2022–2023 mpox outbreak: Difference between revisions

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→‎Cases per country and territory: Colombian one is 'suspected'. Turkish cases reported negative. https://www.dailysabah.com/life/health/zero-cases-of-monkeypox-reported-in-turkey-health-minister
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→‎Cases per country and territory: remove Afghanistan, since previously suspect cases are discarded
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This is a table of confirmed and suspected monkeypox cases outside of African countries where the virus is endemic. It does not include countries where suspected cases were reported but later discarded such as Ecuador<ref>{{cite news |title=Salud descarta caso de viruela del mono en Ecuador|url=https://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/sociedad/salud-descarta-viruela-mono-ecuador.html |work=El Comercio |date=30 May 2022|language=es}}</ref> and Costa Rica.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20220604/8316280/costa-rica-descarta-caso-viruela-mono-turista-noruega.html|title=Costa Rica descarta caso de viruela del mono en turista noruega|work=La Vanguardia|date=4 June 2022|language=es}}</ref>
This is a table of confirmed and suspected monkeypox cases outside of African countries where the virus is endemic. It does not include countries where suspected cases were reported but later discarded such as Ecuador,<ref>{{cite news |title=Salud descarta caso de viruela del mono en Ecuador|url=https://www.elcomercio.com/tendencias/sociedad/salud-descarta-viruela-mono-ecuador.html |work=El Comercio |date=30 May 2022|language=es}}</ref> Costa Rica<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.lavanguardia.com/vida/20220604/8316280/costa-rica-descarta-caso-viruela-mono-turista-noruega.html|title=Costa Rica descarta caso de viruela del mono en turista noruega|work=La Vanguardia|date=4 June 2022|language=es}}</ref> and Afghanistan.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=IEA denies reports of monkeypox in Afghanistan |url=https://www.ariananews.af/iea-denies-reports-of-monkeypox-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=Ariana News (Afghanistan)}}</ref>


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|{{dts|31 May 2022}}<ref>{{Cite news |title=ثبت دو مورد مشکوک ابتلا به آبله میمون در افغانستان|trans-title= Two suspected cases of monkeypox registered in Afghanistan |url=https://www.irna.ir/news/84770604/%D8%AB%D8%A8%D8%AA-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B4%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%A9-%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%A2%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86|work= [[Islamic Republic News Agency]] |language=fa |access-date=29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title= Afghanistan Announces 2 Earliest Monkeypox Cases|url=https://see.news/afghanistan-announces-earliest-2-monkeypox-cases/ |work= Sada Elbalad English |access-date= 29 May 2022}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-05-31 |title=IEA denies reports of monkeypox in Afghanistan |url=https://www.ariananews.af/iea-denies-reports-of-monkeypox-in-afghanistan/ |access-date=2022-06-01 |website=Ariana News (Afghanistan)}}</ref>
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Revision as of 14:16, 6 June 2022

2022 monkeypox outbreak
Spread of disease as of 2 June 2022
  Endemic West African clade
  Endemic Congo Basin (Central African) clade
  Both clades recorded
  West African clade outbreak in 2022
  Suspected cases
DiseaseHuman monkeypox
Virus strainMonkeypox virus (MPV), West African clade, 2017–2019 outbreak subclade[1]
SourceTravel from Nigeria (presumed/hypothesis)[2][3]
Location41 countries and territories (see § Cases per country and territory) (29 have confirmed cases while 12 have only suspected cases)
First outbreakLondon, England (first outside West Africa)
Date4 May 2022 – ongoing (2 years, 2 months, and 12 days)
Confirmed cases1,002
Suspected cases‡34
Deaths
0
‡Suspected cases have not been confirmed by laboratory tests as being due to this strain, although some other strains may have been ruled out.

