Wikipedia:WikiProject Tropical cyclones/Deadliest

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Atlantic

Name Season Dates Winds[1][2]
(knots)		 Winds[1][2]
(mph)		 Winds
(km/h)		 Pressure[1][2]
(mbar)		 Region(s) affected Deaths Damage in 2024 USD
Great Hurricane 1780 October 9-20 N/A N/A N/A N/A Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles 20,000 – 24,000[3][4] Unknown
Hurricane Mitch 1998 October 22-November 5 155 180 285 905 Central America ~11,000[5] $5 billion[5]
"Galveston" 1900 August 27-September 12 130 150 240 936 Caribbean, South Central United States (particularly Galveston, Texas) 8,000 – 12,000[4] $20 million
Deadliest Atlantic hurricanes
Rank Hurricane Season Fatalities
1  ?  "Great Hurricane" 1780 22,000–27,501
2  5  Mitch 1998 11,374+
3  2  Fifi 1974 8,210–10,000
4  4  "Galveston" 1900 8,000–12,000
5  4  Flora 1963 7,193
6  ?  "Pointe-à-Pitre" 1776 6,000+
7  5  "Okeechobee" 1928 4,112+
8  ?  "Newfoundland" 1775 4,000–4,163
9  3  "Monterrey" 1909 4,000
10  4  "San Ciriaco" 1899 3,855

Eastern Pacific

Known Pacific hurricanes that have killed at least 100 people
Hurricane Season Fatalities Ref.
"Mexico" 1959 1,800 [6]
Paul 1982 1,625 [7][8][9][10]
Liza 1976 1,263 [11][12][13]
Tara 1961 436 [14]
Pauline 1997 230–400 [15]
Agatha 2010 204 [16][17]
Manuel 2013 169 [18]
Tico 1983 141 [19][20]
Ismael 1995 116 [21]
"Lower California" 1931 110 [22][23]
"Mazatlán" 1943 100 [24]
Lidia 1981 100 [17]

Western Pacific

Deadliest Pacific typhoons
Rank Typhoon Season Fatalities Ref.
1 August 1931 China typhoon 1931 300,000 [25][26][27]
2 Nina 1975 229,000 [28]
3 July 1780 Typhoon 1780 100,000 [29]
4 July 1862 Typhoon 1862 80,000 [30]
5 "Shantou" 1922 60,000 [28]
6 "China" 1912 50,000 [28]
7 "Hong Kong" 1937 10,000 [28]
8 Joan 1964 7,000 [31]
9 Haiyan 2013 6,352 [32]
10 Vera 1959 >5,000 [28]
Main article: List of tropical cyclone records

North Indian ocean

Great Bhola Cyclone, Bangladesh 1970 Bay of Bengal 500,000 Hooghly River Cyclone, India and Bangladesh 1737 Bay of Bengal 300,000 Coringa, India 1839 Bay of Bengal 300,000 Backerganj Cyclone, Bangladesh 1584 Bay of Bengal 200,000 Great Backerganj Cyclone, Bangladesh 1876 Bay of Bengal 200,000 Chittagong, Bangladesh 1897 Bay of Bengal 175,000 Cyclone 02B, Bangladesh 1991 Bay of Bengal 140,000 Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar 2008 Bay of Bengal 140,000 Great Bombay Cyclone, India 1882 Arabian Sea 100,000 Calcutta, India 1864 Bay of Bengal 60,000

From Jeff masters

South-West Indian ocean

  1. Cyclone Leon–Eline - 700 (Mozambique, post-season total) - Madagascar deaths?

Australian region

  1. Mahina Cyclone of 1899 - 400
  2. 1912 cyclone (no article, but most deaths from SS Koombana) - 173
  3. Cyclone Guba - 149
  4. 1935 cyclone (no article) - 141
  5. 1877 cyclone (no article) - 140
  6. 1911 cyclone (no article) - 122
  7. 1875 cyclone (no article) - 103
  8. Cyclone Tracy - 71
  9. 1875 cyclone (no article) - 69
  10. 1908 cyclone (no article) - 50


