Template:Physical constants/sandbox

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{{physconst}}

This template provides easy inclusion of the latest CODATA recommended values of physical constants in articles. It gives the most recent values published, and will be updated when newer values become available, which is typically every four years.

The values have been updated to the CODATA 2022 values. This includes the 2019 redefinition of SI base units, which made the values of several constants exact (e.g. e), whereas some previously exactly defined constants acquired an uncertainty (e.g. μ₀).

Usage

Arguments

symbol: If set to yes, the value is preceded by the symbol of the constant, followed by ≈ or = depending on whether or not round is set.
round: If omitted, the value is shown along with its standard uncertainty. If set to an integer n, the value is rounded to the first n digits after the decimal point (trailing zeros are unfortunately omitted).
unit: If set to no, the unit of measurement is not shown.
ref: If set to no, no reference is given. If set to only, only the reference is given.
after: Text (e.g. punctuation) to be shown after the constant before the reference.
runc: If set to yes, this will provide only the relative standard uncertainty of the value and its reference.

Available constants

Code	Constant	Value	Relative standard uncertainty
`c`	speed of light	c = 299792458 m⋅s⁻¹	u_r(c) = 0‍^[1]
`e`	elementary charge	e = 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ C	u_r(e) = 0‍^[2]
`eV`	electronvolt	eV = 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ J	u_r(eV) = 0‍^[3]
`F`	Faraday constant	F = 9.648533212...×10⁴ C⋅mol⁻¹	u_r(F) = 0‍^[4]
`G`	Newtonian constant of gravitation	G = 6.67430(15)×10⁻¹¹ m³⋅kg⁻¹⋅s⁻²	u_r(G) = 2.2×10⁻⁵‍^[5]
`G0`	conductance quantum	G₀ = 7.748091729...×10⁻⁵ S	u_r(G₀) = 0‍^[6]
`G0inv`	inverse conductance quantum	G₀⁻¹ = 12906.40372... Ω	u_r(G₀⁻¹) = 0‍^[7]
`GF/hbarc3`	Fermi coupling constant	G_F/⁠(ħc)³ = 1.1663787(6)×10⁻⁵ GeV⁻²	u_r(G_F/⁠(ħc)³) = 5.1×10⁻⁷‍^[8]
`h`	Planck constant	h = 6.62607015×10⁻³⁴ J⋅Hz⁻¹	u_r(h) = 0‍^[9]
`h_eV/Hz`	Planck constant in eV/⁠Hz	h = 4.135667696...×10⁻¹⁵ eV⋅Hz⁻¹	u_r(h) = 0‍^[10]
`hbar`	reduced Planck constant	ħ = 1.054571817...×10⁻³⁴ J⋅s	u_r(ħ) = 0‍^[11]
`hbar_eVs`	reduced Planck constant in eV⋅s	ħ = 6.582119569...×10⁻¹⁶ eV⋅s	u_r(ħ) = 0‍^[12]
`k`	Boltzmann constant	k = 1.380649×10⁻²³ J⋅K⁻¹	u_r(k) = 0‍^[13]
`KJ`	Josephson constant	K_J = 483597.8484...×10⁹ Hz⋅V⁻¹	u_r(K_J) = 0‍^[14]
`NA`	Avogadro constant	N_A = 6.02214076×10²³ mol⁻¹	u_r(N_A) = 0‍^[15]
`NAh`	molar Planck constant	N_Ah = 3.990312712...×10⁻¹⁰ J⋅Hz⁻¹⋅mol⁻¹	u_r(N_Ah) = 0‍^[16]
`RK`	von Klitzing constant	R_K = 25812.80745... Ω	u_r(R_K) = 0‍^[17]
`Z0`	characteristic impedance of vacuum	Z₀ = 376.730313412(59) Ω	u_r(Z₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[18]
`alpha`	fine-structure constant	α = 0.0072973525643(11)	u_r(α) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[19]