An outbreak of the viral disease monkeypox was confirmed in May 2022,[4] beginning with a cluster of cases found in the United Kingdom, and shortly thereafter in Spain and Portugal.[5] The first recognised case was confirmed on 6 May 2022 in an individual with travel links to Nigeria (where the disease is endemic),[6] but it has been suggested that cases were already spreading in Europe in the previous months.[7] From 18 May onwards, cases were reported from an increasing number of countries and regions, predominantly in Europe, but also in North and South America, Asia, North Africa, and Australia.[8][9][10][11][12] 914 cases had been confirmed as of 4 June.[13]

The outbreak marked the first time the disease has spread widely outside Central and West Africa. The first weeks of the outbreak were characterised by a high degree of uncertainty in many ways, as the rapid increase in cases and geographic distribution were highly unusual for this disease.[14] Initial assessments by health authorities expressed the expectation of the outbreak to be contained, and of low impact to the general population in affected countries.[4][15] A more recent statement acknowledged that undetected transmission had occurred for some time[16] and called for urgent action to reduce transmission.[17][18]

Monkeypox is a viral infection that manifests a week or two after exposure with fever and other non-specific symptoms, and then produces a rash that can last for a couple of weeks before usually clearing up.[6] In infections before the current outbreak, between one and three people out of a hundred known infections have died (without treatment). Cases in children are more likely to be severe.[4]

Background

Stages of monkeypox lesion development
These paragraphs are an excerpt from Monkeypox.

Cases in endemic area

The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention has alerted several members of the African Union in May 2022 about cases of monkeypox. The director of the Africa CDC, Ahmed Ogwell, said that four African countries have reported 1405 endemic cases with 62 deaths during early 2022 to May 2022. The case fatality rate in these four African countries combined is 4.4%.[19]

In an article in The Conversation, Oyewale Tomori pointed out that the number of monkeypox infections in Nigeria through 2021 is likely to be under-reported because much of the Nigerian population has been avoiding healthcare facilities due to fear of contracting COVID-19.[20] Nigeria's surveillance of various diseases, including monkeypox, had to focus on the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, missing many cases and resulting in a drop in official statistics.[21] As British health authorities reported the first case of monkeypox in the UK in May 2022, the Nigerian government has released to the public information and statistics on reported cases and deaths in the country. In the report of 9 May 2022, the NCDC stated that 230 cases were confirmed across 20 states and the Federal Capital Territory between 2017 and 2022. Rivers State was the most affected, followed by Bayelsa and Lagos. In the span from 2017 to 2022, the NCDC reported 6 deaths in 6 different states, making for a 3.3% case fatality ratio.[22]

Outbreak characteristics

See also: Monkeypox § Epidemiology

Monkeypox is endemic to West and Central Africa.[23][24] Prior to the 2022 outbreak, the United Kingdom had recorded only seven previous cases of monkeypox,[25] all of which were imported cases from Africa or healthcare workers involved in their treatment. The first three such cases were in 2018,[25] followed by a further case in 2019[26] and three more in 2021.[27] The only major monkeypox outbreak to be recorded in a Western country prior to 2022 was the 2003 Midwest monkeypox outbreak in the United States. That one did not feature community transmission.[28][29]

This outbreak is of the West African clade, which has a reported case fatality rate of 1% according to the World Health Organization.[30] The genomic sequence of the virus associated with this outbreak was first published on 19 May by Portuguese researchers.[31] They confirmed that the monkeypox virus was of the West African clade, related to other previous international outbreaks in 2018–19.[32]

The 2022 outbreak has a different pattern of spread compared to prior monkeypox outbreaks outside Africa.[33] Given the unusually high frequency of human-to-human transmission observed in this event, and the probable community transmission without history of traveling to endemic areas, spread of the virus through close contact is more likely, with transmission during sexual activities being the most common route.[34] Most cases have been in men.[35] A significant proportion of cases, although not all, are in men who have sex with men (MSM), notably in Canada, Spain, and the UK,[35] with many cases diagnosed in sexual health clinics.[33] Cases are mostly in young and middle-aged men.[36] This points to transmission due to close contact during sex as being one route of transmission.[35] The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) considers the monkeypox virus to be moderately transmissible among humans. According to the centre, among MSM who contracted the virus, the most common means of transmission is likely through sexual activity due to intimate contact with infectious skin lesions. The ECDC rates likelihood of transmission due to close contact, including sexual contact, as "high", but, without close contact, the likelihood of transmission between individuals is considered to be low.[34] In Nature, Anne Rimoin and Raina MacIntyre speculate that the higher percentage of MSM affected is a result of coincidental introduction to the community and then sexual activity constituting "close contact" rather than the virus itself becoming sexually transmitted.[37] Monkeypox is not primarily a sexually transmitted disease.[35]

