User:Hemiauchenia/sandboxPermian

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All GSSPs for the Permian are based around the first appearance datum of specific species of conodont, an enigmatic group of jawless chordates whos hard teeth like oral elements are key index fossils for most of the Palaeozoic and the Triassic.

The Asselian was named by the Russian stratigrapher V.E. Ruzhenchev in 1954, after the Assel River in the southern Ural Mountains. The GSSP for the base of the Asselian is located in the Aidaralash River valley near Aqtöbe, Kazakhstan, which was ratified in 1996. The beginning of the stage is defined by the first appearance of Streptognathodus postfusus.[1]

The Sakmarian is named in reference to the Sakmara River, and was coined by Alexander Karpinsky in 1874. The GSSP for the base of the Sakmarian is located at the Usolka section in the southern Urals, which was ratified in 2018. The GSSP is defined by the first appearance of Sweetognathus binodosus.[2]

The Artinskian was named after the city of Arti in the southern Urals, and was first named by Karpinsky in 1874. The Artiskian currently lacks a defined GSSP.[3]

The Kungurian is named after Kungur, a city in Perm Krai. The stage was named by Alexandr Antonovich Stukenberg in 1890. The Kungurian currently lacks a defined GSSP.[3]

The Roadian was named in 1968 in reference to the Road Canyon Member of the Word Formation in Texas. The GSSP for the base of the Roadian is located 42.7m above the base of the Cutoff Formation in Stratotype Canyon, Guadalupe Mountains, Texas, and was ratified in 2001. The beginning of the stage is defined by the fist appearance of Jinogondolella nankingensis.[4]

The Wordian was named in reference to the Word Formation, the GSSP for the base of the Wordian is located in Guadalupe Pass, Texas, within the sediments of the Getaway Limestone Member of the Cherry Canyon Formation, which was ratified in 2001. The base of the Wordian is defined by the first appearance of the conodont Jinogondolella postserrata.[5]

The Capitanian is named after the Capitan Reef in the Guadalupe Mountains of Texas, named by George Burr Richardson in 1904, and ratified as an international stage by the ICS in 2001. The GSSP for the base of the Captianian is located at Nipple Hill in the southeast Guadalupe Mountains of Texas, and was ratified in 2001, the beginning of the stage is defined by the first appearance of Jinogondolella postserrata.[6]

The Lopinginan was introduced by Amadeus William Grabau in 1923 Leping, Jiangxi in China. Originally the term was used for a lithostraphic unit in Southern China. T.K. Huang in 1932 raised the Lopingian to a series, including all Permian deposits that overlie the Maokou Limestone. In 1995, a vote by the Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy of the ICS adopted the Lopingian as an international standard chronostraphic unit.[7]

The Wuchiapinginan and Changhsingian were first introduced in 1962, by J. Z. Sheng as the "Wuchiaping Formation" and "Changhsing Formation" within the Lopingian series. The GSSP for the base of the Wuchiapingian is located at Penglaitan, Guangxi, China and was ratfied in 2004. The boundary is defined by the first appearance of Clarkina postbitteri postbitteri[7] The Changhsingian was originally derived from the Changxing Limestone, a geological unit first named by the Grabau in 1923. The GSSP for the base of the Changhsingian is located 88 cm above the base of the Changxing Limestone in Meishan D section, Zhejiang, China and was ratified in 2005, the boundary is defined by the first appearance of Clarkina wangi.[8]

The GSSP for the base of the Triassic is located at the base of Bed 27c at the Meishan D section, Zhejiang, China, and was ratified in 2001. The GSSP is defined by the first appearance of Hindeodus parvus.[9]

  1. ^ Davydov, V.I., Glenister, B.F., Spinosa, C., Ritter, S.M., Chernykh, V.V., Wardlaw, B.R. & Snyder, W.S. 1998. Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System. Episodes, 21, 11–17.
  2. ^ Chernykh, by Valery V.; Chuvashov, Boris I.; Shen, Shu-Zhong; Henderson, Charles M.; Yuan, Dong-Xun; Stephenson, and Michael H. (2020-12-01). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base- Sakmarian Stage (Cisuralian, Lower Permian)". Episodes Journal of International Geoscience. 43 (4): 961–979. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020059.
  3. ^ a b Cohen, K.M., Finney, S.C., Gibbard, P.L. & Fan, J.-X. (2013; updated) The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart. Episodes 36: 199-204.
  4. ^ "GSSP for Roadian Stage". International Commission on Stratigraphy. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 13 December 2020.
  5. ^ "GSSP for Wordian Stage". International Commission on Stratigraphy. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 13 December 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  6. ^ "GSSP for Capitanian Stage". International Commission on Stratigraphy. International Commission on Stratigraphy. Retrieved 13 December 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  7. ^ a b Jin, Y.; Shen, S.; Henderson, C. M.; Wang, X.; Wang, W.; Wang, Y.; Cao, C. & Shang, Q.; 2006: The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the boundary between the Capitanian and Wuchiapingian Stage (Permian), Episodes 29(4), pp. 253–262
  8. ^ Jin, Yugan; Wang, Yue; Henderson, Charles; Wardlaw, Bruce R.; Shen, Shuzhong; Cao, Changqun (2006-09-01). "The Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of Changhsingian Stage (Upper Permian)". Episodes. 29 (3): 175–182. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2006/v29i3/003. ISSN 0705-3797.
  9. ^ Hongfu, Yin; Kexin, Zhang; Jinnan, Tong; Zunyi, Yang; Shunbao, Wu (June 2001). "The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Permian-Triassic Boundary" (PDF). Episodes. 24 (2): 102–114. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2001/v24i2/004. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
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