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Gebran Ghassan Tueni (Arabic: جبران تويني; September 15, 1957 – December 12, 2005) was a Lebanese politician and the former editor and publisher of daily paper An Nahar, established by his grandfather, also named Gebran Tueni, in 1933.

Gebran Tueni was born in Beirut on 15 September 1957. His father was a veteran journalist and politician, Ghassan Tueni. His mother was the famous Francophone, Lebanese Druze poet, Nadia Hamadeh. His paternal grandfather was Gebran Tueni, a famous journalist and an Arab Renaissance figure who who founded Al Ahrar and later on An-Nahar Lebanese daily newspapers. Gebran Tueni was named after his grandfather. His maternal grandfather, Mohammed Ali Hamadeh, was a diplomat and writer.^[1] His uncle was the Telecommunications Minister Marwan Hamadeh.

At age 18, Gebran Tueni experienced the horror of sectarian intolerance with the outbreak of the Lebanese civil war. In 1976, he was shot in the legs by Palestinian guerrillas. He was also kidnapped for 36 hours by Christian militiamen in 1977.^[2]

Tueni received bachelor of arts degree in international relations from École des Hautes Études in 1980. At the same period, he studied journalism at Ecole Supérieure de Journalisme de Paris and graduated in 1980. He also studied management at CEDEP-INSEAD in 1992.^[3]

Tueni's journalism career started when he became the General Manager, Editor in Chief and Editorialist of the weekly magazine An-Nahar Arab and International that he and other journalists launched in Paris in 1979 and that was publihed until 1990.^[1][3] Then, he served as the General Manager of the daily paper An Nahar from 1993 to 1999 and the General Manager of the monthly magazine Noun from 1997 to 2000.^[3] He was the publisher, Chairman of the Board, General Manager and Editorialist of An Nahar beginning in 1 January 2000 until his death on 12 December 2005.^[4][3]

He came to international prominence in March 2000 when he wrote a front-page letter to Bashar al Assad, son and then-heir apparent to then-Syrian president Hafez al Assad calling for the withdrawal of Syrian troops from Lebanon^[5] under the 1990 Taif Accords that ended Lebanon's civil war.^[6] With this editorial, he broke an important press taboo.^[6] His letter was published when a summit between then-US president Bill Clinton and then-Syrian President Hafez Assad was held in Geneva.^[2] Tueni's letter led to a public objection from some newspapers and Lebanese officials. However, other writers agreed with its premises.^[6]

In March 2005, he contributed to the Cedar Revolution demonstrations during which he gave the famous speech, "In the name of God We, Muslims and Christians, Pledge that united we shall remain to the end of time to better defend our Lebanon". In May 2005, he was elected a member of Parliament of Lebanon for the Greek Orthodox seat in Beirut on an anti-Syrian slate led by Saad al-Hariri.^[7] He was a member of the political coalition Qornet Shehwan Gathering headed by Catholic Maronite bishop Youssef Bechara.

His friendship with General Michel Aoun led to his exile to Paris from 1990 to 1993.^[1] He became an active member of the World Association of Newspapers (WAN) in 1990 and WAN's advisor on Middle-Eastern affairs. He was also a member of WAN’s Fund for Press Freedom Development, created in 1994.^[1]

Tueni strongly supported the freedom of speech. He also encouraged the questioning of the Hafez Assad's regime. He regarded Bashar Assad as a "new generation" leader and had hopes that Syria would finally change its politics towards Lebanese.^[4] However, since Bashar Assad aligned himself with then-Lebanese President Emile Lahoud and Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, instead of backing Lebanon's democratic forces, he was disappointed over time.^[4] Then, he became a fierce critic of the Syrian government and its policies in Lebanon.^[6][8][9]

Tueni was assassinated by a car bomb on 12 December 2005 in Mkalles, an industrial suburb of Beirut, while he drove from his home in Beit Meri (Mount Lebanon) to his newspaper’s offices in Beirut’s Martyrs’ Square.^[1] He was buried at Saint Dimitrius church graves after the funeral that took place at Saint-George church in Beirut. Initial reports indicated that a hitherto unknown group, "Strugglers for the Unity and Freedom of al-Sham" (where al-Sham refers to ancient Greater Syria) claimed responsibility. The statement taking responsibility was faxed to Reuters and included a warning that the same fate awaited other opponents of "Arabism" in Lebanon, claiming that the assassination has succeeded in "shutting up" a traitor, and "turning An Nahar" (Arabic for Day) into Dark Night.

Several anti-Syrian Lebanese politicians have blamed Syria. However, Syrian authorities denied complicity and stated that the crime was aimed at directing fresh accusations against Syria.^[9] Commentators stressed that the explosion occurred only a few hours before the UN investigating commission was due to submit an update of its report on the Hariri assassination to then-UN Secretary General Kofi Annan.^[9] In response, Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Siniora announced that he would ask the United Nations Security Council to investigate Syrian complicity in the deaths of Tueni and other prominent anti-Syrian figures.

Before his death, Tueni was campaigning for an international probe into recently discovered mass graves in Anjar next to the main Syrian intelligence headquarters. Forensic analysis later showed the graves were part of an 18th century cemetery. In his last editorial Tueni accused Syria of committing "crimes against humanity" and blamed them for the mass graves and other atrocities committed in Lebanon during their presence. His articles and editorials in An Nahar often raised the ire of the Syrians.

Although he continued his editorials in An Nahar, he was out of Beirut shortly before the assassination. Because after Hariri assassination, he learned that he was on the top of a hit list and started taking steps, like switching cars every other day.^[4] In June 2005, his star columnist Samir Kassir was assinated. Then, he left Lebanese and stayed in Paris for a while and came back just before 12 December 2005, the day of the assassination.^[4][6]

Tens of thousands of mourners filled the streets of Beirut for Tueni's funeral on 14 December 2005. Many mourners blamed Syria for his death due to his anti-Syrian policy and they chanted anti-Syrian slogans. The members of the Lebanese parliament also observed a moment of silence during a special parliamentary session. Continuing the play on words with "An nahar" (The Day), family members stated that night would not fall on the newspaper.

Gebran Tueni was first married to Mirna Murr who bore him two daughters, Nayla and Michelle. Mirna Murr is the daughter of Michel Murr, a Lebanese politician. They later divorced. His second spouse is Siham Asseily.^[3] He has twin daughters, Gabriele and Nadia, from his second marriage, who were just a few months old when he was killed.^[7]

The World Association of Newspapers established a Gebran Tueni Award in 2006 after his death^[1] to be bestowed on "a newspaper publisher or editor in the Arab world who demonstrates the free press values" of the award's namesake.^[10]

The award has been given times as of February 2012:

• 2010: Aboubakr Jamaï, Le Journal Hebdomadaire, Morocco
• 2009: Asos Hardi, Awene, Iraqi Kurdistan
• 2008: Ibrahim Essa, Al Dustour, Egypt
• 2007: Michel Hajji Georgiou, L'Orient Le Jour, Lebanon
• 2006: Nadia Al Saqqaf, Yemen Times, Yemen

The Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and the Hariri Foundation-USA launched the Gebran G. Tueni Human Rights Fellowship Program on 21 January 2009. The Fellows were planned to undertake a major research project focusing on the areas of freedom of speech, arbitrary detention, or discrimination against minorities, displaced populations, or other vulnerable groups in one or more countries in the Middle East.^[5]

• http://www.gebrantueni.com

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