`alphainv`	inverse fine-structure constant	α⁻¹ = 137.035999177(21)	u_r(α⁻¹) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[20]
`eps0`	vacuum electric permittivity	ε₀ = 8.8541878188(14)×10⁻¹² F⋅m⁻¹	u_r(ε₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[21]
`sin2thW`	sine-square weak mixing angle	sin²θ_W = 0.22305(23)	u_r(sin²θ_W) = 1.0×10⁻³‍^[22]
`mu0`	vacuum magnetic permeability	μ₀ = 1.25663706127(20)×10⁻⁶ N⋅A⁻²	u_r(μ₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[23]
`Phi0`	magnetic flux quantum	Φ₀ = 2.067833848...×10⁻¹⁵ Wb	u_r(Φ₀) = 0‍^[24]
Thermal radiation
`bwien`	Wien wavelength displacement law constant	b = 2.897771955...×10⁻³ m⋅K	u_r(b) = 0‍^[25]
`bwien'`	Wien frequency displacement law constant	b′ = 5.878925757...×10¹⁰ Hz⋅K⁻¹	u_r(b′) = 0‍^[26]
`c1`	first radiation constant	c₁ = 3.741771852...×10⁻¹⁶ W⋅m²	u_r(c₁) = 0‍^[27]
`c1L`	first radiation constant for spectral radiance	c_1L = 1.191042972...×10⁻¹⁶ W⋅m²⋅sr⁻¹	u_r(c_1L) = 0‍^[28]
`c2`	second radiation constant	c₂ = 1.438776877...×10⁻² m⋅K	u_r(c₂) = 0‍^[29]
`sigma`	Stefan–Boltzmann constant	σ = 5.670374419...×10⁻⁸ W⋅m⁻²⋅K⁻⁴	u_r(σ) = 0‍^[30]
Particle-related values
`asil`	lattice parameter of silicon	a = 5.431020511(89)×10⁻¹⁰ m	u_r(a) = 1.6×10⁻⁸‍^[31]
`a0`	Bohr radius	a₀ = 5.29177210544(82)×10⁻¹¹ m	u_r(a₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[32]
`ae`	electron magnetic moment anomaly	a_e = 0.00115965218046(18)	u_r(a_e) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[33]
`Ar(d)`	deuteron relative atomic mass	A_r(d) = 2.013553212544(15)	u_r(A_r(d)) = 7.4×10⁻¹²‍^[34]
`Ar(e)`	electron relative atomic mass	A_r(e) = 5.485799090441(97)×10⁻⁴	u_r(A_r(e)) = 1.8×10⁻¹¹‍^[35]
`Ar(h)`	helion relative atomic mass	A_r(h) = 3.014932246932(74)	u_r(A_r(h)) = 2.5×10⁻¹¹‍^[36]
`Ar(n)`	neutron relative atomic mass	A_r(n) = 1.00866491606(40)	u_r(A_r(n)) = 4.0×10⁻¹⁰‍^[37]
`Ar(p)`	proton relative atomic mass	A_r(p) = 1.0072764665789(83)	u_r(A_r(p)) = 8.3×10⁻¹²‍^[38]
`Ar(t)`	triton relative atomic mass	A_r(t) = 3.01550071597(10)	u_r(A_r(t)) = 3.4×10⁻¹¹‍^[39]
`Ar(alpha)`	alpha particle relative atomic mass	A_r(α) = 4.001506179129(62)	u_r(A_r(α)) = 1.6×10⁻¹¹‍^[40]
`-e/me`	electron charge-to-mass ratio	−e/⁠m_e = −1.75882000838(55)×10¹¹ C⋅kg⁻¹	u_r(−e/⁠m_e) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[41]
`Eh`	Hartree energy	E_h = 4.3597447222060(48)×10⁻¹⁸ J	u_r(E_h) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[42]
`Eh_eV`	Hartree energy in eV	E_h = 27.211386245981(30) eV	u_r(E_h) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[43]
`ge`	electron g-factor	g_e⁻ = −2.00231930436092(36)	u_r(g_e⁻) = 1.8×10⁻¹³‍^[44]
`gn`	neutron g-factor	g_n = −3.82608552(90)	u_r(g_n) = 2.4×10⁻⁷‍^[45]
`gp`	proton g-factor	g_p = 5.5856946893(16)	u_r(g_p) = 2.9×10⁻¹⁰‍^[46]
`gmu`	muon g-factor	g_μ⁻ = −2.00233184123(82)	u_r(g_μ⁻) = 4.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[47]