On 23 May 2022, David Heymann, an advisor for the World Health Organization, said that the likely theory of how the outbreak started is transmission during sexual intercourse of gay and bisexual men at two raves in Belgium and Spain.[38] On 25 May, The Guardian stated that many scientists suspect the disease was circulating in the UK and Europe before reaching the MSM community, possibly misdiagnosed or detected only in isolated cases; four cases were diagnosed in 2018 and 2019, all in individuals recently arrived from Nigeria.[39]

The UK Human Animal Infections and Risk Surveillance (HAIRS) group[40] warned that the virus could reach wildlife and become endemic as a result.[41][42]

Initially reported cases in the United Kingdom

Main article: 2022 monkeypox outbreak in the United Kingdom
Guy's Hospital, where the April case was hospitalised

In the beginning of May 2022, a case of monkeypox in a British resident was reported who had travelled to Lagos and Delta State in Nigeria,[43] in areas where monkeypox is considered to be an endemic disease. The person developed a rash on 29 April while in Nigeria and flew back to the United Kingdom, arriving on 4 May,[25] and presented to hospital later the same day. Monkeypox infection was immediately suspected, and the patient was hospitalised at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust[25][clarification needed] and isolated, then tested positive for the virus on 6 May.[43] Testing of patient swab samples by polymerase chain reaction revealed the outbreak to be of the West African clade of monkeypox, which is the less deadly of the two known monkeypox variants with a case fatality rate of around 1%.[43]

Extensive contact tracing of people who had been in contact with the index case both on the international flight from Nigeria to the United Kingdom and within the country following their arrival was carried out, with potential contacts advised to remain aware of the symptoms of monkeypox and immediately isolate if any were to develop within 21 days of the contact event.[43] Following this contact tracing effort, the World Health Organization (WHO) considered further transmission of the virus within the United Kingdom to be of "minimal" risk.[43] Contact tracing was extended to Scotland on 14 May according to Public Health Scotland. A "small number" of people in Scotland were ordered to self-isolate following close contact with the person initially reported to have been infected, although overall risk to the general public remained "very low".[25]

On 12 May two new cases of monkeypox were confirmed by the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), both in London,[44] living together in the same household, with no known link between either of them and either the index case or travel to endemic regions. One of the new cases was hospitalised at St Mary's Hospital, while the other case with milder symptoms was said to be self-isolating at home.[44] On 17 May, another four cases of monkeypox were confirmed by the UKHSA in three Londoners and a person in North East England who had previously travelled to London.[45]

Unusually, none of these new cases had any known contact history with the previous three confirmed cases, which suggested a kind of transmission that had not been seen before,[46] a wider community transmission of the virus in the London area. The UKHSA stated that the risk to the general public remained "very low".[45][47] Patients with active monkeypox infection were confirmed to be hospitalised at the Royal Victoria Infirmary in Newcastle upon Tyne and at the Royal Free Hospital and Guy's Hospital in London.[45]

Also on 20 May, Health Secretary of the UK Sajid Javid reported that another eleven cases had been confirmed, bringing the total in the country to twenty. UKHSA reported on 27 May that a majority of cases are in men who have sex with men.[48] Dr Susan Hopkins from the UKHSA urged watchfulness among men who have sex with men.[49] The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) advised people who have had close contact with a person infected with monkeypox to self-isolate for 21 days. Self-isolation is not mandatory.[50]

Multi-country outbreak

Main article: Timeline of the 2022 monkeypox outbreak
Chart of worldwide case numbers in the ongoing monkeypox outbreak

Further cases in multiple countries outside the endemic area were reported through the second half of May 2022. On 18 May, Portugal reported 14 cases of monkeypox.[51] In Spain, there were seven confirmed cases as of 18 May.[52] On the same day, the United States confirmed its first 2022 case of monkeypox and Canada reported 13 suspected cases.[53][54]

On 19 May, Sweden, Belgium[55][56] and Italy confirmed their first cases.[57] On 20 May, Australia,[58][59] Germany, France and the Netherlands confirmed their first cases.[60][61][62] In the remainder of May, multiple European countries[63][64][65][66] and Israel confirmed their first cases.[67][10] The United Arab Emirates[68] and Mexico also confirmed their first cases.[69]

