Wikipedia:WikiProject AP Biology Bapst 2012

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A flower of Regelia, a small genus of angiosperms endemic to Australia.

A high school class in Maine - John Bapst Memorial High School in Bangor, Maine - will contribute images to Wikipedia article and the commons until June 7, 2012. The collective goal is to contribute excellent biology diagrams to the Commons and to corresponding Wikipedia articles. This is done as part of an Advanced Placement Biology course. The lead editor is Chris Packard. This project is inspired by the 2009 Wikipedia AP Biology Project. There are many basic and important diagrams missing from biological articles and we're doing our part to fix this.

  • Students will work alone, there are 23 students so we should have 23 new images with captions and labels.
  • The time frame will be three weeks.
  • Students will be required to write a summary of why they select a topic; hopefully, eliminating obscure, random topic selections. They also must create labels and captions for their photos
  • They may add it to encyclopedia articles.
  • The best of the bunch will be submitted as Wikipedia featured pictures, see other candidates here

Feel free to discuss this project. Please notify me of any concerns; especially if they involve the behavior of my students on Wikipedia. With a little patience, this should be an inspirational experience for all.

Goals / Motivation

  • To improve the images in Wikipedia's coverage of Biology articles.
  • To encourage promising students to write, create, learn, and contribute volunteer efforts through a service learning project.
  • The dreaded “Research Project” is a standard hurdle for most AP Programs. Rightfully so, being that many college courses require such publications to validate your existence. This new approach to constructing a scientific document, is far more authentic and interesting. Rather than researching for a paper that is destined for the teacher's eyes and then a one way trip to the circular bin, let us contribute to the world-wide data base for others to benefit. I hope this will be an interesting and memorable project and assessment. It's funny I can remember a number of projects and papers I wrote during my own high school experience, but I can remember no tests whatsoever.

Contributions

As you upload your projects and add them to Wikipedia please add them to the gallery below. By adding a new line which begins with the word "File" and them follows the format of my sample image. Make sure to include your caption.