`h/2me`	quantum of circulation	πħ/⁠m_e = 3.6369475467(11)×10⁻⁴ m²⋅s⁻¹	u_r(πħ/⁠m_e) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[48]
`md`	deuteron mass	m_d = 3.3435837768(10)×10⁻²⁷ kg	u_r(m_d) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[49]
`md_Da`	deuteron mass in daltons	m_d = 2.013553212544(15) Da	u_r(m_d) = 7.4×10⁻¹²‍^[50]
`me`	electron mass	m_e = 9.1093837139(28)×10⁻³¹ kg	u_r(m_e) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[51]
`me_Da`	electron mass in daltons	m_e = 5.485799090441(97)×10⁻⁴ Da	u_r(m_e) = 1.8×10⁻¹¹‍^[52]
`me/mp`	electron-to-proton mass ratio	m_e/m_p = 0.0005446170214889(94)	u_r(m_e/m_p) = 1.7×10⁻¹¹‍^[53]
`me/mmu`	electron-to-muon mass ratio	m_e/⁠m_μ = 0.00483633170(11)	u_r(m_e/⁠m_μ) = 2.2×10⁻⁸‍^[54]
`mec2`	electron mass energy equivalent	m_ec² = 8.1871057880(26)×10⁻¹⁴ J	u_r(m_ec²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[55]
`mec2_MeV`	electron mass energy equivalent in MeV	m_ec² = 0.51099895069(16) MeV	u_r(m_ec²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[56]
`mh`	helion mass	m_h = 5.0064127862(16)×10⁻²⁷ kg	u_r(m_h) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[57]
`mh_Da`	helion mass in daltons	m_h = 3.014932246932(74) Da	u_r(m_h) = 2.5×10⁻¹¹‍^[58]
`mn`	neutron mass	m_n = 1.67492750056(85)×10⁻²⁷ kg	u_r(m_n) = 5.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[59]
`mn_Da`	neutron mass in daltons	m_n = 1.00866491606(40) Da	u_r(m_n) = 4.0×10⁻¹⁰‍^[60]
`mnc2`	neutron mass energy equivalent	m_nc² = 1.50534976514(76)×10⁻¹⁰ J	u_r(m_nc²) = 5.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[61]
`mnc2_MeV`	neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV	m_nc² = 939.56542194(48) MeV	u_r(m_nc²) = 5.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[62]
`mp`	proton mass	m_p = 1.67262192595(52)×10⁻²⁷ kg	u_r(m_p) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[63]
`mp_Da`	proton mass in daltons	m_p = 1.0072764665789(83) Da	u_r(m_p) = 8.3×10⁻¹²‍^[64]
`mp/me`	proton-to-electron mass ratio	m_p/⁠m_e = 1836.152673426(32)	u_r(m_p/⁠m_e) = 1.7×10⁻¹¹‍^[65]
`mpc2`	proton mass energy equivalent	m_pc² = 1.50327761802(47)×10⁻¹⁰ J	u_r(m_pc²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[66]
`mpc2_MeV`	proton mass energy equivalent in MeV	m_pc² = 938.27208943(29) MeV	u_r(m_pc²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[67]
`mu`	atomic mass constant	m_u = 1.66053906892(52)×10⁻²⁷ kg	u_r(m_u) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[68]
`muc2`	atomic mass constant energy equivalent	m_uc² = 1.49241808768(46)×10⁻¹⁰ J	u_r(m_uc²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[69]
`muc2_MeV`	atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV	m_uc² = 931.49410372(29) MeV	u_r(m_uc²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[70]
`mW/mZ`	W-to-Z mass ratio	m_W/⁠m_Z = 0.88145(13)	u_r(m_W/⁠m_Z) = 1.5×10⁻⁴‍^[71]
`malpha`	alpha particle mass	m_α = 6.6446573450(21)×10⁻²⁷ kg	u_r(m_α) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[72]
