User:Chang666666/sandbox

Face-to-face interaction (less often, face-to-face communication or face-to-face discourse) is a concept in sociology, linguistics, media and communication studies describing social interaction carried out without any mediating technology.[1] Face-to-face interaction is defined as the mutual influence of individuals’ direct physical presence with his/her body language.[2] Face-to-face interaction is one of the basic elements of the social system, forming a significant part of individual socialization and experience gaining throughout one's lifetime.[3] Similarly it is also central to the development of various groups and organizations composed of those individuals.[3]

Face-to-face interaction are the essential key to makes individual become better in dealing with all the relationship among people, but in today's digital age, face-to-face interaction seems to be fading in importance, as people can communicate almost all day without interacting with others.People rely heavily on the convenience of email, text messaging and social media. Anyhow, the advantages of face-to-face interaction is way much more than disadvantages and It is time to move away from online interaction and return to effective face-to-face interaction.

Study of face-to-face interaction is defined as the process of recording and analyzing the reactive pattern of individuals when they are involved in a face-to-face interaction.[4] It is concerned with issues such as its organization, rules, and strategy. The concept of face-to-face interaction has been of interest to scholars since at least the early 20th century.[5] One of the earliest social science scholars to analyze this type of interaction was sociologist Georg Simmel, who in his 1908 book observed that sensory organs play an important role in interaction, discussing examples of human behavior such as eye contact.[5] His insights were soon developed by others, including Charles Cooley and George Herbert Mead.[6] Their theories became known as symbolic interactionism.[7] By the mid-20th century, there was already a sizable scholarly literature on various aspects of face-to-face interaction.[6] Works on this topic have been published by scholars such as Erving Goffman[8] and Eliot Chapple.[6]

Historically, mediated communication was much rarer than face-to-face.[9] Even through humans possessed the technology to use technology to communicate in space and time for millennia, the majority of the world's population lacked the necessary skills, such as literacy, to use them.[9] This began to change with the invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg that led to the spread of printed texts and rising literacy in Europe from the 15th century.[9] Since then, face-to-face interaction has begun to steadily lose ground to mediated communication.[9]

Face-to-face communication has been however described as less preferable to mediated communication in some situations, particularly where time and geographical distance are an issue.[10] For example, in maintaining a long-distance friendship, face-to-face communication was only the fourth most common way of maintaining ties, after telephone, email, and instant messaging.[11]

What's more, face-to-face communication could easily be interrupted or avoided by just pulling out a cell phone or electronic device. When it comes to communication and understanding one another fully 93% is non-verbal, and body language and 7% is written. (Tardanico) According to research studies show that there is an estimated total of over 300 million cell phones users in the United States. (Lopez-Rosenfeld) Owning a cell phone becomes a distraction in everyday life whether if you get a phone call, text message, e-mail, etc. Any alert, in general, is a distraction because of the settings that you can customize.[4]

Despite the advent of many new information and communication technologies, face-to-face interaction is still widespread and popular and has a better performance in many different areas. Nardi and Whittaker (2002) pointed that face-to-face communication is still the golden standard among the mediated technologies based on many theorists,[10] particularly in the context of the media richness theory where face-to-face communication is described as the most efficient and informational one.[12][13] This is explained because face-to-face communication engages more human senses than mediated communication.[14] Face-to-face interaction is also a useful way for people when they want to win over others based on verbal communication,[15] or when they try to settle disagreements.[16] Besides, it does help a lot for teachers as one effective teaching method.[17] It is also easier to keep a stronger and more active political connection with others by face-to-face interaction.[18]

So far, the effect of face-to-face interaction across different cultures has not been discussed. Although there are increasingly virtual communications in large transnational companies with the development of Internet, face-to-face interaction is still a crucial tool for employees to cooperate or negotiate with each other.

Cooperation in a multicultural team requires knowledge sharing. Ambiguous knowledge which arises frequently in a multicultural team is inevitable because of the different language habits. Face-to-face communication is better than other virtual communications for the ambiguous information. The reason is that face-to-face communication can provide non-verbal messages including gestures, eye contact, touch, and body movement. However, the virtual communications, such as email, only have verbal information which will make team members more misunderstanding of the knowledge due to their different comprehension of the same words. On the other hand, the understanding of professional standards shows no difference between face-to-face interaction and virtual communications.[19]