  • A public domain image of Richard Maack, educator and great Siberian explorer. Image by Chris Packard - User:Earthdirt and added to article Richard Maack.
    A public domain image of Richard Maack, educator and great Siberian explorer. Image by Chris Packard - User:Earthdirt and added to article Richard Maack.
  • 1: RNA Polymerase, 2: Repressor, 3: Promoter, 4: Operator, 5: Lactose, 6: lacZ, 7: lacY, 8: lacA. Top: The gene is essentially turned off. There is no lactose to inhibit the repressor, so the repressor binds to the operator, which obstructs the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and making lactase. Bottom: The gene is turned on. Lactose is inhibiting the repressor, allowing the RNA polymerase to bind with the promoter, and express the genes, which synthesize lactase. Eventually, the lactase will digest all of the lactose, until there is none to bind to the repressor. The repressor will then bind to the operator, stopping the manufacture of lactase.
    1: RNA Polymerase, 2: Repressor, 3: Promoter, 4: Operator, 5: Lactose, 6: lacZ, 7: lacY, 8: lacA.
    Top: The gene is essentially turned off. There is no lactose to inhibit the repressor, so the repressor binds to the operator, which obstructs the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter and making lactase. Bottom: The gene is turned on. Lactose is inhibiting the repressor, allowing the RNA polymerase to bind with the promoter, and express the genes, which synthesize lactase. Eventually, the lactase will digest all of the lactose, until there is none to bind to the repressor. The repressor will then bind to the operator, stopping the manufacture of lactase.
  • Gastrulation occurs when a blastula, made up of one layer, folds inward and enlarges to create a gastrula. This diagram is color coded. Ectoderm, blue. Endoderm, green. Blastocoel (the yolk sack), yellow. Archenteron (the gut), purple.
    Gastrulation occurs when a blastula, made up of one layer, folds inward and enlarges to create a gastrula. This diagram is color coded. Ectoderm, blue. Endoderm, green. Blastocoel (the yolk sack), yellow. Archenteron (the gut), purple.
  • Gene flow is the transfer of alleles from one population to another population through immigration of individuals. In this example, one of the birds from population A immigrates to population B, which has less of the dominant alleles, and through mating incorporates its alleles in into the other population.
    Gene flow is the transfer of alleles from one population to another population through immigration of individuals. In this example, one of the birds from population A immigrates to population B, which has less of the dominant alleles, and through mating incorporates its alleles in into the other population.
  • A concussion is traumatic brain injury that changes the way your brain functions. When the skull is jolted or impacted by a hard surface, the brain shifts, slamming against the skull, causing damage and swelling to the brain. If treated correctly, brain will heal. But if not, results can be deadly.
    A concussion is traumatic brain injury that changes the way your brain functions. When the skull is jolted or impacted by a hard surface, the brain shifts, slamming against the skull, causing damage and swelling to the brain. If treated correctly, brain will heal. But if not, results can be deadly.
  • The Colonial Flagellate Hypothesis proposes that multicellular organisms evolved from a single flagellated cell. it is believed that a group of these unicellular flagellates combine to form an aggregate then form a sphere which develops specialized cells (such as reproductive cells), and then fold in on themselves to create a tissue layer.
    The Colonial Flagellate Hypothesis proposes that multicellular organisms evolved from a single flagellated cell. it is believed that a group of these unicellular flagellates combine to form an aggregate then form a sphere which develops specialized cells (such as reproductive cells), and then fold in on themselves to create a tissue layer.
  • CAM photosynthesis- left, at night; right, during the day. CO2 enters through the stomata at night and is fixed to OAA by PEPCase. The OAA is then turned into malate and stored in a vacuole as malic acid. During the day, the stomata are closed to conserve water. The malic acid goes out of the vacuole, gets turned into malate. The malate goes into the Calvin cycle in the stroma of the chloroplast. Photosynthesis then continues normally as it would in a C3 plant. 1. chloroplast, 2. vacuole, 3. cytoplasm, 4. Calvin cycle, 5. stoma, 6. oxaloacetic acid (OAA), 7. PEP carboxylase (PEPCase), 8. granum (stack of thylakoids), 9. stroma of chloroplast, 10. malate, 11.malic acid