`malpha_Da`	alpha particle mass in daltons	m_α = 4.001506179129(62) Da	u_r(m_α) = 1.6×10⁻¹¹‍^[73]
`malphac2_GeV`	alpha particle mass energy equivalent in GeV	m_αc² = 3.7273794118(11) GeV	u_r(m_αc²) = 3.0×10⁻¹⁰‍^[74]
`mmu`	muon mass	m_μ = 1.883531627(42)×10⁻²⁸ kg	u_r(m_μ) = 2.2×10⁻⁸‍^[75]
`mmu_Da`	muon mass in daltons	m_μ = 0.1134289257(22) Da	u_r(m_μ) = 2.2×10⁻⁸‍^[76]
`mmu/me`	muon-to-electron mass ratio	m_μ/⁠m_e = 206.7682827(46)	u_r(m_μ/⁠m_e) = 2.2×10⁻⁸‍^[77]
`mmuc2`	muon mass energy equivalent	m_μc² = 1.692833804(38)×10⁻¹¹ J	u_r(m_μc²) = 2.2×10⁻⁸‍^[78]
`mmuc2_MeV`	muon mass energy equivalent in MeV	m_μc² = 105.6583755(23) MeV	u_r(m_μc²) = 2.2×10⁻⁸‍^[79]
`mtau`	tau mass	m_τ = 3.16754(21)×10⁻²⁷ kg	u_r(m_τ) = 6.8×10⁻⁵‍^[80]
`mtau_Da`	tau mass in daltons	m_τ = 1.90754(13) Da	u_r(m_τ) = 6.8×10⁻⁵‍^[81]
`mtau/me`	tau-to-electron mass ratio	m_τ/⁠m_e = 3477.23(23)	u_r(m_τ/⁠m_e) = 6.8×10⁻⁵‍^[82]
`mtau/mmu`	tau-to-muon mass ratio	m_τ/⁠m_μ = 16.8170(11)	u_r(m_τ/⁠m_μ) = 6.8×10⁻⁵‍^[83]
`mtauc2`	tau mass energy equivalent	m_τc² = 2.84684(19)×10⁻¹⁰ J	u_r(m_τc²) = 6.8×10⁻⁵‍^[84]
`mtauc2_MeV`	tau mass energy equivalent in MeV	m_τc² = 1776.86(12) MeV	u_r(m_τc²) = 6.8×10⁻⁵‍^[85]
`MC12`	molar mass of carbon-12	M(¹²C) = 12.0000000126(37)×10⁻³ kg⋅mol⁻¹	u_r(M(¹²C)) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[86]
`Mu`	molar mass constant	M_u = 1.00000000105(31)×10⁻³ kg⋅mol⁻¹	u_r(M_u) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[87]
`rd`	deuteron rms charge radius	r_d = 2.12778(27)×10⁻¹⁵ m	u_r(r_d) = 1.3×10⁻⁴‍^[88]
`re`	classical electron radius	r_e = 2.8179403205(13)×10⁻¹⁵ m	u_r(r_e) = 4.7×10⁻¹⁰‍^[89]
`rp`	proton root-mean-square charge radius	r_p = 8.4075(64)×10⁻¹⁶ m	u_r(r_p) = 7.4×10⁻⁴‍^[90]
`R`	molar gas constant	R = 8.314462618... J⋅mol⁻¹⋅K⁻¹	u_r(R) = 0‍^[91]
`Rinf`	Rydberg constant	R_∞ = 10973731.568157(12) m⁻¹	u_r(R_∞) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[92]
`Rinfc`	Rydberg frequency	R_∞c = 3.2898419602500(36)×10¹⁵ Hz	u_r(R_∞c) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[93]
`Rinfhc`	Rydberg unit of energy	R_∞hc = 2.1798723611030(24)×10⁻¹⁸ J	u_r(R_∞hc) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[94]
`Rinfhc_eV`	Rydberg unit of energy in eV	R_∞hc = 13.605693122990(15) eV	u_r(R_∞hc) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[95]
`VmSi`	molar volume of silicon	V_m(Si) = 1.205883199(60)×10⁻⁵ m³⋅mol⁻¹	u_r(V_m(Si)) = 4.9×10⁻⁸‍^[96]
`gammae`	electron gyromagnetic ratio	γ_e = −1.76085962784(55)×10¹¹ s⁻¹⋅T⁻¹	u_r(γ_e) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[97]
`gammabare`	electron Larmor frequency to magnetic flux density ratio	γ_e/⁠2π = −28024.9513861(87) MHz⋅T⁻¹	u_r(γ_e/⁠2π) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[98]
`gamman`	neutron gyromagnetic ratio	γ_n = −1.83247174(43)×10⁸ s⁻¹⋅T⁻¹	u_r(γ_n) = 2.4×10⁻⁷‍^[99]
`gammabarn`	neutron Larmor frequency to magnetic flux density ratio	γ_n/⁠2π = −29.1646935(69) MHz⋅T⁻¹	u_r(γ_n/⁠2π) = 2.4×10⁻⁷‍^[100]