FROM http://www.bom.gov.au/cyclone/history/eastern.shtml 12 14 February 1898 This cyclone of monsoon origin tracked from the continent over Brisbane and down the NSW coast. The bar (at sea level) in Brisbane at 4pm Sunday 13th was 997.7 hPa. The brig Amy (220 tons) after leaving Woolongong at 9 am 14th was driven ashore near Bulli and the crew of 8 all drowned. Another man died on the beach from shock. The brigantine Malcolm foundered at Bulli and the crew of 6 hands were lost and 150 m of the Bellambi jetty was washed away. The ship Atocama was abandoned on the 12th 500 nm off the coast and the Captain and 3 of the crew were saved but 13 of the crew were lost at sea. The Schooner Mary Peverill was beached in the Whitsunday Passage though the crew survived. 2 men drowned at Bungendore (near Canberra) in floods on the 15th. In Sydney trees were uprooted, verandas were carried away and the ferries were suspended. The yacht Greyland was capsized in the harbour. There were 30 known deaths associated with this event. 21 January 1918 This tropical cyclone crossed the coast just north of Mackay. The lowest pressure of 932.6 hPa was recorded at 7.30 am 21st by a private observer (T. Croker) about 5 km from Mackay north of the river. Before the reading the winds were cyclonic south-easterly then there was a sudden lull and the winds turned northerly in a very short space of time the winds reached cyclonic strength.

The Post Office barograph fell to 944.8 hPa at 4am 21st but was prevented by the flange from falling below 944.8 hPa. The wind changed from the southeast to the north around 8am 21st with no abatement and increased in violence. The Harbour and Rivers Engineer's to Parliament stated that the cyclone was accompanied by an elevation in sea surface in the form of a wave which at Mackay slowly rose for about an hour reaching a height of 2.36 metres above the highest spring tide level. Hardly any building in Mackay escaped damage and a thousand were destroyed. Three steamers were sunk and three were grounded. The cyclone brought a 3.6 m storm surge into Mackay. An account by a Miss Morton stated that the tidal water reached her house at 4.45 am and she drifted on floating debris until 8.50 am. One observer saw a wall of water 7.6 m high sweep over the beaches towards the town at 5 am 21 January at the height of the cyclone. In 1987 a survivor recalled seeing waves 2.4 to 2.7 m high breaking in the centre of Mackay. Severe storm surge damage was also experienced at Slade Point, Blacks Beach and Eimeo Beach north of Mackay. The cyclone was very large in size and destructive winds extended down to Rockhampton with the worst damage occurring after the winds shifted from SE to NE. Trees were uprooted including large jacaranda trees. Many houses had verandas blown off and lost portion of their roofs. Two men were drowned at Rockhampton. At Yeppoon, a man drowned, trees were uprooted, three buildings were badly damaged or unroofed and several houses were lifted off their blocks. At Emu Park many houses were badly damaged and the fishing suffered severely. At Mt Morgan roofing iron was lifted off buildings and at Clermont thousands of trees were uprooted along all the surrounding roads and buildings lost roofing iron. Widespread flooding occurred in Central Queensland including a record flood at Rockhampton with widespread property damage. In Mackay the death tally was 20 on the 31st January 1918 and it is now though that a total loss of thirty people lost their lives in the cyclone and the subsequent floods in Central Queensland.

10 March 1918 - This tropical cyclone is widely regarded as the worst cyclone to hit a populated area of Queensland. It crossed the coast and passed directly over Innisfail. The pen on the Post Office barograph was prevented from registering below 948 hPa by the flange on the bottom of the drum. A pressure of 926 hPa was read at the Mourilyan Sugar mill at 7 pm on the 10th March. In Innisfail, then a town of 3,500 residents, only around 12 houses remained intact, the rest either blown flat or unroofed following the passage of the cyclone eye around 9 pm. A report from the Harbours and Marine engineer indicated that at Maria Creek, the sea rose to a height of about 3 m above high water (which is a height of 4.65 m above the normal tide levels for that day). Around 4:40 pm on the 10th March, a tidal wave was seen surging in from the east into Bingil Bay, taking the bridge over the creek 400 m inland. Mission Beach was covered by 3.6 m of water, extending hundreds of metres inland, with the debris reaching a height of 7 m in the trees. All buildings and structures were destroyed by the storm surge in the Bingil Bay to Mission beach area. The storm surge was 2.6m at Flying Fish Point. Babinda also had many buildings destroyed and some reports suggest that not one building was left standing. There was widespread damage at Cairns and on the Atherton Tablelands. Recent reports suggest that 37 people died at Innisfail while 40 - 60 lost their lives in nearby areas.