    CAM photosynthesis- left, at night; right, during the day. CO2 enters through the stomata at night and is fixed to OAA by PEPCase. The OAA is then turned into malate and stored in a vacuole as malic acid. During the day, the stomata are closed to conserve water. The malic acid goes out of the vacuole, gets turned into malate. The malate goes into the Calvin cycle in the stroma of the chloroplast. Photosynthesis then continues normally as it would in a C3 plant. 1. chloroplast, 2. vacuole, 3. cytoplasm, 4. Calvin cycle, 5. stoma, 6. oxaloacetic acid (OAA), 7. PEP carboxylase (PEPCase), 8. granum (stack of thylakoids), 9. stroma of chloroplast, 10. malate, 11.malic acid
  • The chemical composition of a phospholipid
    The chemical composition of a phospholipid
  • Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder where the muscle tissue wastes away and loses function. In the affected muscle (left), the tissue has become disorganized and the concentration of dystrophin (green), an important protein in normal muscle functioning, is greatly reduced.
    Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder where the muscle tissue wastes away and loses function. In the affected muscle (left), the tissue has become disorganized and the concentration of dystrophin (green), an important protein in normal muscle functioning, is greatly reduced.
  • As a protist, the plasmodium is a eukaryote of the phylum Apicomplexa. Unusual characteristics of this organism in comparison to general eukaryotes include the rhoptry, micronemes, and polar rings near the apical end. The plasmodium is known best for the infection it causes, malaria.
    As a protist, the plasmodium is a eukaryote of the phylum Apicomplexa. Unusual characteristics of this organism in comparison to general eukaryotes include the rhoptry, micronemes, and polar rings near the apical end. The plasmodium is known best for the infection it causes, malaria.
  • 1. Needle is inserted into the upper leg, through the skin and into the Medullary Cavity, where the red marrow is stored and harvested 2. Stem cells from the marrow are then concentrated and prepared for freezing in a laboratory. 3. Patient undergoes chemotherapy to rid the body of any harmful viruses, bacteria or cancer cells.4. Patient is infused with the Donor's blood which contains the stem cells.Image by Rebecca Leathers - User:mugwump12 and added to article [[Bone Marrow Transplant]]
    1. Needle is inserted into the upper leg, through the skin and into the Medullary Cavity, where the red marrow is stored and harvested 2. Stem cells from the marrow are then concentrated and prepared for freezing in a laboratory. 3. Patient undergoes chemotherapy to rid the body of any harmful viruses, bacteria or cancer cells.4. Patient is infused with the Donor's blood which contains the stem cells.Image by Rebecca Leathers - User:mugwump12 and added to article [[Bone Marrow Transplant]]
  • Effusion
    The image in the left shows effusion, where the image on the right shows diffusion. Effusion occurs through a hole smaller than the mean path of the particles in motion where diffusion occurs through a hole in which multiple particles can flow through simultaneously without collision.
  • Out of the cytoplasm it goes into the Kreb's cycle where the acetyl CoA. It then mixes with CO2 and makes 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH. From there the NaDH and FaDH go into the NADH reductase, which produces the enzyme. The NaDH pulls the enzyme's electrons to send through the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain pulls H+ ions through the chain. From the electron transport chain the released hydrogen ions make ADP for an end result of 32 ATP. 02 attracts itself to the left over elctron to make water. Lastly, ATP leaves through the ATP channel and out of the mitochondria.
    Out of the cytoplasm it goes into the Kreb's cycle where the acetyl CoA. It then mixes with CO2 and makes 2 ATP, NADH, and FADH. From there the NaDH and FaDH go into the NADH reductase, which produces the enzyme. The NaDH pulls the enzyme's electrons to send through the electron transport chain. The electron transport chain pulls H+ ions through the chain. From the electron transport chain the released hydrogen ions make ADP for an end result of 32 ATP. 02 attracts itself to the left over elctron to make water. Lastly, ATP leaves through the ATP channel and out of the mitochondria.
  • A cross section of a spirochete
    A cross section of a spirochete
  • This is an example of Secondary Succession by stages: 1. A healthy forest thriving successfully 2. A natural disaster, such as a wild fire, attacks the forest 3. The fire burns the forest to the ground 4. The fire leaves behind empty, but not destroyed, soil 5. Grasses and some flowering plants grow back first 6. Small bushes develop, along with the beginning of the growth of smaller trees such as pines 7. The pine trees develop to their fullest, while shade-bearable trees begin to grow 8. The pine trees, which cannot live in the shade, die as the larger trees grow and capture all the sunlight. The ecosystem is now back to where it began before the forest fire.