`gammap`	proton gyromagnetic ratio	γ_p = 2.6752218708(11)×10⁸ s⁻¹⋅T⁻¹	u_r(γ_p) = 4.3×10⁻¹⁰‍^[101]
`gammabarp`	proton Larmor frequency to magnetic flux density ratio	γ_p/⁠2π = 42.577478461(18) MHz⋅T⁻¹	u_r(γ_p/⁠2π) = 4.3×10⁻¹⁰‍^[102]
`DnuCs`	hyperfine structure transition frequency of caesium-133	Δν(¹³³Cs)_hfs = 9192631770 Hz	u_r(Δν(¹³³Cs)_hfs) = 0‍^[103]
`muB`	Bohr magneton	μ_B = 9.2740100657(29)×10⁻²⁴ J⋅T⁻¹	u_r(μ_B) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[104]
`mue`	electron magnetic moment	μ_e = −9.2847646917(29)×10⁻²⁴ J⋅T⁻¹	u_r(μ_e) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[105]
`mue/muB`	electron magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio	μ_e/⁠μ_B = −1.00115965218046(18)	u_r(μ_e/⁠μ_B) = 1.8×10⁻¹³‍^[106]
`mun`	neutron magnetic moment	μ_n = −9.6623653(23)×10⁻²⁷ J⋅T⁻¹	u_r(μ_n) = 2.4×10⁻⁷‍^[107]
`mun/muN`	neutron magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio	μ_n/⁠μ_N = −1.91304276(45)	u_r(μ_n/⁠μ_N) = 2.4×10⁻⁷‍^[108]
`muN`	nuclear magneton	μ_N = 5.0507837393(16)×10⁻²⁷ J⋅T⁻¹	u_r(μ_N) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[109]
`mup`	proton magnetic moment	μ_p = 1.41060679545(60)×10⁻²⁶ J⋅T⁻¹	u_r(μ_p) = 4.3×10⁻¹⁰‍^[110]
`mup/muB`	proton magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio	μ_p/⁠μ_B = 0.00152103220230(45)	u_r(μ_p/⁠μ_B) = 3.0×10⁻¹⁰‍^[111]
`mup/muN`	proton magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio	μ_p/⁠μ_N = 2.79284734463(82)	u_r(μ_p/⁠μ_N) = 2.9×10⁻¹⁰‍^[112]
`mumu`	muon magnetic moment	μ_μ = −4.49044830(18)×10⁻²⁶ J⋅T⁻¹	u_r(μ_μ) = 2.2×10⁻⁸‍^[113]
`sigmae`	electron Thomson cross section	σ_e = 6.6524587051(62)×10⁻²⁹ m²	u_r(σ_e) = 9.3×10⁻¹⁰‍^[114]
Conventional electrical units
`KJ90`	conventional value of Josephson constant	K_J-90 = 483597.9×10⁹ Hz⋅V⁻¹	u_r(K_J-90) = 0‍^[115]
`RK90`	conventional value of von Klitzing constant	R_K-90 = 25812.807 Ω	u_r(R_K-90) = 0‍^[116]
`A90`	conventional ampere	A₉₀ = 1.00000008887... A	u_r(A₉₀) = 0‍^[117]
`C90`	conventional coulomb	C₉₀ = 1.00000008887... C	u_r(C₉₀) = 0‍^[118]
`F90`	conventional farad	F₉₀ = 0.99999998220... F	u_r(F₉₀) = 0‍^[119]
`H90`	conventional henry	H₉₀ = 1.00000001779... H	u_r(H₉₀) = 0‍^[120]
`V90`	conventional volt	V₉₀ = 1.00000010666... V	u_r(V₉₀) = 0‍^[121]
`W90`	conventional watt	W₉₀ = 1.00000019553... W	u_r(W₉₀) = 0‍^[122]
`ohm90`	conventional ohm	Ω₉₀ = 1.00000001779... Ω	u_r(Ω₉₀) = 0‍^[123]
Atomic units
`aulen`	atomic unit of length	a₀ = 5.29177210544(82)×10⁻¹¹ m	u_r(a₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[124]
`autime`	atomic unit of time	ħ/⁠E_h = 2.4188843265864(26)×10⁻¹⁷ s	u_r(ħ/⁠E_h) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[125]
`auvel`	atomic unit of velocity	a₀E_h/ħ = 2.18769126216(34)×10⁶ m⋅s⁻¹	u_r(a₀E_h/ħ) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[126]
`aumass`	atomic unit of mass	m_e = 9.1093837139(28)×10⁻³¹ kg	u_r(m_e) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[127]
