1886 United States House of Representatives elections
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 325 seats in the United States House of Representatives 163 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Results
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
The 1886 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 2, 1886, with three states holding theirs early between June and September. They occurred in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term. Elections were held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 50th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
As in many midterm elections, the President's party lost seats to the opposition, in this case, Democrats lost seats to Republicans, although a narrow majority was retained. Many of these Republican pickups were in the industrializing Midwest states, where the debate over tariffs, which were advocated by Republicans to protect domestic industry but opposed by Democrats to allow for free agricultural trade, led to political change. The small Labor Party, supported by industrial workers, gained one seat each in Virginia and Wisconsin, while the Greenback Party maintained its one seat in Iowa (James B. Weaver). One Independent was also elected in North Carolina.
Election summaries
167 | 6 | 152 |
Democratic | [d] | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats |
Democratic | Republican | Others | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | |||
Alabama | District | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |||
Arkansas | District | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |||
California | District | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
Colorado | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Connecticut | District | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |||
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |||
Florida | District | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |||
Georgia | District | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |||
Illinois | District | 20 | 6 | 4 | 14 | 4 | 0 | |
Indiana | District | 13 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 3 | 0 | |
Iowa | District | 11 | 1 | 2 | 9[e] | 2 | 1[f] | |
Kansas | District | 7 | 0 | 7[e] | 0 | |||
Kentucky | District | 11 | 8 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | |
Louisiana | District | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Maine | District | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | |||
Maryland | District | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |||
Massachusetts | District | 12 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 0 | |
Michigan | District | 11 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 0 | |
Minnesota | District | 5 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 0 | |
Mississippi | District | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |||
Missouri | District | 14 | 12 | 2 | 0 | |||
Nebraska | District | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
New Hampshire | District | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
New Jersey | District | 7 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
New York | District | 34 | 16 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 0 | |
North Carolina | District | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Ohio | District | 21 | 6 | 5 | 15 | 5 | 0 | |
Oregon | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |||
Pennsylvania | District + at-large |
28 | 8 | 20 | 0 | |||
Rhode Island | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
South Carolina | District | 7 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Tennessee | District | 10 | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Texas | District | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |||
Vermont | District | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |||
Virginia | District | 10 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 1[g] | 1 |
West Virginia | District | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |||
Wisconsin | District | 9 | 1 | 1 | 7 | 1[g] | 1 | |
Total | 325 | 167[1] 51.4% |
16 | 154[1][c] 47.4% |
13 | 4[1] 1.2% |
3 |
There were 2 Labor and 1 Independent members elected, and 1 Greenback member re-elected. The previous election saw just the Greenback elected.
Special elections
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2019) |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 15 | Lewis Beach | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent died August 10, 1886. New member elected November 2, 1886. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to the next term; see below. |
|
Wisconsin 5 | Joseph Rankin | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent died January 24, 1886. New member elected February 23, 1886. Democratic hold. |
|
Election dates
In all the states except three, elections were held November 2, 1886. Those three states, with 7 seats among them, held elections:
Alabama
Arkansas
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[3] | |
Arkansas 1 | Poindexter Dunn | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 2 | Clifton R. Breckinridge | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 3 | Thomas C. McRae | Democratic | 1885 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 4 | John H. Rogers | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arkansas 5 | Samuel W. Peel | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Arizona Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
California
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | Barclay Henley | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold |
|
California 2 | James A. Louttit | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
California 3 | Joseph McKenna | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 4 | William W. Morrow | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 5 | Charles N. Felton | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
California 6 | Henry Markham | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold |
|
Colorado
Connecticut
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[4] | |
Connecticut 1 | John R. Buck | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Connecticut 2 | Charles L. Mitchell | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Connecticut 3 | John T. Wait | Republican | 1876 (special) | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Connecticut 4 | Edward W. Seymour | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Dakota Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Delaware
Florida
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Robert H. M. Davidson | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Florida 2 | Charles Dougherty | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia
Idaho Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | Thomas B. Reed | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maine 2 | Nelson Dingley Jr. | Republican | 1881 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maine 3 | Seth L. Milliken | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maine 4 | Charles A. Boutelle | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Maryland
Massachusetts
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | Robert T. Davis | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 2 | John Davis Long | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 3 | Ambrose A. Ranney | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 4 | Patrick A. Collins | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | Edward D. Hayden | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 6 | Henry B. Lovering | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Massachusetts 7 | Eben F. Stone | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | Charles H. Allen | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 9 | Frederick D. Ely | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 10 | William W. Rice | Republican | 1876 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Massachusetts 11 | William Whiting II | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 12 | Francis W. Rockwell | Republican | 1884 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | William C. Maybury | Democratic Fusion |
1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 2 | Nathaniel B. Eldredge | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Michigan 3 | James O'Donnell | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 4 | Julius C. Burrows | Republican | 1872 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 5 | Charles C. Comstock | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 6 | Edwin B. Winans | Democratic Fusion |
1876 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Michigan 7 | Ezra C. Carleton | Democratic Fusion |
1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 8 | Timothy E. Tarsney | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 9 | Byron M. Cutcheon | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 10 | Spencer O. Fisher | Democratic Fusion |
1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Michigan 11 | Seth C. Moffatt | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[17] | |