On 23 May, Dr. Sue Hopkins, the chief medical adviser for the UK Health Security Agency, announced that 37 new monkeypox cases had been confirmed, more than doubling the total confirmed in the UK to 57 cases.[70]

Vaccination

Smallpox vaccines containing vaccinia such as Imvanex (Jynneos) can provide around 85% effectiveness against monkeypox. This protection level is calculated from studies using smallpox vaccines tested in late 1980 in Africa.[71][72][73] The UKHSA has begun using Imvanex as post-exposure prophylaxis for close contacts of known cases.[74]

On 25 May, disease experts from the NICD in South Africa said they saw no need for mass vaccination, because they believe cases will not explode as they did in the COVID-19 pandemic.[75]

In reaction to the current outbreak of monkeypox, a number of countries have stated they are buying vaccines and/or releasing vaccines from national stockpiles for use in the outbreak. In May 2022, the US,[76][77] Spain,[78] Germany[79] and the UK[80] all announced purchases of smallpox vaccine.

On 24 May, Centers for Disease Control (CDC) Deputy Director Jennifer McQuiston confirmed the United States is releasing some of their Jynneos vaccine supply from their Strategic National Stockpile for people who are "high-risk".[81][82]

Social aspects

Public health authorities aim to target resources and education to affected groups, but avoid stigma which could discourage people with symptoms or who have been exposed from seeking help.[36] LGBTQ+ rights groups have issued statements advising media to avoid stigmatising marginalised groups such as men who have sex with men.[83][84] On 22 May, UNAIDS urged communicators to avoid stigma by taking an evidence-based approach, reiterated that the disease can affect anyone and that risk is by no means limited to men who have sex with men.[85]

On 24 May, The Washington Post published an article that pointed out the lack of global attention to the disease when it only affected Africans, compared to the attention directed at it when a small number of cases started affecting Western countries.[86] Some also objected to pictures used in media coverage of mild illnesses in Europe that featured severe cases in dark-skinned Africans.[86]

Misinformation

Misinformation and conspiracy theories spread online,[87] including on Weibo.[88] In an article published by the BBC about the misinformation about the monkeypox outbreak, it noted that social media accounts and news outlets from different countries including China, Russia, Ukraine and the United States have been promoting the idea that the outbreak was caused by a lab leak or that monkeypox is being used as a bioweapon. The Institute for Strategic Dialogue stated about this as "Reviving the spread of a set of cut-and-paste... conspiracies", referring to conspiracy theories used during the COVID-19 epidemic. The BBC also made it clear that the genetic sequences of the virus as far as is known dates back to a West African strain.[89] In reports including by CNN Portugal and Newsweek, it was noted that Russian state television presenters, Evgeny Popov and Olga Skabeeva, mocked countries that had reported cases of monkeypox, furthermore, the presenters would insinuate the idea that all countries where homosexuals had contracted monkeypox were sending weapons to Ukraine.[90][91]

Responses

United Nations

  • World Health Organization (WHO): On 20 May, the WHO convened an emergency meeting of independent advisers to discuss the outbreak and assess the threat level.[92] Its European chief, Hans Kluge, expressed concern that infections could accelerate in Europe as people gather for parties and festivals over the summer.[93]

