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| Neuropil | |
|---|---|
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | neuropilus |
| Anatomical terminology | |
From the Greek: neuro and pilos, meaning felt.[1]. The term most likely originated in the late 19th century.[2] In neuroanatomy, a neuropil, which is sometimes referred to as a neuropile, is a region between neuronal cell bodies in the gray matter of the brain and blood-brain barrier (i.e. the central nervous system). It consists of a dense tangle of axon terminals, dendrites and glial cell processes. It is where synaptic connections are formed between branches of axons and dendrites.[3]
White matter, which is mostly composed of axons and glial cells, is generally not considered to be a part of the neuropil.[citation needed]
Examples
Neuropil has been found in the following regions: outer neocortex layer, barrel cortex, inner plexiform layer and outer plexiform layer, glomerulus (plural glomeruli). These are all found in humans but many species have counterparts similar to our own regions of neuropil. However, the degree of similarity depends upon the composition of neuropil being compared. The concentrations of neuropil within certain regions are important to determine because simply using the proportions of the different postsynaptic elements does not verify the necessary, conclusive evidence. Comparing the concentrations can determine whether or not proportions of different postsynaptic elements contacted a particular axonal pathway. Relative concentrations could signify a reflection of different postsynaptic elements in the neuropil or show that axons sought out and formed synapses only with specific postsynaptic elements.[4]
Neuropil in Humans
Function
Neuropil in Non-Humans
Research
Recent
The neuropil provides a proxy measure of total connectivity within a local region because it is comprised mostly of dendrites, axons, and synapses.[5]
Future
References
- ^ Freeman, Walter J. How Brains Make up their Minds , 2000, p. 47
- ^ Pearsall, Judy. "Neuropil". Oxford Dictionaries Online. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ Purves, Dale, George J. Augustine, David Fitzpatrick, William C. Hall, Anthony-Samuel LaMantia, James O. McNamara, and Leonard E. White (2008). Neuroscience. 4th ed. Sinauer Associates. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-87893-697-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ White, Edward L. (1989). Cortical Circuits Synaptic Organization of the Cerebral Cortex Structure, Function, and Theory. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston. ISBN 0-8176-03402-9.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: length (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ Spocter, Muhammad A.; Hopkins, William D.; Barks, Sarah K.; Bianchi, Serena; Hehmeyer, Abigail E.; Anderson, Sarah M.; Stimpson, Cheryl D.; Fobbs, Archibald J.; Hof, Patrick R.; Sherwood, Chet C. (2012). "Neuropil distribution in the cerebral cortex differs between humans and chimpanzees". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 520 (13). Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company: 2917–2929. doi:10.1002/cne.23074. ISSN 1096-9861. PMC 3556724. PMID 22350926.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
- Neuropil: Roche Encyclopedia of Medicine, Dictionary Barn.
- Gazzaniga, Richard B. Ivry (2009). Cognitive neuroscience: the biology of the mind (3rd ed.). New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 9780393927955.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - Eric R. Kandel, James H. Schwartz, Thomas M. Jessell, ed. (2000). Principles of neural science (4th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Health Professions Division. ISBN 0838577016.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - Larry R. Squire and Stephen M. Kosslyn, ed. (1998). Findings and current opinion in cognitive neuroscience. Current opinion in neurobiology. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press. ISBN 026269204X.
- Spocter, Muhammad A.; Hopkins, William D.; Barks, Sarah K.; Bianchi, Serena; Hehmeyer, Abigail E.; Anderson, Sarah M.; Stimpson, Cheryl D.; Fobbs, Archibald J.; Hof, Patrick R.; Sherwood, Chet C. (2012). "Neuropil distribution in the cerebral cortex differs between humans and chimpanzees". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 520 (13). Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company: 2917–2929. doi:10.1002/cne.23074. ISSN 1096-9861. PMC 3556724. PMID 22350926.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - White, Edward L. (1989). Cortical Circuits Synaptic Organization of the Cerebral Cortex Structure, Function, and Theory. Boston: Birkhäuser Boston. ISBN 0-8176-03402-9.
{{cite book}}: Check|isbn=value: length (help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help)
External links
- Neuropil at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- Histology image: 04104loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Nervous Tissue and Neuromuscular Junction: spinal cord, cell bodies of anterior horn cells"
- Neuropil - Cell Centered Database
- Histology image: 3_08 at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center