    This is an example of Secondary Succession by stages: 1. A healthy forest thriving successfully 2. A natural disaster, such as a wild fire, attacks the forest 3. The fire burns the forest to the ground 4. The fire leaves behind empty, but not destroyed, soil 5. Grasses and some flowering plants grow back first 6. Small bushes develop, along with the beginning of the growth of smaller trees such as pines 7. The pine trees develop to their fullest, while shade-bearable trees begin to grow 8. The pine trees, which cannot live in the shade, die as the larger trees grow and capture all the sunlight. The ecosystem is now back to where it began before the forest fire.
  • Cross Section of a Vertebrate Embryo in the Neurula Stage
    Cross Section of a Vertebrate Embryo in the Neurula Stage
  • Planaria nervous
    nervous system of a planaria.
  • Planaria excretory system. user:putaringonit
    Planaria excretory system. user:putaringonit
  • Planaria reproductive system
    Planaria reproductive system
  • 1: The bacterium before binary fission is when the DNA tightly coiled. 2: The DNA of the bacterium has replicated. 3: The DNA is pulled to the separate poles of the bacterium as it increases size to prepare for splitting. 4: The growth of a new cell wall begins to separate the bacterium. 5: The new cell wall fully develops, resulting in the complete split of the bacterium. 6: The new daughter cells have tightly coiled DNA, ribosomes, and plasmids. user:Ecoddington14
    1: The bacterium before binary fission is when the DNA tightly coiled.
    2: The DNA of the bacterium has replicated.
    3: The DNA is pulled to the separate poles of the bacterium as it increases size to prepare for splitting.
    4: The growth of a new cell wall begins to separate the bacterium.
    5: The new cell wall fully develops, resulting in the complete split of the bacterium.
    6: The new daughter cells have tightly coiled DNA, ribosomes, and plasmids. user:Ecoddington14
  • How to Make an ATP Synthase Model [1]
    How to Make an ATP Synthase Model [1]
  • Fungal Hyphae Cells 1- Hyphal wall 2- Septum 3- Mitochondrion 4- Vacuoles 5- Crystal 6- Ribosomes 7- Nucleus 8- Endoplasmic Reticulum 9- Lipid Body 10- Plasma Membrane 11- Vesicles 12- Golgi Apparatus
    Fungal Hyphae Cells
    1- Hyphal wall 2- Septum 3- Mitochondrion 4- Vacuoles 5- Crystal 6- Ribosomes 7- Nucleus 8- Endoplasmic Reticulum 9- Lipid Body 10- Plasma Membrane 11- Vesicles 12- Golgi Apparatus
  • Fertilization in humans. The sperm and ovum unite through fertilization, creating a zygote that (over the course of 8-9 days) will implant in the uterine wall, where it will reside over the course of 9 months.
    Fertilization in humans. The sperm and ovum unite through fertilization, creating a zygote that (over the course of 8-9 days) will implant in the uterine wall, where it will reside over the course of 9 months.
  • Each level of anatomical organization is more complex than the previous level. The first level of anatomical organization is the simplest, while the last level of is the most complex. 1. The most basic level of anatomical organization is the atom. 2. Molecules are made up of atoms. 3. Many different molecules make up a cell. (Shown cell is a cardiac muscle cell) 4. Cells make up tissue. (Shown cell is cardiac muscle) 5. Tissues make up organs. (Shown organ is a heart) 6. Organs working together make up an organ system. (Shown organ system is a circulatory system) 7.Organ systems make up an individual. (Shown organism is a domestic cat)
    Each level of anatomical organization is more complex than the previous level. The first level of anatomical organization is the simplest, while the last level of is the most complex.
    1. The most basic level of anatomical organization is the atom.
    2. Molecules are made up of atoms.
    3. Many different molecules make up a cell. (Shown cell is a cardiac muscle cell)
    4. Cells make up tissue. (Shown cell is cardiac muscle)
    5. Tissues make up organs. (Shown organ is a heart)
    6. Organs working together make up an organ system. (Shown organ system is a circulatory system)
    7.Organ systems make up an individual. (Shown organism is a domestic cat)
  • The drug is being inserted via the hypodermic needle into the venous system.
    The drug is being inserted via the hypodermic needle into the venous system.
  • English: 1) One day old embryo, 2) 7 day old embryo, 3) 14 day old embryo, 4) Chick hatches after approx. 21 days 5) Healthy mature chicken after about 3 weeks, 6) Fertilization occurs with two mature chickens thus beginning the process again
    English: 1) One day old embryo, 2) 7 day old embryo, 3) 14 day old embryo, 4) Chick hatches after approx. 21 days 5) Healthy mature chicken after about 3 weeks, 6) Fertilization occurs with two mature chickens thus beginning the process again