Nations

  •  Algeria: The Pasteur Institute of Algeria issued a communiqué in May 2022, in which the Institute described the origins of Monkeypox in Sub-Saharan Africa, and recommended physical distancing, as well as the use of masks in crowded or enclosed places, in addition to avoiding contact with wild animals that may possess the virus.[94]
  •  Bangladesh: On 22 May, the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) issued warnings at every port in the country to prevent the spread of monkeypox. The Directorate spokesperson Nazmul Islam said that the DGHS has asked all air, land and sea ports to be alert. Suspected cases are instructed to be sent to an infectious disease hospital and kept in isolation.[95][96]
  •  Belgium: The Risk Assessment Group (RAG) and health authorities declared that those infected with monkeypox must self-isolate for 21 days.[97]
  •  Brazil: The Brazilian Ministry of Health started monitoring the Brazilian patient in Germany, requesting more information from the German Ministry of Health. It also created groups of biologists to monitor monkeys and medical groups to monitor possible cases.[98] The Minister of Health of Brazil, Marcelo Queiroga, and his entourage are in Portugal to reach an agreement on medical exchanges in public health and bioethics. After the trip to Portugal, the minister will participate in the 75th World Health Assembly, thus having his return monitored by the proximity to Europe.[99]
  •  Canada: On May 24, the Public Health Agency of Canada stated that they were in the process of extracting Imvamune vaccines from their National Emergency Strategic Stockpile for deployment across the country, starting with the province of Quebec.[100] On May 26, Quebec announced that Imvamune vaccines would be made available to those who have been in close contact with confirmed or suspected monkeypox cases.[101]
  •  China: On June 2, China CDC issued a notice quoting WHO's document with a translation of the original "Stigmatising people because of a disease is NEVER ok. Anyone can get or pass on monkeypox, regardless of their sexuality."[102]
  •  Colombia: As of May 2022, the Colombian Ministry of Health was taking follow-up and control measures. The Director of Epidemiology and Demography of the Ministry of Health, Claudia Cuellar, informed the Colombian population about how monkeypox is spread through people, and she spoke about the clinical presentation of the virus and international health regulations.[103] Health authorities in the Department of Norte de Santander have been on alert, since the department is a border area where people pass between Colombia and Venezuela.[104]
  •  Dominican Republic: In May 2022, the Ministry of Public Health of the Dominican Republic issued a preventive epidemiological alert after monkeypox was reported in several countries.[105][106]
  •  Egypt: On May 24, 2022, the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population informed about measures to prevent new Monkeypox infections, among them, was to wash hands with soap or use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser, in addition to using personal protective equipment such as masks. In addition, the Ministry informed that veterinary quarantine procedures should be taken for animals that present the disease.[107]
  •  Fiji: The country's Centre for Disease Control and Border Health Protection Unit are monitoring the situation. The Ministry of Health has put in place infection prevention protocols at the border.[108][109]
  •  Germany: Fabian Leendertz of the Robert Koch Institute described the outbreak as an epidemic that will not last long: "The cases can be well isolated via contact tracing and there are also drugs and effective vaccines that can be used if necessary."[93]
  •  Guatemala: On May 26, 2022, the Minister of Health of Guatemala, Francisco Coma, informed that the Ministry declared an epidemiological alert on the borders of the Central American country, with the objective of detecting possible cases of Monkeypox.[110] The minister also mentioned that one of the main transmissions of Monkeypox is from injuries and body fluids as well as contact with contaminated clothing.[111]
  •  India: Union Health Minister Mansukh Mandaviya directed the National Centre for Disease Control and the ICMR to keep a close watch and monitor the situation. The Union Health Ministry has also directed airport and port health officers to be vigilant, according to official sources. They have been instructed to isolate and send samples to the National Institute of Virology of any sick passenger with a travel history to infected countries.[112]
  •  Indonesia: When cases of monkeypox were reported in Australia in May 2022, they triggered the alert of health authorities in Indonesia. Mohammad Syahril, ministry spokesperson, urged medical personnel and the country's population to be alert and aware of the symptoms of the disease.[113]
