User:JLeigh59/SMC1B
![]() | This is the sandbox page where you will draft your initial Wikipedia contribution.
If you're starting a new article, you can develop it here until it's ready to go live. If you're working on improvements to an existing article, copy only one section at a time of the article to this sandbox to work on, and be sure to use an edit summary linking to the article you copied from. Do not copy over the entire article. You can find additional instructions here. Remember to save your work regularly using the "Publish page" button. (It just means 'save'; it will still be in the sandbox.) You can add bold formatting to your additions to differentiate them from existing content. |
Article Draft
Structural maintenance of chromosomes protein 1B (SMC-1B) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMC1B gene. SMC proteins engage in chromosome organization and can be broken into 3 groups based on function which are cohesins, condensins, and DNA repair.[1][2][3] SMC-1B belongs to a family of proteins required for chromatid cohesion and DNA recombination during meiosis and mitosis. SMC1ß protein appears to participate with other cohesins REC8, STAG3 and SMC3 in sister-chromatid cohesion throughout the whole meiotic process in human oocytes.
Function
SMC1B is essential for meiosis in which it has 3 main roles.[4] SMC1B is known to be involved in the fusion of chromosomes during meiosis in both homologous and non-homologous chromosomes.[4] SMC1B develops the axial elements (AE) found in synaptonemal complexes in association with other cohesin proteins REC8 and SMC3 as well as AE proteins SCP2 and SCP3.[5][6] Sister chromatid cohesion in meiosis is supplied by SMC1B. [4] SMC1B can also protect telomeres from damage, something that SMC1A has not been shown to be capable of. [7] Additionally, in somatic cells SMC1B associates with SMC3 and RAD21 in a mitotic cohesin complex which had been thought to only include SMC1α. [8][9] Depletion of SMC1B in somatic cells showed dysregulation of some gene expression.[8]
Clinical Significance
Human Papillomavirus (HPV)
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus and the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection. [10] HPV-16 and HPV-18 are responsible for most cases of cervical cancer from HPV. [11]SMC1B has increased expression in HPV(+) cases. [12] HPV recruits SMC1 along with a transcriptional factor, CTCF, to enable replication of the virus's genome. SMC1 is crucially important to the regulation of the virus life cycle. [11]
Genome Instability and Cancer
SMC1B protects genetic stability from ultraviolet and infrared radiation.[9] Altered expression of SMC1B can cause DNA damage repair to fail that then causes genome instability. [9] Expression of SMC1B higher or lower than normal is associated with certain cancers. Meiotic subunits STAG3 and REC8 are also expressed with SMC1B in cancers.[13] High expression of SMC1B can be associated with pancreatic cancers and ovarian cancer, while low expression increases the risk of cancer progression due to low genetic stability. [9]
References
- ^ Michaelis, Christine; Ciosk, Rafal; Nasmyth, Kim (1997-10-03). "Cohesins: Chromosomal Proteins that Prevent Premature Separation of Sister Chromatids". Cell. 91 (1): 35–45. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)80007-6. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9335333. S2CID 18572651.
- ^ Hirano, Tatsuya; Kobayashi, Ryuji; Hirano, Michiko (1997-05-16). "Condensins, Chromosome Condensation Protein Complexes Containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E and a Xenopus Homolog of the Drosophila Barren Protein". Cell. 89 (4): 511–521. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80233-0. ISSN 0092-8674. PMID 9160743. S2CID 15061740.
- ^ Fousteri, M. I. (2000-04-03). "A novel SMC protein complex in Schizosaccharomyces pombe contains the Rad18 DNA repair protein". The EMBO Journal. 19 (7): 1691–1702. doi:10.1093/emboj/19.7.1691. PMC 310237. PMID 10747036.