`aumom`	atomic unit of momentum	ħ/⁠a₀ = 1.99285191545(31)×10⁻²⁴ kg⋅m⋅s⁻¹	u_r(ħ/⁠a₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[128]
`auener`	atomic unit of energy	E_h = 4.3597447222060(48)×10⁻¹⁸ J	u_r(E_h) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[129]
`auforce`	atomic unit of force	E_h/⁠a₀ = 8.2387235038(13)×10⁻⁸ N	u_r(E_h/⁠a₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[130]
`auact`	atomic unit of action	ħ = 1.054571817...×10⁻³⁴ J⋅s	u_r(ħ) = 0‍^[131]
`auec`	atomic unit of electric charge	e = 1.602176634×10⁻¹⁹ C	u_r(e) = 0‍^[132]
`auedm`	atomic unit of electric dipole moment	ea₀ = 8.4783536198(13)×10⁻³⁰ C⋅m	u_r(ea₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[133]
`aueqm`	atomic unit of electric quadrupole moment	ea₀² = 4.4865515185(14)×10⁻⁴⁰ C⋅m²	u_r(ea₀²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[134]
`auecd`	atomic unit of electric charge density	e/⁠a₀³ = 1.08120238677(51)×10¹² C⋅m⁻³	u_r(e/⁠a₀³) = 0‍^[135]
`aucur`	atomic unit of electric current	eE_h/⁠ħ = 6.6236182375082(72)×10⁻³ A	u_r(eE_h/⁠ħ) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[136]
`auepot`	atomic unit of electric potential	E_h/⁠e = 27.211386245981(30) V	u_r(E_h/⁠e) = 1.1×10⁻¹²‍^[137]
`auef`	atomic unit of electric field	E_h/⁠ea₀ = 5.14220675112(80)×10¹¹ V⋅m⁻¹	u_r(E_h/⁠ea₀) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[138]
`auefg`	atomic unit of electric field gradient	E_h/⁠ea₀² = 9.7173624424(30)×10²¹ V⋅m⁻²	u_r(E_h/⁠ea₀²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[139]
`auperm`	atomic unit of permittivity	e²/a₀E_h = 1.11265005620(17)×10⁻¹⁰ F⋅m⁻¹	u_r(e²/a₀E_h) = 1.6×10⁻¹⁰‍^[140]
`auepol`	atomic unit of electric polarizability	e²a₀²/⁠E_h = 1.64877727212(51)×10⁻⁴¹ C²⋅m²⋅J⁻¹	u_r(e²a₀²/⁠E_h) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[141]
`au1hypol`	atomic unit of 1st hyperpolarizability	e³a₀³/⁠E_h² = 3.2063612996(15)×10⁻⁵³ C³⋅m³⋅J⁻²	u_r(e³a₀³/⁠E_h²) = 4.7×10⁻¹⁰‍^[142]
`au2hypol`	atomic unit of 2nd hyperpolarizability	e⁴a₀⁴/⁠E_h³ = 6.2353799735(39)×10⁻⁶⁵ C⁴⋅m⁴⋅J⁻³	u_r(e⁴a₀⁴/⁠E_h³) = 6.2×10⁻¹⁰‍^[143]
`aumfd`	atomic unit of magnetic flux density	ħ/⁠ea₀² = 2.35051757077(73)×10⁵ T	u_r(ħ/⁠ea₀²) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[144]
`aumdm`	atomic unit of magnetic dipole moment	ħe/⁠m_e = 1.85480201315(58)×10⁻²³ J⋅T⁻¹	u_r(ħe/⁠m_e) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰‍^[145]
`aumag`	atomic unit of magnetizability	e²a₀²/⁠m_e = 7.8910365794(49)×10⁻²⁹ J⋅T⁻²	u_r(e²a₀²/⁠m_e) = 6.2×10⁻¹⁰‍^[146]
Planck units
`lP`	Planck length	l_P = 1.616255(18)×10⁻³⁵ m	u_r(l_P) = 1.1×10⁻⁵‍^[147]
`tP`	Planck time	t_P = 5.391247(60)×10⁻⁴⁴ s	u_r(t_P) = 1.1×10⁻⁵‍^[148]
`mP`	Planck mass	m_P = 2.176434(24)×10⁻⁸ kg	u_r(m_P) = 1.1×10⁻⁵‍^[149]
`TP`	Planck temperature	T_P = 1.416784(16)×10³² K	u_r(T_P) = 1.1×10⁻⁵‍^[150]
Standard values
`atm`	standard atmosphere	atm = 101325 Pa	u_r(atm) = 0‍^[151]
`g0`	standard acceleration of gravity	g₀ = 9.80665 m⋅s⁻²	u_r(g₀) = 0‍^[152]