  •  Ireland: The Health Service Executive (HSE) has set up a multidisciplinary incident management team to prepare for the possible arrival of monkeypox, and infectious diseases experts are on alert for patients with symptoms of the virus.[114]
  •  Kosovo: On 23 May, the Ministry of Health and the National Public Health Institute, have drafted a document of recommendations and measures to help prevent the spread of the disease. In a press statement, healthcare authorities have declared that the situation is being closely monitored.[115]
  •  Luxembourg: On 21 May, the Ministry of Health said that they are monitoring the situation with its Europe.[116] he National Infectious Diseases Department of the HLC and refrain from close contact activities until the infection has resolved.[117]
  •  Nigeria: The director general of the NCDC, Ifedayo Adetifa, advised the Nigerian population to avoid eating bush meat to prevent new Monkeypox infections, in addition to storing food properly to avoid being contaminated by rodents, as Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis.[118]
  •  Malaysia: On May 27, 2022, the Malaysian Ministry of Health reactivated the MySejahtera app to provide information and surveillance on monkeypox.[119]
  •  Mexico: In May 2022, Mexican health authorities have posted notices in clinics and hospitals for the purpose of identifying suspected cases in the country. In addition, the Ministry of Health has issued an epidemiological alert on May 26, 2022.[120]
  •  Morocco: In May 2022, several regional directors of the Moroccan Ministry of Health are coordinating a surveillance system for Monkeypox with the Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease Control in order to prevent cases of Monkeypox from European countries from spreading to Morocco, according to the Al Akhbar [ar] newspaper.[121] Due to the "Marhaba 2022" operation, an operation that aims to facilitate the travel of Moroccans living abroad by sea when they travel during the summer period,[122] sanitary measures have already been put in place.[123]
  •  Philippines: Health Secretary Francisco Duque III said that the Philippines was intensifying its border control measures amid the threat of the monkeypox virus.[124] The health department stated it is exploring potential sources of monkeypox vaccines and antivirals.[125][126]
  •  Saudi Arabia: On May 21, the Saudi Ministry of Health stated that they are ready to monitor and investigate cases of monkeypox, if any occurs. They added that it also has an integrated preventive plan to deal with such cases if they appear, including identifying suspected and confirmed cases.[127]
  •  South Africa: On May 26, 2022, the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) gave a communiqué on how the virus is transmitted, and the institute stated that the 2022 outbreak is the largest outbreak of Monkeypox outside of endemic regions. In addition, the NICD affirmed that the virus mainly spreads in tropical forest areas in West and Central Africa.[128]
  •  Thailand: On 24 May 2022, the Department of Disease Control (DDC) started screening all overseas passengers from Central African countries and other outbreak countries at international airports.[129] On 26 May 2022, the DDC set up an emergency operations center to monitor the outbreak situation and plan for a possible outbreak in the kingdom.[130] Anutin Charnvirakul, Minister of Public Health, said that the government is seeking a smallpox vaccine from the WHO to bolster the public's immunity in case of a viral outbreak.[131] On 30 May 2022, The local news reported the first case of monkeypox in the country.[132] The patient was a passenger who was transiting from Europe to Australia via Bangkok. However, the patient's symptoms developed and were diagnosed in Australia. There have been no local cases discovered as of yet.[133]
  •  United Kingdom: On 22 May, Education Secretary Nadhim Zahawi said "we're taking it very, very seriously" and that the UK government had already started purchasing smallpox vaccines.[134] The Terrence Higgins Trust and British Association for Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) expressed concern about the impact on sexual health services in the United Kingdom.[135][136]
  •  United States: On 22 May, President Joe Biden commented "they haven't told me the level of exposure yet but it is something that everybody should be concerned about". National security advisor Jake Sullivan told reporters the US has a vaccine that is relevant to treating monkeypox.[137] On 25 May, the CDC issued an alert for gay and bisexual men to be especially vigilant.[138][139] In addition, the CDC placed its monkeypox travel alert at "Level 2", following reports of cases in Australia and several countries in Europe.[140]
  •  Vietnam: On May 24, 2022, Vietnam's Ministry of Health asked border localities to increase surveillance to detect possible cases of monkeypox.[141]

