User:ThisIsARandomUsername/sandbox

This is the user sandbox of ThisIsARandomUsername. A user sandbox is a subpage of the user's user page. It serves as a testing spot and page development space for the user and is not an encyclopedia article. Create or edit your own sandbox here.

Other sandboxes: Main sandbox | Template sandbox

Finished writing a draft article? Are you ready to request review of it by an experienced editor for possible inclusion in Wikipedia? Submit your draft for review!

This page contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

This chart shows the most common applications of the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) to represent English language pronunciations.

See Pronunciation respelling for English for phonetic transcriptions used in different dictionaries.

Chart

This chart gives a partial system of diaphonemes for English. The symbols for the diaphonemes are given in bold, followed by their most common phonetic values. For the vowels, a separate phonetic value is given for each major dialect, and words used to name corresponding lexical sets are also given. The diaphonemes and lexical sets given here are based on RP and General American; they are not sufficient to express all of the distinctions found in other dialects, such as Australian English.

English consonants
Dia- phoneme^[1]	Examples
p	pen, spin, tip
b	but, web
t	two, sting, bet
d	do, daddy, odd
tʃ	chair, nature, teach
dʒ	gin, joy, edge
k	cat, kill, skin, queen, unique, thick
ɡ	go, get, beg
f	fool, enough, leaf, off, photo
v	voice, have, of, verve
θ	thing, teeth
ð	this, breathe, father
s	see, city, pass
z	zoo, rose
ʃ	she, sure, session, emotion, leash
ʒ	genre, pleasure, beige, equation, seizure
h	ham, hue
m	man, ham
n	no, tin
ŋ	ringer, sing,^[2] finger, drink
l	left, bell, sable, please, Llangefni
r	run, very, probably
w	we, queen
j	yes, nyala
hw	what
Marginal consonants
x	loch (Scottish),^[3] ugh^[4]
ʔ	uh-oh

English vowels and diphthongs
Dia- phoneme^[1]	Keyword	Examples
æ	TRAP	ham
		bad
		lad
ɑː / æ	BATH	pass
ɑː	PALM	father
ɒ	LOT
ɒ / ɔː	CLOTH	off^[5]
ɔː	THOUGHT	law
ɔː	THOUGHT	pause
ə	COMMA	about
ɪ	KIT	bit
ɪ	KIT	kit
i	HAPPY	city
iː	FLEECE	see
eɪ	FACE	date
eɪ	FACE	day
ɛ	DRESS	bed^[6]
		pen
		length
ʌ	STRUT	run
ʊ	FOOT	put
ʊ	FOOT	hood
uː	GOOSE	through
uː		threw
juː		cute
aɪ	PRICE	flight
aɪ	PRICE	my
ɔɪ	CHOICE	boy
oʊ	GOAT	no
		tow
		soul
aʊ	MOUTH	about
aʊ	MOUTH	now
ɑːr	START	arm
ɪər	NEAR	deer
ɛər	SQUARE	mare
ɜːr	NURSE	burn
		bird
		earth
ər	LETTER	winner^[7]
ər	LETTER	donor
ɔːr	NORTH	sort
ɔːr	FORCE	tore
ʊər	CURE	tour
jʊər	CURE	pure

Other symbols used in transcription of English pronunciation
IPA		Explanation
ˈ		Primary stress indicator (placed before the stressed syllable); for example, rapping /ˈræpɪŋ/
ˌ		Secondary stress/full vowel indicator (placed before the stressed syllable); for example, pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/
.		Syllable separation indicator; for example, ice cream /ˈaɪs.kriːm/ vs. I scream /ˌaɪ.ˈskriːm/
̩	̍	Syllabic consonant indicator (placed under the syllabic consonant); for example, ridden [ˈɹɪdn̩]

Category:International Phonetic Alphabet Category:English phonology Category:Language comparison

^ ^a ^b This is a compromise IPA transcription, which covers most dialects of English.
^ In some dialects, such as Brummie, words like ringer, sing /ˈɹɪŋə ˈsɪŋ/, which have a velar nasal [ŋ] in most dialects, are pronounced with an additional /ɡ/, like "finger": /ˈɹɪŋɡə/.
^ Marginal in most accents, and otherwise merged with /k/, see Lock–loch merger.
^ This common English interjection is usually pronounced with [x] in unscripted spoken English, but it is most often read /ʌɡ/ or /ʌk/
^ In American accents without the cot–caught merger, the LOT vowel (generally written o) appears as ɒ~ɔ instead of ɑ before the fricatives /f/, /θ/ and /s/ and the velar nasal /ŋ/; also usually before /ɡ/, especially in single-syllable words (dog, log, frog, etc.), and occasionally before /k/ (as in chocolate). See Lot–cloth split. In American accents with the cot–caught merger (about half of today's speakers), only ɑ occurs.
^ Often transcribed /e/ for RP, for example in Collins English Dictionary.
^ Sometimes transcribed for GA as [əɹ], especially in transcriptions that represent both rhotic and non-rhotic pronunciations, as [ə(ɹ)].

[PE-1] This is a compromise IPA transcription, which covers most dialects of English.

[2] In some dialects, such as Brummie, words like ringer, sing /ˈɹɪŋə ˈsɪŋ/, which have a velar nasal [ŋ] in most dialects, are pronounced with an additional /ɡ/, like "finger": /ˈɹɪŋɡə/.

[3] Marginal in most accents, and otherwise merged with /k/, see Lock–loch merger.

[4] This common English interjection is usually pronounced with [x] in unscripted spoken English, but it is most often read /ʌɡ/ or /ʌk/

[5] In American accents without the cot–caught merger, the LOT vowel (generally written o) appears as ɒ~ɔ instead of ɑ before the fricatives /f/, /θ/ and /s/ and the velar nasal /ŋ/; also usually before /ɡ/, especially in single-syllable words (dog, log, frog, etc.), and occasionally before /k/ (as in chocolate). See Lot–cloth split. In American accents with the cot–caught merger (about half of today's speakers), only ɑ occurs.

[collinse-6] Often transcribed /e/ for RP, for example in Collins English Dictionary.

[r-colored_schwa-7] Sometimes transcribed for GA as [əɹ], especially in transcriptions that represent both rhotic and non-rhotic pronunciations, as [ə(ɹ)].

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]