What's more, van der Zwaard and Bannink (2014) examined the effect of video call compared with face-to-face communication on the negotiation of meaning between native speakers and non-native speakers of English.[20] Face-to-face communication can provide individuals who use English as the second language both intentional and unintentional actions which could enhance the comprehension of the chat in English.[20] Besides, individuals are more honest in understanding when they are in face-to-face interaction than in video call due to the potential loss of face issues for the non-native language speakers during the video call. So as a result, face-to-face interaction has a more positive influence on the negotiation of meaning than virtual communications such as the video call.[20]

1. View the Body Language

In most of the conversation, it is easy to understand other people's talking content with body language involve. The body language and facial expression give people the better understanding with the feedback at the moment of the conversation.some other type of the communication never provide this type of the advantage, because people can not see the emotion and face expression through the words in the texting or other social media. also, the voice in the conversation can give the hint about how people's feeling when they express themselves.On the other hand, it is the good way to find the reactions and emotions of people during the face-to-face interaction. In the job, face-to-face interaction makes employees more motivated from the manager.

2. Level up the Relationship

The second benefit is face-to-face interaction helps people to extend the social circle and to make more friends. In the face-to-face interaction, it is more easier for people to make friends than on the social media, because it feels more real and comfortable, it can improve people's relationship, personal or career. E-mail or phone calls doesn't build the relationship faster than the face-to-face interaction, face-to-face interaction makes people feel more satisfied from each other.(21)

3. Values the other people

The third benefit is when people make an effort to actually see other people and focus on them and taking serious about what other people are saying through the expression in the conversation, it makes other people feel valued, it showed people are respecting each others during the face-to-face conversation.

4. Efficiency

The fourth benefit is that Meeting people in person is much efficient than on the social or email, particularly in the business world. Assuming to explain the whole project via email, then it would be taking much more time to answering questions to all the group members who have the question, but to make a meeting to face-to-face with all the members, it would definitely save much time and solve all the question once for all to the members.

5.Protects confidentiality

In face-to-face interaction, the information of the conversation only revealed to the people who we trust in the private setting and there is no record between the conversation that people discussed for each other.

Students in today's competitive world need to master the basics Excellent communication skills, both academically and professionally.Over the years, Among students, a trend of popular spoken and casual use has been observed The language used in everyday conversation can seriously affect their whole being Personality.But students are embracing unstructured and informal models "Completely unaware of the complexity required to be successful and effective The session.Overcome this communication problem and promote learning outcomes And develop students' communication skills, seemingly able to talk face to face Become the best choice.Absolute participation in any dialogue situation is required The perfect synchronization between listening and speaking.(22)

Communication is at the heart of any relationship, and building profitable ones Is critical to the success of all businesses.Despite the increasing emphasis on roles E-mail, smart phones or modern internet-based communication methods Social platform, the importance of face-to-face communication can not be ignored.the Face-to-face communication involves the spontaneous exchange of ideas, ideas and facts Connecting with people has been spared all modern forms of communication Demonstrate quality, credibility and effectiveness.But digital students Age is heavily dependent on technology, and technology is development The ability to communicate face to face."Developing communication Improve students' abilities through face-to-face communication.

People with social anxiety may be extremely afraid of embarrassment in social situations.This fear can affect personal and professional relationships. Social anxiety disorders often appear in early childhood, a normal part of social development, and may not be ignored until the person is older.The cause and frequency of social anxiety vary from person to person. In some social situations, such as giving a speech, dating, or attending a competition, many people feel nervous.This is normal and not considered social anxiety. Social anxiety becomes a medical condition when everyday social interactions cause excessive fear, self-awareness and embarrassment. Trivial daily tasks (such as filling out forms with people around you, eating in public or with friends) can be stressful for people with social anxiety.(23)

Perception

People with social anxiety disorders are often perceived as shy, quiet, introverted, isolated, cautious, unfriendly, nervous, arrogant and indifferent.

Paradoxically, people with social anxiety disorder want to make friends, integrate into groups, and participate in social activities. But social anxiety can prevent people from doing what they want to do. Although people with social anxiety disorder want to be friendly, open, and sociable, it is fear (anxiety) that hinders them.(24)

Symptoms

People with social anxiety disorders often feel very painful in the following situations:

 By Introducing to others.  Being laughed at or criticized.  Become the center of attention.  Observed or observed while doing something.  Have to say something in a formal public place.  Meet with authorities.  Feeling unsafe and uncomfortable in social situations .  Easy to feel embarrassing.  Meet others' eyes.  swallowing, writing, talking and calling others in public.

^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]}