian Kingdom in its final period of sovereignty under Croesus, c. 547 BC. (from History of Turkey)Map of the
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Istanbul University Faculty of Science and Faculty of Literature Buildings (1944–52) designed by Sedad Hakkı Eldem and Emin Onat (from Culture of Turkey)
- Thrace and the Thracian Odrysian kingdom in its maximum extent under Sitalces (431-424 BC) (from
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John Frederick Lewis (1805–1875) (from Culture of Turkey)A view from the interior of a traditional Turkish house, by
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Köppen climate types of Turkey (from Geography of Turkey)
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Mount Ararat (from Geography of Turkey)
- Istanbul (from
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Dolmabahçe Palace. (from Culture of Turkey)One of the main entrance gates of the
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Turkish delight (from Culture of Turkey)
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Sardis in Turkey. (from History of Turkey)The Bath-Gymnasium complex at
- Map showing events of the first phases of the Greco-Persian Wars (from
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Atatürk on the cover of the Time magazine, Vol. I No. 4, March 24, 1923. Title: "Mustapha Kemal Pasha" (from History of Turkey)
- Ankara (from
- The Ottoman Empire in
- A view of
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Ziraat Bank Headquarters (1925–29) in Ankara designed by Giulio Mongeri is an important symbol of the First National Architectural Movement. (from Culture of Turkey)First
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Tevfik Fikret (1867–1915) was a prominent Turkish poet of the late Ottoman era. (from Culture of Turkey)
- The sultan of the golden age,
- Map of earthquakes in Turkey 1900–2023 (from
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Karagöz and Hacivat are the lead characters of the traditional Turkish shadow play, popularized during the Ottoman period. (from Culture of Turkey)
Did you know -
- ... that the 1903 Turkey earthquake killed 3,500 humans and 20,000 animals and registered a magnitude of 7.0? (May 9, 2010)
- ... that the Mosque of Kefeli in Istanbul was used jointly as a church by Roman Catholic and Armenian believers before becoming a mosque? (July 20, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 155
- ... that a hydro dam was built by a state agency within the borders of the Munzur Valley National Park in Turkey, violating the existing laws for its protection? (October 28, 2010)
- ... that Bulgarian Dobri Zhelyazkov founded the first textile factory in the Ottoman Empire? (February 2, 2007) Wikipedia:Recent additions 118
- ... that the Shrapnel Valley Cemetery at Gallipoli is named after the distinctive sound produced by shrapnel in the area? (October 13, 2007)
- ... that the Church of St. George of Samatya in Istanbul may have been given to the Armenian community because of the intercession of a favorite of Sultan Ibrahim? (October 22, 2011)
- ... that the world's longest tunnel system is the two parallel tunnels at the Atatürk Dam of Şanlıurfa in southeastern Turkey? (February 14, 2008)
Selected picture
- A faculty of
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Flag of Turkey, from flowers
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Golden Horn in the city of Istanbul.The sun setting over the
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Safranbolu
- the
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Priene, an ancient site near Turunçlar in Aydın province.The Temple of Athena at
- A
- An
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1. picture on portal: The prominent towers of Dayro d-Mor Gabriel; 15th December 2005
- The ancient
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18th-century Ottoman barber's apron
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Mahmud II. "Mahmud Han bin Abdulhamid muzaffer daima" ("Mahmud Khan son of Abdulhamid is forever victorious").The tughra of
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Lake Akdoğan in Muş
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Aydilge Sarp; Turkish singer, songwriter and novelist
- the
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Antalya
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Tarkan with Hungarian fans
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Iznik, 16th-century vase
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Atatürk praying
Selected biography -
Kamer Daron Acemoğlu (Turkish: [daˈɾon aˈdʒemoːɫu]; born September 3, 1967) is a Turkish-born American economist who has taught at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology since 1993, where he is currently the Elizabeth and James Killian Professor of Economics. He received the John Bates Clark Medal in 2005, and was named an Institute Professor at MIT in 2019.
Born to Armenian parents in Istanbul, Acemoglu received a BA from the University of York in 1989, and a PhD from the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1992. He lectured at LSE for a year before joining the Department of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was awarded the John Bates Clark Medal in 2005. Acemoglu is best known for his work on political economy. He has authored hundreds of papers, many of them with his long-time collaborators Simon Johnson and James A. Robinson. With Robinson, he co-authored the books Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy (2006) and Why Nations Fail (2012). The latter, an influential book on the role that institutions play in shaping nations' economic outcomes, receive wide scholarly and media attention. Described as a centrist, he believes in a regulated market economy. He regularly comments on political issues, economic inequality, and a variety of specific policies. (Full article...)Selected video -
Selected quote -
“ | A satiated man doesn't know what's hunger, a healthy man doesn't know what's disease. | ” |
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