South Pacific

References

  1. ^ a b c David Roth (2009). "Hurricane Data for all Atlantic hurricanes". NOAA. Retrieved 2010-02-28.
  2. ^ a b c Chris Landsea; et al. (2009). "Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT". NOAA. Retrieved 2010-03-01.
  3. ^ Orlando Férez (1970). "Notes on the Tropical Cyclones of Puerto Rico" (PDF). San Juan, Puerto Rico National Weather Service. Retrieved 2007-02-12.
  4. ^ a b Edward N. Rappaport; Jose Fernandez-Partagas & Jack Beven (1997). "The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492-1996". NOAA. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
  5. ^ a b http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/reports/mitch/mitch.html
  6. ^ Natural Hazards of North America (Map). National Geographic Society. April 1998.
  7. ^ "More Flood Victims found". The Spokesman-Review. September 28, 1982. Retrieved August 5, 2011.
  8. ^ "More flood victims found". The Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. September 28, 1982. p. 12. Retrieved August 18, 2011.
  9. ^ "Mexico - Disaster Statistics". Prevention Web. 2008. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved April 12, 2010.
  10. ^ "24 killed from hurricane". The Hour. October 1, 1982. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
  11. ^ "Mexico gives up to try and find storm victims". Bangor Daily News. United Press International. October 6, 1976. p. 8. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
  12. ^ "Hurricane Liza rips Mexico". Beaver County Times. United Press International. October 2, 1976. p. 18. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  13. ^ "Historias y Anecdotas de Yavaros". Ecos del mayo (in Spanish). June 14, 2010. Retrieved June 11, 2013.
  14. ^ "Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide 1900-present" (PDF). Office of U.S. Foreign Disaster Assistance. August 1993. Retrieved March 25, 2009.
  15. ^ Lawrence, Miles B (November 7, 1997). Preliminary Report: Hurricane Pauline October 5 – 10, 1997 (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center.
  16. ^ Beven, John L (January 10, 2011). Tropical Cyclone Report: Tropical Storm Agatha (PDF) (Report). United States National Hurricane Center. Retrieved January 14, 2011.
  17. ^ a b Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. "EM-DAT: The Emergency Events Database". Université catholique de Louvain.
  18. ^ Steve Jakubowski; Adityam Krovvidi; Adam Podlaha; Steve Bowen. "September 2013 Global Catasrophe Recap" (PDF). Impact Forecasting. AON Benefield. Retrieved October 25, 2013.
  19. ^ "Disaster History: Significant Data on Major Disasters Worldwide, 1900-Present". Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance, U.S. Agency for International Development. 1989. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
  20. ^ "Oklahoma residents clean up in Hurricane's wake". The Evening independent. October 22, 1983. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  21. ^ Centro Nacional de Prevención de Desastres (2006). "Impacto Socioeconómico de los Ciclones Tropicales 2005" (PDF) (in Spanish). Retrieved November 9, 2006.
  22. ^ Associated Press (November 17, 1931). "Hurricane Toll Reaches 100 in Mexico Blow". The Evening Independent. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
  23. ^ "World News". The Virgin Islands Daily News. September 18, 1931. Retrieved January 18, 2011.
  24. ^ Sumber, Howard C (January 4, 1944). "1943 Monthly Weather Review" (PDF). U.S. Weather Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on September 23, 2008. Retrieved September 7, 2008.
  25. ^ "History's worst flood finally revealed". www.chinadaily.com.cn.
  26. ^ Courtney, Chris (2018-02-15). The Nature of Disaster in China: The 1931 Yangzi River Flood. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781108284936.
  27. ^ "Flood Horror". Geraldton Guardian and Express. September 1931.
  28. ^ a b c d e "The Worst Natural Disasters by Death Toll" (PDF). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
  29. ^ Pedro Ribera, Ricardo Garcia-Herrera and Luis Gimeno (July 2008). "Historical Deadly Typhoons in the Philippines". Weather. 63 (7). Royal Meteorological Society: 196. doi:10.1002/wea.275.
  30. ^ Huang, G; Yim, Wyxx W-S. "Reconstruction of an 8,000-year record of Typhoons in the Pearl River Estuary, China" (PDF). HKU Scholars Hub.
  31. ^ Associated Press (November 16, 1964). "Another Typhoon Descends on Flood Stricken Vietnam". The Milwaukee Journal. p. 2. Retrieved March 11, 2010.
  32. ^ SitRep No.108 re Effects of Typhoon YOLANDA (HAIYAN) (PDF) (Report). National Reduction Risk Reduction And Management Council. April 3, 2014. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
  33. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/australiaandthepacific/newzealand/1417705/Total-devastation-on-cyclone-hit-islands.html
  34. ^ http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200212/s756128.htm
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