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Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying...

Mining is the extraction of valuable geological materials and minerals from the surface of the Earth. Mining is required to obtain most materials that...

investment requirements. Surface mining and deep underground mining are the two basic methods of mining. The choice of mining method depends primarily...

Mountaintop removal mining (MTR), also known as mountaintop mining (MTM), is a form of surface mining at the summit or summit ridge of a mountain. Coal...

engineering; control theory, instrumentation surface mining; open-pit mining underground mining (soft rock) underground mining (hard rock) computing; DATAMINE, MATLAB...

biodiversity, or the contamination of soil, groundwater, and surface water by chemicals emitted from mining processes. These processes also affect the atmosphere...

Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining, is a surface mining technique that extracts rock or minerals...

extraction and haulage of coal and minerals in both underground and surface mining. The company had manufacturing facilities in Alabama, Pennsylvania,...

The Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA) is the primary federal law that regulates the environmental effects of coal mining in the...

The Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE) is a branch of the United States Department of the Interior. It is the federal agency...

earth materials removed during an excavation process. In surface mining (commonly called strip mining) for coal or other underground deposits, earth materials...

Room and pillar mining can be advantageous because it reduces the risk of surface subsidence compared to other underground mining techniques. It is...

The expansion of gold mining to ores that are not on the surface has led to more complex extraction processes such as pit mining and gold cyanidation....

birth defect rates are higher in the areas surrounding surface mining locations. Coal mining production in Appalachia declined from 1990 to 2015, but...

remediation. As part of the life cycle of a surface coal mine, completed mine areas must undergo rehabilitation. When mining ends, operators must restore the land...

Sands by surface mining. In the Athabasca sands there are very large amounts of bitumen covered by little overburden, making surface mining the most efficient...

the surface as in Canada, meaning none of it can be produced using surface mining. The Canadian deposits will almost all have to be produced by mining or...

while hydraulic mining was at its height, small-scale placer mining had largely exhausted the rich surface placers, and the mining industry turned to...

Placer mining (/ˈplæsər/) is the mining of stream bed deposits for minerals. This may be done by open-pit mining or by various surface excavating equipment...

underground mining has given up market share to surface mining.[citation needed] Underground mining hazards include suffocation, gas poisoning, roof...