Examples

{{Physical constants|c|unit=no|after= [[metre per second|metres per second]].}}

299792458 metres per second.‍^[1]

{{Physical constants|mu0|symbol=yes}}

μ₀ = 1.25663706127(20)×10⁻⁶ N⋅A⁻²‍^[23]

{{Physical constants|G|symbol=yes}}

G = 6.67430(15)×10⁻¹¹ m³⋅kg⁻¹⋅s⁻²‍^[5]

{{Physical constants|hbar|round=2|symbol=yes}}

ħ ≈ 1.05×10⁻³⁴ J⋅s‍^[11]

The relative standard uncertainty of ''m''<sub>u</sub> is {{Physical constants|mu|runc=yes|after=.}}

The relative standard uncertainty of m_u is 3.1×10⁻¹⁰.‍^[68]

For the electron mass, {{Physical constants|me|runc=yes|symbol=yes|ref=no}}.

For the electron mass, u_r(m_e) = 3.1×10⁻¹⁰.

NIST publishes the CODATA value of the [[elementary charge]].{{Physical constants|e|ref=only}}

NIST publishes the CODATA value of the elementary charge.‍^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b "2022 CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ ^a ^b "2022 CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ ^a ^b "2022 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: inverse of conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant in eV/Hz". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ ^a ^b "2022 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant in eV s". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: characteristic impedance of vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: weak mixing angle". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ ^a ^b "2022 CODATA Value: vacuum magnetic permeability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Wien frequency displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: first radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: first radiation constant for spectral radiance". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: second radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Stefan–Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: lattice parameter of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Bohr radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment anomaly". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: helion relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neuton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: triton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron charge to mass quotient". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Hartree energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Hartree energy in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: quantum of circulation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron-proton mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron-muon mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: helion mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: helion mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ ^a ^b "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: W to Z mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau-muon mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: tau energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar mass of carbon-12". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron rms charge radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: classical electron radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton rms charge radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times c in Hz". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times hc in J". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times hc in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: molar volume of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: neutron magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: nuclear magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: muon magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Thomson cross section". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of ampere-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of coulomb-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of farad-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of henry-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of volt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of watt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of ohm-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of velocity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of momentum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of force". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of action". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric dipole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric quadrupole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of charge density". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of current". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric potential". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric field". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric field gradient". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric polarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of 1st hyperpolarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of 2nd hyperpolarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetic flux density". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetic dipole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: Planck temperature". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: standard atmosphere". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.
^ "2022 CODATA Value: standard acceleration of gravity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