Contributors

Add your user name here. Just add this template with your username instead of the line: {{user|____________}}.

Uploading

In order to complete the assignment and reap all the benefits of your hard work (such as a good grade) you MUST complete all of the following steps. If you need help, just ask.

How to, step by step

Step 1: Create a Wikipedia Global account by clicking "Login/create account" in the upper right hand corner of this page.
Step 2: Click here to use the WikiCommons File Upload Wizard
Step 3: If you didn't do it in the Wizard, categorize your image by adding a one or more [[Category:_______]] tags at the bottom of the page (fill in the name of the category in the _______.) You might use Category:Biology diagrams or something more specific like Category:Molecular biology or something else appropriate.
Step 4: If you didn't do it in the Wizard you should also now add your labels and your caption information in the description to your upload page in the Commons.
Step 5: Your image is now available in all Wiki Projects, including Wikipedia. So let's add it to the article! Go to the article you want to add your donated image to. In the top of the section of the article or the subheading you want to add the image to add something like this:

[[File:MY IMAGE NAME.png|right|thumb|200px|The [[caption]] of '''my image'''.]]
That's not too hard is it? For your caption you'll need to follow Wikipedia style and use some mark up to do this - it's kind of like a micro-essay. The [[ ]] creates a link to the given page on Wikipedia and the ''' ''' make the word bold, in Wikipedia it's appropriate to bold the title of the article the first time it's used in the text or in a caption."


Step 6: Wow you've done it! Now you just have to turn in your work by adding it to gallery in the section above here called "Contributions". Just follow the model I provided in the first entry. Your caption will likely have to be shorter than your description, see the style advice below.

Style guides

To get past the stumbling blocks of editing Wikipedia, articles will have to conform to the Wikipedia style guides. The largest barriers are:

You can always ask for help at:

Writing a good image caption

Policies and guidelines (list)
Principles
Content policies
Conduct policies
Other policy categories
Directories

There are several criteria for a good caption. A good caption:

  1. clearly identifies the subject of the picture, without detailing the obvious.
  2. is succinct (that means short).
  3. establishes the picture's relevance to the article.
  4. provides context for the picture.
  5. draws the reader into the article.

Different people read articles different ways. Some people start at the top and read each word until the end. Others read the first paragraph and scan through for other interesting information, looking especially at pictures and captions. For those readers, even if the information is adjacent in the text, they will not find it unless it is in the caption—but do not tell the whole story in the caption—use the caption to make the reader curious about the subject.

Another way of approaching the job: imagine you're giving a lecture based on the encyclopedia article, and you are using the image to illustrate the lecture. What would you say while attention is on the image? What do you want your audience to notice in the image, and why? Corollary: if you have got nothing to say, then the image probably does not belong in the article.

Images for the lead

It is very common to use an appropriate representative image for the lead of an article, often as part of an infobox. The image helps to provide a visual association for the topic, and allows readers to quickly assess if they have arrived at the right page. For most topics, the selection of a lead image is plainly obvious: a photograph or artistic work of a person, photographs of a city, or a cover of a book or album, to name a few.

Image selection for other topics may be more difficult and several possible choices could be made. While Wikipedia is not censored, as outlined in the above section on offensive images, the selection of the lead image should be made with some care with respect to this advice. Lead images are loaded and shown upon navigating to the page, and are one of the first things that readers will see. Editors should avoid using images that readers would not have expected to see when navigating to the page. Unlike other content on a page that falls below the lead, the lead image should be chosen with these considerations in mind.

Some advice on selecting a lead image include the following:

  1. Lead images should be images that are natural and appropriate visual representations of the topic; they not only should be illustrating the topic specifically, but should also be the type of image that is used for similar purposes in high-quality reference works, and therefore what our readers will expect to see. Lead images are not required, and not having a lead image may be the best solution if there is no easy representation of the topic.
  2. Lead images should be selected to be of least shock value; if an alternative image exists that still is an accurate representation of the topic but without shock value, it should always be preferred. For example, using an image of deportees being subjected to selection as the lead image at this version of Holocaust is far preferable to the appropriate images that appear later in the article that show the treatment of the prisoners or corpses from the camps.
  3. Sometimes it is impossible to avoid the use of a lead image with perceived shock value if the topic itself is of that nature, for example in articles on various parts of human genitalia. It should be anticipated, through Wikipedia:Content disclaimer, that readers will be aware they will be exposed to potentially shocking images when navigating to articles on such topics.

Planning and resources

Talk pages

These are places where you can leave and receive messages and questions, every page has one. Whenever you edit these pages, make sure that you are signed in. Also, add four tildes ~~~~ to the end of all comments you make on talk pages. This will let people know who is talking.

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