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1929 Kashubian civil war

On 19 August 1929, after a group of Kashubians began waving the Kashubian flag across Kartuzy, the Polish army intervened with arms.^[1] The Kashubians began opposing the suppression of their nation and the conflict escalated; fighting began in the streets and in Żukowo, demonstrations began. In fear of war, the Kashubians sent a telegram to the Poles on 22 August, which stated that they wanted their autonomy. The Poles responded by attacking houses belonging to Kashubians and killing civilians. Kashubian men were then arrested and incarcerated in a prison in Żukowo.^[2]

On 28 August, the local governments in Kartuzy and Żukowo were overthrown and war began. The military and police were reinforced in the area, which led to the deaths of more civilians. Fighting between the Polish and the Kashubian paramilitary groups had begun, with a Polish military unit stationed in Wejherowo attacked by the Kashubians. At the end of August, after the battle for Wejherowo, the Poles managed to reestablish control over the city.^[3]

As September began, Kościerzyna, Bytów and Wejherowo were consumed by war. The Polish soldiers in Hel retreated and the north was practically captured; though, the south still was full of battles and skirmishes. As autumn progressed, more and more combatants were being dispatched to the front. On 30 September the Polish side lost the town of Hel, and two days later, the Kashubians managed to capture Szemud and Linia.

On October 3rd, the Polish government ordered a retreat of forces from Kashubia as the Kashubians advanced further. A peace treaty was signed on 10 October. The Kashubians demanded freedom of movement for the local Kashubian peasants and the implementation of the Kashubian language in the courts of the region. The Polish government however, did not comply, as the country's government deemed these demands as too radical.^[4]

After a long battle for Gdańsk, peace was reconsidered on 19 October as the Polish forces were exhausted and starving. On 21 October, the Poles surrendered and a free Kashubia remained until its defeat in the 1940 Kashubian 'Sparłãczenié'.

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