Taita language

Taita
Taita
Native to	Kenya
Ethnicity	Taita
Native speakers	(370,000 cited 1992 – 2009 census)
Language family	Niger–Congo? Atlantic–Congo Volta-Congo Benue–Congo Bantoid Southern Bantoid Bantu Northeast Bantu Chaga–Taita Taita; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Daw'ida; Sagala; Kasigau;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	Either:; dav – Taita; tga – Sagala
Glottolog	tait1249
Guthrie code	E.74,741
ELP	Sagalla

Taita is a Bantu language spoken in the Taita Hills of Kenya. It is closely related to the Chaga languages of Kenya and Tanzania. The Saghala (Northern Sagala, Sagalla) variety is distinct enough to be considered a language separate from the Daw'ida and Kasigau dialects.^[2]

Daw'ida and Saghala contain loanwords from two different South Cushitic languages, called Taita Cushitic, which are now extinct.^[3] It is likely that the Cushitic speakers were assimilated fairly recently, since lateral obstruents in the loanwords were still pronounced as such within living memory. However, those consonants have now been replaced by Bantu sounds.^[4]

The Taveta language was mistaken for Daw'ida by Jouni Maho in his (2009) classification of Bantu languages. However, it's a distinct language, lexically and grammatically closest to Chasu (Pare).

Phonology

Daw'ida Consonants^[5]
	Labial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p b	t d	tʃ dʒ	k g
Fricative	f v	s z	ʃ	ɣ	h
Nasal	m	n	ɲ	ŋ
Approximant	β	r, l	j	w

Daw'ida Vowels ^[5]
	Front	Central	Back
High	i iː		u uː
Mid	e eː		o oː
Low		a aː

References

^ Taita at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Sagala at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
^ ^a ^b Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
^ Sommer, Gabriele (1992). "A survey of language death in Africa". In Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.). Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 392–394. ISBN 3110870606.
^ Nurse, Derek (1988). "Extinct Southern Cushitic Communities in East Africa". In Bechhaus-Gerst, Marianne; Serzisko, Fritz (eds.). Cushitic-Omotic: Papers from the International Symposium on Cushitic and Omotic Languages, Cologne, January 6-9, 1986. Buske Verlag. p. 99. ISBN 3871188905.
^ ^a ^b Kioko, Angelina; et al. (2012). "A Unified Orthography for Bantu Languages of Kenya". Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society Monographs (249).

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[e21-1] Taita at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)
Sagala at Ethnologue (21st ed., 2018)

[Guthrie-2] Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online

[Somner-3] Sommer, Gabriele (1992). "A survey of language death in Africa". In Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.). Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 392–394. ISBN 3110870606.

[Nurse88-4] Nurse, Derek (1988). "Extinct Southern Cushitic Communities in East Africa". In Bechhaus-Gerst, Marianne; Serzisko, Fritz (eds.). Cushitic-Omotic: Papers from the International Symposium on Cushitic and Omotic Languages, Cologne, January 6-9, 1986. Buske Verlag. p. 99. ISBN 3871188905.

[unifiedorthography-5] Kioko, Angelina; et al. (2012). "A Unified Orthography for Bantu Languages of Kenya". Centre for Advanced Studies of African Society Monographs (249).

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