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Dullard is a member of DXDX(T/V) phosphatase family, and was shown in 2002 to be a potential regulator of neural tube development in Xenopus.[1] Dullard is also known as CTDnep1, which stands for CTD nuclear envelope phosphatase 1. It is a protein coding gene, which include phosphatase activity and protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity. [1] This gene is relatively small and only contains 244 amino acids. Dullard protein or CTDnep1 encodes a protein serine/threonine phosphatase and dephosphoroylates LPIN1 and LPIN2.[2] LPIN1 and LPIN2 catalyze the reaction of the conversion of phosphatidic acid to diacylglyerol. The reaction can affect and change the lipid concentration of the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Nucleus.[2]
Human Dullard has shown that the protein has two membrane spanning regions. One end is the N-terminal end, which helps localize the protein to the nuclear envelope.[3] Dullard dephosphorylates the mammalian phospatidic acid phosphatase, lipid.[4] Dullard participates in a unique phosphatase cascade regulating nuclear membrane biogenesis, and that this cascade is conserved from yeast to mammals. There is belief that Dullard may have other targets that is not only associated with the nuclear envelope. In recent studies, dullard interacts with BMP type 1 to inhibit dependent phosphorylation. This can conclude that it is a potential source for regulating the level of BMP signaling and can affect germ cell specification.
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- ^ "http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CTDNEP1". www.genecards.org. Retrieved 2016-11-05.
{{cite web}}: External link in|title= - ^ a b Wu, Rui; Garland, Megan; Dunaway-Mariano, Debra; Allen, Karen N. (2011-04-19). "Homo sapiens Dullard Protein Phosphatase Shows a Preference for the Insulin-Dependent Phosphorylation Site of Lipin1". Biochemistry. 50 (15): 3045–3047. doi:10.1021/bi200336b. ISSN 0006-2960. PMC 3338355. PMID 21413788.
- ^ Tanaka, Satomi S.; Nakane, Akihiro; Yamaguchi, Yasuka L.; Terabayashi, Takeshi; Abe, Takaya; Nakao, Kazuki; Asashima, Makoto; Steiner, Kirsten A.; Tam, Patrick P. L. (2013-03-04). "Dullard/Ctdnep1 Modulates WNT Signalling Activity for the Formation of Primordial Germ Cells in the Mouse Embryo". PLOS ONE. 8 (3): e57428. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0057428. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3587611. PMID 23469192.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ "A conserved phosphatase cascade that regulates nuclear membrane biogenesis". Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 295.