Dependent territories

  • Gibraltar: On 31 May, a Strategic Coordination Group met to discuss Gibraltar’s state of preparedness in the eventuality that a case of Monkeypox was confirmed in the territory amid the rapid rise of cases in the United Kingdom and Spain.[142]

Cases per country and territory

This is a table of confirmed and suspected monkeypox cases outside of African countries where the virus is endemic. It does not include countries where suspected cases were reported but later discarded such as Ecuador,[143] Costa Rica[144] and Afghanistan.[145]

Cases per country and territory (outside of endemic African countries)
Country Confirmed Suspected Total Last update First confirmed case
 Argentina 2 — 2 27 May 2022[146] 27 May 2022[147]
 Australia 6 1 7 4 June 2022[148] 20 May 2022[27]
 Austria 1 — 1 30 May 2022[149] 22 May 2022[63]
 Belgium 17 — 17 3 June 2022[150] 19 May 2022[56]
 Bolivia — 3 3 3 June 2022[151] —
 Brazil — 6 6 4 June 2022[152] —
 Canada 80 7 87 3 June 2022[153][154][155][156] 19 May 2022[157]
 Colombia — 1 1 5 June 2022[158] 5 June 2022[159]
 Cayman Islands[a] — 1 1 2 June 2022[160] —
 Czech Republic 6 — 6 1 June 2022[161] 24 May 2022[66]
 Denmark 3 — 3 3 June 2022[162] 23 May 2022[65][163]
 Finland 2 — 2 2 June 2022[164] 27 May 2022[165][166]
 France 51 — 51 3 June 2022[167] 20 May 2022[61]
 Germany 65 — 65 3 June 2022[168] 20 May 2022[60]
 Gibraltar[a] 1 — 1 1 June 2022[169] 1 June 2022[169]
 Haiti — 1 1 1 June 2022[170] —
 Hungary 1 — 1 31 May 2022[171] 31 May 2022[171]
 India — 1 1 4 June 2022[172] —
 Ireland 6 — 6 2 June 2022[173] 27 May 2022[174]
 Israel 2 — 2 28 May 2022[175] 21 May 2022[10]
 Italy 22 — 22 3 June 2022[176][177][178] 19 May 2022[179]
 Kosovo — 1 1 4 June 2022[180] —
 Latvia 1 — 1 3 June 2022[181] 3 June 2022[181]
 Malta 1 — 1 28 May 2022[182] 28 May 2022[183]
 Mauritius — 3 3 2 June 2022[184] —
 Mexico 1 — 1 28 May 2022[185] 28 May 2022[185]
 Morocco 1 — 1 2 June 2022[186] 2 June 2022[12]
 Netherlands 40 — 40 2 June 2022[187] 20 May 2022[62]
 Norway 2 — 2 1 June 2022[188] 31 May 2022[189]
 Paraguay — 1 1 1 June 2022[190] —
 Portugal 153 — 153 6 June 2022[191] 18 May 2022[51]
 Slovenia 3 — 3 2 June 2022[192] 24 May 2022[193][194]
 Spain 186 — 186 3 June 2022[195] 18 May 2022[196]
 Sweden 5 — 5 2 June 2022[197] 19 May 2022[198][199]
 Switzerland 8 — 8 3 June 2022[200] 21 May 2022[67][201]
 United Arab Emirates 8 — 8 1 June 2022[202] 24 May 2022[9][203]
 United Kingdom 302 — 302 6 June 2022[204] -
 United States 25 — 25 3 June 2022[206] 18 May 2022[207][208]
 Uruguay — 4 4 2 June 2022[209] —
 Total 1,001 32 1,033 —
  1. ^ a b British Overseas Territory.

Timeline of first confirmed cases by country or territory

First confirmed monkeypox cases by country or territory
Date Countries / Territories
6 May 2022 United Kingdom
18 May 2022  Spain •  Portugal • United States
19 May 2022  Belgium •  Canada •  Italy •  Sweden
20 May 2022  Australia •  France •  Germany •  Netherlands
21 May 2022  Israel •  Switzerland
22 May 2022  Austria
23 May 2022  Denmark
24 May 2022  Czech Republic •  Slovenia •  United Arab Emirates
27 May 2022  Argentina •  Finland •  Ireland
28 May 2022  Malta •  Mexico
31 May 2022  Hungary •  Norway
1 June 2022  Gibraltar[a]
2 June 2022  Morocco
3 June 2022  Latvia
  1. ^ British Overseas Territory.

Timeline of first suspected cases by country or territory

Timeline of suspected monkeypox cases by country or territory
Date Countries / Territories
20 May 2022  Greece (discarded on 22 May)
23 May 2022  Morocco (discarded on 25 May)
25 May 2022  Bolivia
27 May 2022  Iran (discarded on 4 June) •  Ecuador (discarded on 30 May)
29 May 2022  Afghanistan
30 May 2022  Peru (discarded on 2 June)
31 May 2022  Brazil
1 June 2022  Costa Rica (discarded on 4 June) •  Paraguay •  Haiti
2 June 2022  Uruguay •  Cayman Islands[a] •  Mauritius
4 June 2022  India •  Kosovo •  Turkey (discarded on 5 June)
5 June 2022  Colombia
  1. ^ British Overseas Territory.

See also

References

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External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2022–2023_mpox_outbreak&oldid=1091807010"