- ^ a b c Biswas, Uddipta; Wetker, Cornelia; Lange, Julian; Christodoulou, Eleni; Seifert, Michael; Beyer, Andreas; Jessberger, Rolf (Dec 26, 2013). "Meiotic cohesin SMC1β provides prophase I centromeric cohesion and is required for multiple synapsis-associated functions". PLOS Genetics. 9 (12): e1003985. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003985. PMC 3873225. PMID 24385917.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Eijpe, Maureen; Offenberg, Hildo; Jessberger, Rolf; Revenkova, Ekaterina; Heyting, Christa (Mar 3, 2003). "Meiotic cohesin REC8 marks the axial elements of rat synaptonemal complexes before cohesins SMC1beta and SMC3". PubMed Central.
- ^ Novak, Ivana; Wang, Hong; Revenkova, Ekaterina; Jessberger, Rolf; Scherthan, Harry; Höög, Christer (Jan 14, 2008). "Cohesin Smc1β determines meiotic chromatin axis loop organization". The Journal of Cell Biology. 180 (1): 83–90. doi:10.1083/jcb.200706136. PMC 2213612. PMID 18180366.
- ^ Biswas, Uddipta; Stevense, Michelle; Jessberger, Rolf (Jan 22, 2018). "SMC1α Substitutes for Many Meiotic Functions of SMC1β but Cannot Protect Telomeres from Damage". Current Biology : Cb. 28 (2): 249–261.e4. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.12.020. PMC 5788747. PMID 29337080.
- ^ a b Mannini, Linda; Cucco, Francesco; Quarantotti, Valentina; Amato, Clelia; Tinti, Mara; Tana, Luigi; Frattini, Annalisa; Delia, Domenico; Krantz, Ian; Jessberger, Rolf; Musio, Antonio (Dec 17, 2015). "SMC1B is present in mammalian somatic cells and interacts with mitotic cohesin proteins". PubMed Central. 5: 18472. doi:10.1038/srep18472. PMC 4682075. PMID 26673124.
- ^ a b c d Yi, Fei; Wang, Zhuo; Liu, Jingwei; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Zhijun; Xu, Hongde; Li, Xiaoman; Bai, Ning; Cao, Liu; Song, Xiaoyu (Sep 3, 2017). "Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes protein 1: Role in Genome Stability and Tumorigenesis". International Journal of Biological Sciences. 13 (8): 1092–1099. doi:10.7150/ijbs.21206. PMC 5599913. PMID 28924389.
- ^ Milner, Danny (2015). Diagnostic pathology. Infectious diseases. Danny A., Jr. Milner, Nicole Pecora, Isaac Solomon, Thing Rinda Soong. Elsevier Health Sciences. pp. 40–42. ISBN 978-0-323-40037-4. OCLC 921986998.
- ^ a b Mehta, Kavi; Gunasekharan, Vignesh; Satsuka, Ayano; Laimins, Laimonis A. (2015-04-13). "Human Papillomaviruses Activate and Recruit SMC1 Cohesin Proteins for the Differentiation-Dependent Life Cycle through Association with CTCF Insulators". PLOS Pathogens. 11 (4): e1004763. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004763. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 4395367. PMID 25875106.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Espoti, Davide D.; Sklias, Athena; Lima, Sheila C; Beghelli-de la Forest Divonne, Stéphanie; Cahais, Vincent; Fernandez-Jimenez, Nora; Cros, Marie-Pierre; Ecsedi, Szilvia; Cuenin, Cyrille; Bouaoun, Liacine; Byrnes, Graham; Accardi, Rosita; Sudaka, Anne; Giordanengo, Valérie; Hernandez-Vargas, Hector (Apr 5, 2017). "Unique DNA methylation signature in HPV-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas". Genome Medicine. 9 (1): 33. doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0419-z. PMC 5382363. PMID 28381277.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Boukaba, Abdelhalim; Liu, Jian; Ward, Carl; Wu, Qiongfang; Arnaoutov, Alexei; Liang, Jierong; Pugacheva, Elena M.; Dasso, Mary; Lobanenkov, Victor; Esteban, Miguel; Strunnikov, Alexander V. (2022-09-30). "Ectopic expression of meiotic cohesin generates chromosome instability in cancer cell line". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (40): e2204071119. doi:10.1073/pnas.2204071119. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 9549395. PMID 36179046.