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Blanche Edwards-Pilliet (1858–1941) was a famous French physician, medical teacher, and leading social reformer for women. She, along with Augusta Déjerine-Klumpke, was one of the first women to intern at a hospital in Paris.

Early Life

Edwards-Pilliet was home-schooled by her well-educated British father, Doctor George Hugh Edwards. She grew up speaking both French and English and learningmathematics, science, and the classics. After taking the baccalauréat-ès-lettres in 1877 and the baccalauréat-ès-sciences in 1878, she was able to enroll in the faculty of medicine in Paris at the age of 19.

Career and later life

In 1885, when Edwards-Pilliet applied to be a hospital intern, over 90 doctors and interns signed a petition against it because she was a woman. However, the Paris municipal council allowed her case to be heard. On July 31, French lawyer Eugène Poubelle signed her case, allowing her to work in Parisian hospitals on the condition that she did not use their intern title to enter the final exams to be a doctor. She did.

Edwards-Pilliet's specialty was surgery. Despite fierce competition, especially since she was a woman, her prize-winning dissertation helped her create her first consulting room in 1889, where she worked for the next 50 years. In 1892, she married, and she would go on to have three children. She also taught school medicine, despite receiving low pay. In fact, she was the only woman of her time offered a medical teaching post by the Assistance Publique (Public Hospital System).

During 40 years she has been a professor at the School for the Training of Male and Female Nurses in the Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital and Bicêtre Hospital.

She died in 1941 at the age of 82.

Social Advocacy

An outspoken feminist, Edwards-Pilliet spent much of her time advocating for social reform, principally for women and children. Examples of her In 1901, Edwards-Pilliet founded The Ligue des Mères de Famille, one of the first Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs) from which many of France's social organizations later developed. She was also a member of the Parti radical, which advocated for women's suffrage, and in 1930, she was elected vice president of one of their Paris sections. She also became Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur (National Order of the Legion of Honour) in 1924.

References

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6. ^ Holland, Josiah Gilbert; Gilder, Richard Watson (1893-01-01). The Century Illustrated Monthly Magazine. Scribner & Company; The Century Company.

Su Qing (Chinese: 苏青; 1914–1982) was a twentieth-century Chinese writer. Known for her work detailing the female experience, she was a contemporary of Eileen Chang and is often compared to her.

Contents

• 1 Life
• 2 Works
• 3 References
• 4 External links

Life

Su Qing was born in 1914 in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province. In 1933, at the age of nineteen, she was admitted to National Central University (now Nanjing University) as an English major.^[1]

Due to family pressure, she quit school and married a man that her parents selected.^[2] She moved to Shanghai with her husband. In the 1940s, after an unhappy ten-year marriage, she and her husband divorced. She then started her new life as an occupational writer.

Su Qing was appointed as an editor at Shaoxing Opera Group after the Anti-Japanese War. During the War of Liberation, she publicly criticized the Communist government in a series of essays and was eventually jailed for two years in 1955.^[3] Due to the bold subject matter of her work and her alleged connections to hanjian (those who were viewed as race traitors), Su Qing's career was troubled near the end of her life, and she was widely attacked and insulted.^[4] She died in Shanghai in 1982 after struggling with poverty and illness.

Works

Su Qing was once called Feng Yunzhuang (Chinese: 冯允庄) and used the pen name Feng Heyi (Chinese: 冯和仪) for her early works. She began using Su Qing as her pen name in 1937.^[5] She began her writing career in 1935. Delivery (Chinese: 产女), her first work, was published in the magazine called Lun Yu. Most of her works were published in magazines including: The Wind of the Universe (Chinese: 宇宙风), Yi Jing (Chinese: 逸经), Ancient and Modern (Chinese: 古今), The Talk about the weather (Chinese: 风雨谈), and The Heaven and Earth (Chinese: 天地).

Most of the essays she wrote between 1935 and 1944 were collected into one of her major works, Drifting Brocade. This work alluded to her personal life, and Su Qing said that "these essays are a reminiscence of my past." ^[6]

Her representative work, Ten Years of Marriage (Chinese: 结婚十年) was published in 1943. The semi-autobiographical novel describes her experiences about her married life. It contains her initial feelings on marriage, the bitterness and happiness of delivery, the extramarital love and the associations with different kinds of men. Owing to the authentic descriptions of sexual psychology, she was described as a bold female writer and received both praise and blame. The fiction had its separate edition the following year. Ten Years of Marriage had 18 editions at the end of 1948, which surpassed Eileen Chang’s fiction. In 1947, she created the continuation of Ten Years of Marriage.

She also wrote a novel called The Beauty on the Wrong Road (Chinese: 歧路佳人), which caused a shortage of printing paper.

During the years at Shaoxing Opera Group, she compiled these plays: Hate Remains in the Land, Qu Yuan, Baoyu and Daiyu and The Biography of Li Wa. Baoyu and Daiyu has been performed more than 300 times since 1954 and has created the highest records of the Opera group.

References

External links

• Women writers in 1940s Shanghai who were not Eileen Chang (article)
• Su Qing on renditions.org