The above documentation is transcluded from Template:Physical constants/doc.
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[physconst-c-1] "2022 CODATA Value: speed of light in vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-e-2] "2022 CODATA Value: elementary charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-eV-3] "2022 CODATA Value: electron volt". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-F-4] "2022 CODATA Value: Faraday constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-G-5] "2022 CODATA Value: Newtonian constant of gravitation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-G0-6] "2022 CODATA Value: conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-G0inv-7] "2022 CODATA Value: inverse of conductance quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-GF-8] "2022 CODATA Value: Fermi coupling constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-h-9] "2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-heV-10] "2022 CODATA Value: Planck constant in eV/Hz". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-hbar-11] "2022 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-hbarev-12] "2022 CODATA Value: reduced Planck constant in eV s". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-k-13] "2022 CODATA Value: Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-KJ-14] "2022 CODATA Value: Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-NA-15] "2022 CODATA Value: Avogadro constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-NAh-16] "2022 CODATA Value: molar Planck constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-RK-17] "2022 CODATA Value: von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Z0-18] "2022 CODATA Value: characteristic impedance of vacuum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-alpha-19] "2022 CODATA Value: fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-alphainv-20] "2022 CODATA Value: inverse fine-structure constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-eps0-21] "2022 CODATA Value: vacuum electric permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-sin2thW-22] "2022 CODATA Value: weak mixing angle". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mu0-23] "2022 CODATA Value: vacuum magnetic permeability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Phi0-24] "2022 CODATA Value: magnetic flux quantum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-bwien-25] "2022 CODATA Value: Wien wavelength displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-bwienf-26] "2022 CODATA Value: Wien frequency displacement law constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-c1-27] "2022 CODATA Value: first radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-c1L-28] "2022 CODATA Value: first radiation constant for spectral radiance". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-c2-29] "2022 CODATA Value: second radiation constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-sigma-30] "2022 CODATA Value: Stefan–Boltzmann constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-asil-31] "2022 CODATA Value: lattice parameter of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-a0-32] "2022 CODATA Value: Bohr radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-ae-33] "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment anomaly". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Ard-34] "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Are-35] "2022 CODATA Value: electron relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Arh-36] "2022 CODATA Value: helion relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Arn-37] "2022 CODATA Value: neuton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Arp-38] "2022 CODATA Value: proton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Art-39] "2022 CODATA Value: triton relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Aralpha-40] "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle relative atomic mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-eome-41] "2022 CODATA Value: electron charge to mass quotient". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Eh-42] "2022 CODATA Value: Hartree energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-EheV-43] "2022 CODATA Value: Hartree energy in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-ge-44] "2022 CODATA Value: electron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gn-45] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gp-46] "2022 CODATA Value: proton g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gmu-47] "2022 CODATA Value: muon g factor". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-ho2me-48] "2022 CODATA Value: quantum of circulation". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-md-49] "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mdDa-50] "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-me-51] "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-meDa-52] "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-meomp-53] "2022 CODATA Value: electron-proton mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-meommu-54] "2022 CODATA Value: electron-muon mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mec2-55] "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mec2MeV-56] "2022 CODATA Value: electron mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mh-57] "2022 CODATA Value: helion mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mhDa-58] "2022 CODATA Value: helion mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mn-59] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mnDa-60] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mnc2-61] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mnc2MeV-62] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mp-63] "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mpDa-64] "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mpome-65] "2022 CODATA Value: proton-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mpc2-66] "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mpc2MeV-67] "2022 CODATA Value: proton mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mu-68] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-muc2-69] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-muc2MeV-70] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic mass constant energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mWomZ-71] "2022 CODATA Value: W to Z mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-malpha-72] "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-malphaDa-73] "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-malphac2GeV-74] "2022 CODATA Value: alpha particle mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mmu-75] "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mmuDa-76] "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mmuome-77] "2022 CODATA Value: muon-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mmuc2-78] "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mmuc2MeV-79] "2022 CODATA Value: muon mass energy equivalent in MeV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mtau-80] "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mtauDa-81] "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass in u". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mtauome-82] "2022 CODATA Value: tau-electron mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mtauommu-83] "2022 CODATA Value: tau-muon mass ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mtauc2-84] "2022 CODATA Value: tau mass energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mtauc2MeV-85] "2022 CODATA Value: tau energy equivalent". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-MC12-86] "2022 CODATA Value: molar mass of carbon-12". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Mu-87] "2022 CODATA Value: molar mass constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-rd-88] "2022 CODATA Value: deuteron rms charge radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-re-89] "2022 CODATA Value: classical electron radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-rp-90] "2022 CODATA Value: proton rms charge radius". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-R-91] "2022 CODATA Value: molar gas constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Rinf-92] "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Rinfc-93] "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times c in Hz". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-Rinfhc-94] "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times hc in J". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-RinfhceV-95] "2022 CODATA Value: Rydberg constant times hc in eV". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-VmSi-96] "2022 CODATA Value: molar volume of silicon". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gammae-97] "2022 CODATA Value: electron gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gammabare-98] "2022 CODATA Value: electron gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gamman-99] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gammabarn-100] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gammap-101] "2022 CODATA Value: proton gyromagnetic ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-gammabarp-102] "2022 CODATA Value: proton gyromagnetic ratio in MHz/T". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-DnuCs-103] "2022 CODATA Value: hyperfine transition frequency of Cs-133". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-muB-104] "2022 CODATA Value: Bohr magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mue-105] "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-muemuB-106] "2022 CODATA Value: electron magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mun-107] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-munmuN-108] "2022 CODATA Value: neutron magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-muN-109] "2022 CODATA Value: nuclear magneton". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mup-110] "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mupmuB-111] "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment to Bohr magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mupmuN-112] "2022 CODATA Value: proton magnetic moment to nuclear magneton ratio". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mumu-113] "2022 CODATA Value: muon magnetic moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-sigmae-114] "2022 CODATA Value: Thomson cross section". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-KJ90-115] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of Josephson constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-RK90-116] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of von Klitzing constant". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-A90-117] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of ampere-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-C90-118] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of coulomb-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-F90-119] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of farad-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-H90-120] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of henry-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-V90-121] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of volt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-W90-122] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of watt-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-ohm90-123] "2022 CODATA Value: conventional value of ohm-90". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-aulen-124] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-autime-125] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auvel-126] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of velocity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-aumass-127] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-aumom-128] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of momentum". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auener-129] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of energy". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auforce-130] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of force". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auact-131] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of action". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auec-132] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of charge". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auedm-133] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric dipole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-aueqm-134] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric quadrupole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auecd-135] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of charge density". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-aucur-136] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of current". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auepot-137] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric potential". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auef-138] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric field". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auefg-139] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric field gradient". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auperm-140] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of permittivity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-auepol-141] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of electric polarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-au1hypol-142] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of 1st hyperpolarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-au2hypol-143] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of 2nd hyperpolarizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-aumfd-144] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetic flux density". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-aumdm-145] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetic dipole moment". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-aumag-146] "2022 CODATA Value: atomic unit of magnetizability". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-lP-147] "2022 CODATA Value: Planck length". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-tP-148] "2022 CODATA Value: Planck time". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-mP-149] "2022 CODATA Value: Planck mass". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-TP-150] "2022 CODATA Value: Planck temperature". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-atm-151] "2022 CODATA Value: standard atmosphere". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

[physconst-g0-152] "2022 CODATA Value: standard acceleration of gravity". The NIST Reference on Constants, Units, and Uncertainty. NIST. May 2024. Retrieved 2024-05-18.

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Usage

Arguments

Available constants

Examples

See also

References