Union of Bukovina with Romania

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The union of Bukovina with Romania was declared in 28 November 1918, being officially recognized by the international community in 1919 and 1920.

Timeline of events

1918

  • 22 October - Constantin Isopescu-Grecul, a Bukovinian Romanian deputy in the Austrian Imperial Council, warns the authorities in Vienna that if they do not force Budapest to release Transylvania and other Romanian-inhabited areas from Hungary, then the Romanian subjects of the empire would have to look for outside help.[1]
  • 25 October - The Ukrainian National Committee for Bukovina is formed.[1]
  • 27 October - The Romanian National Council is formed under the leadership of Iancu Flondor.[1]
  • 3 November - The Ukrainian National Rada takes control of the state apparatus in Czernowitz and the surrounding area.[2]
  • 4 November - Aurel Onciul, a Romanian Bukovinian politician, concludes an agreement (not authorized by the Romanian National Council) with the Ukrainian National Committee providing for the division of Bukovina along ethnic lines and joint Romanian-Ukrainian control over Czernowitz (the capital of Bukovina).[1]
  • 6 November - The Ukrainian National Committee occupies all Government buildings in Czernowitz and Omelian Popowicz is proclaimed President of "Ukrainian Bukovina".[3]
  • 7 November - Iancu Flondor appeals to the Romanian Government to occupy the entire land of Bukovina.[1]
  • 9/10 November - Romania re-declares war on the Central Powers (the May 1918 Treaty of Bucharest put an end to the first Romanian Campaign).[1][4]
  • 10 November - The Ukrainian National Committee together with its military supporters retreat from Czernowitz.[3]
  • 11 November - Czernowitz (claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic) is seized by the Romanian Army.[1][5][3]
  • 12 November - The Romanian National Council establishes a new government in Bukovina under Flondor's presidency.[1]
  • 28 November - The Romanian National Council, together with Polish and German representatives, convokes the General Congress of Bukovina which requests the union of Bukovina with Romania.[1][6]
  • 19 December - The Romanian Government issues a decree formalizing Bukovina's annexation.[1]

1919

1920

  • 10 August - The Treaty of Sèvres established the Romanian-Polish boundary (mainly, based on the July 1919 Lwów Convention).[8][10]

Aftermath

Since 2015, Bukovina Day is celebrated in Romania every 28 November to commemorate the union of the region with Romania.[11]

  • Bukovina within Austria-Hungary
    Bukovina within Austria-Hungary
  • Flag of Bukovina
    Flag of Bukovina
  • Division of Bukovina (orange) as claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic (black interrupted line)
    Division of Bukovina (orange) as claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic (black interrupted line)
  • Ethnic map of Bukovina (purple = Romanians, green = Ukrainians)
    Ethnic map of Bukovina (purple = Romanians, green = Ukrainians)
  • Iancu Flondor
    Iancu Flondor

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, University of Washington Press, 2017, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918, p. 446
  2. ^ Vasyl Kuchabsky, Gus Fagan, Wirth-Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2009, Western Ukraine in conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918-1923, p. 54
  3. ^ a b c Volodymyr Kubiĭovych, Ukrainian National Association, 1963, Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 787
  4. ^ Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, ABC-CLIO, 2005, World War I: A Student Encyclopedia, p. 361
  5. ^ Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich, Scarecrow Press, 2013, Historical Dictionary of Ukraine, p. 749
  6. ^ Keith Hitchins, Clarendon Press, 1994, Rumania 1866-1947, p. 279
  7. ^ Lawrence Martin (2007). The Treaties of Peace, 1919-1923. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 1091–. ISBN 978-1-58477-708-3.
  8. ^ a b Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer, John Benjamins Publishing, 2006, History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, Volume 2, p. 58
  9. ^ Richard C. Hall, ABC-CLIO, 2014, War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia, p. 50
  10. ^ Ciorteanu, Cezar (July 2014). "Politico-Territorial Projects concerning Bukovina and the Romanian-Polish Border in the Context of Diplomatic Negotiations during and after World War I (1914-1920)". Codrul Cosminului. XX (1): 113–148. ISSN 2067-5860. Retrieved 25 December 2019.
  11. ^ "Ziua Bucovinei". Agerpres (in Romanian). 25 November 2016.
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