Minnesota 1 | Milo White | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Minnesota 2 | James Wakefield | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Minnesota 3 | Horace B. Strait | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Minnesota 4 | John Gilfillan | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Minnesota 5 | Knute Nelson | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | John M. Allen | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 2 | James B. Morgan | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 3 | Thomas C. Catchings | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 4 | Frederick G. Barry | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 5 | Otho R. Singleton | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 6 | Henry S. Van Eaton | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Mississippi 7 | Ethelbert Barksdale | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
Missouri
Montana Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Nebraska
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | Archibald J. Weaver | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic gain. |
|
Nebraska 2 | James Laird | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nebraska 3 | George W. E. Dorsey | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
New York
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 15 | Lewis Beach | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent died August 10, 1886. Democratic hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term. |
|
North Carolina
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | Samuel Dibble | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 2 | George D. Tillman | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 3 | D. Wyatt Aiken | Democratic | 1876 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
South Carolina 4 | William H. Perry | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 5 | John J. Hemphill | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 6 | George W. Dargan | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
South Carolina 7 | Robert Smalls | Republican | 1884 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Tennessee
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Augustus H. Pettibone | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Tennessee 2 | Leonidas C. Houk | Republican | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 3 | John R. Neal | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Benton McMillin | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | Andrew J. Caldwell | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 7 | John G. Ballentine | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 8 | John M. Taylor | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Presley T. Glass | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 10 | Zachary Taylor | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain. |
|
Texas
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[40] | |
Texas 6 | Olin Wellborn | Democratic | 1878 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
Utah Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Vermont
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[41] | |
Vermont 1 | John W. Stewart | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Vermont 2 | William W. Grout | Republican | 1880 1882 (lost) 1884 |
Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[42] | |
Virginia 1 | Thomas Croxton | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Virginia 2 | Harry Libbey | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Virginia 3 | George D. Wise | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 4 | James Dennis Brady | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Republican hold. |
|
Virginia 5 | George Cabell | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Virginia 6 | John W. Daniel | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Labor gain. |
|
Virginia 7 | Charles T. O'Ferrall | Democratic | 1882 (contest) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Virginia 8 | John S. Barbour Jr. | Democratic | 1880 | Incumbent retired. Democratic hold. |
|
Virginia 9 | Connally Findlay Trigg | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Virginia 10 | J. Randolph Tucker | Democratic | 1874 | Incumbent retired. Republican gain. |
|
Washington Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
West Virginia
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Nathan Goff Jr. | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 2 | William L. Wilson | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 3 | Charles P. Snyder | Democratic | 1883 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
West Virginia 4 | Eustace Gibson | Democratic | 1882 | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold. |
|
Wisconsin
Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 2, 1886.[47][48]
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | Lucien B. Caswell | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Edward S. Bragg | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. Republican gain. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | Robert M. La Follette | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 4 | Isaac W. Van Schaick | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent declined re-nomination. Union Labor gain. |
|
Wisconsin 5 | Thomas R. Hudd | Democratic | 1886 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 6 | Richard W. Guenther | Republican | 1880 | Incumbent lost re-nomination. Republican hold. |
|
Wisconsin 7 | Ormsby B. Thomas | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 8 | William T. Price | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wisconsin 9 | Isaac Stephenson | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Wyoming Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Non-voting members
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | |||||
Dakota Territory at-large | |||||
Idaho Territory at-large | John Hailey | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain. |
|
Montana Territory at-large | Joseph Toole | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
Utah Territory at-large | |||||
Washington Territory at-large | |||||
Wyoming Territory at-large | Joseph M. Carey | Republican | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
|
See also
Notes
- ^ Regular elections only, not specials
- ^ Including 1 Independent Democrat.
- ^ a b Including 2 Independent Republicans.
- ^ There were 2 Labor members, 2 Independent Republicans, 1 Independent, and 1 Greenback members elected.
- ^ a b Includes 1 Independent Republican.
- ^ Greenback Party
- ^ a b Labor Party
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Martis 1989, p. 140–141.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NY District 15 - Special Election Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1078. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
- ^ "State of Connecticut Elections Database » Search Past Election Results". State of Connecticut Elections Database. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
- ^ "MI - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g Michigan Secretary of State (1886). Michigan manual. 1887–88. pp. 581–586 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "MI - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ "MI - District 11". Our Campaigns. Retrieved October 22, 2021.
- ^ University of Minnesota Libraries. "Minnesota Historical Election Archive". Minnesota Historical Election Archive. Retrieved October 14, 2024.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved March 13, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 01 Race - Nov 2, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 02 Race - Nov 2, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NE - District 03 Race - Nov 2, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved September 24, 2021.
- ^ Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections. 1975. p. 566.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NY District 15 Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved February 25, 2021.
- ^ Daniell, Lewis E. (1889) "Personnel of the Texas State Government with Sketches of Distinguished Texans embracing the Executive Staff, Heads of the Departments, United States Senators and Representatives, Members of the Twenty-First Legislature", Austin: Smith, Hicks & Jones, State Printers. p. 137. Retrieved November 29, 2023.
- ^ "VT Elections Database » Vermont Election Results and Statistics". VT Elections Database. Retrieved August 29, 2024.
- ^ "Virginia Elections Database » Virginia Election Results and Statistics". Virginia Elections Database. Retrieved September 2, 2024.
- ^ "WV District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ "WV District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 18, 2021.
- ^ "Wisconsin U.S. House Election Results" (PDF). Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved November 19, 2021 – via Wayback Machine.
- ^ Timme, Ernst G., ed. (1887). "Biographical" (PDF). The Blue Book of the State of Wisconsin (Report). Madison, Wisconsin: State of Wisconsin. pp. 479–482. Retrieved November 19, 2021.
- ^ "ID Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 4, 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 02, 1886". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
- ^ "WY Territorial Delegate". Our Campaigns. Retrieved April 11, 2021.
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)