Sinchi Roca
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| Sinchi Roca | |
|---|---|
 Emperor Sinchi Roca | |
| Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco | |
| Reign | c. 1230 – c. 1260 |
| Predecessor | Manco Cápac |
| Successor | Lloque Yupanqui |
| Born | c. 1230 Tampuquiro, Cusco, Inca Empire, modern-day Peru |
| Died | c. 1260 (aged c. 30) Cusco, Inca Empire, modern-day Peru |
| Spouse | Mama Cura (sister) |
| Issue | Lloque Yupanqui |
| Quechua | Sinchi Ruq'a |
| Dynasty | Hurin |
| Father | Manco Cápac |
| Mother | Mama Ocllo |
Sinchi Roca (c. 1230 – c. 1260), also known as Sinchi Rocca, Cinchi Roca (in Hispanicized spellings), Sinchi Ruq'a and Sinchi Ruq'a Inka (Quechua for "valorous generous Inca"), was the second Sapa Inca of the Kingdom of Cusco and a member of the Hurin dynasty (first dynasty).[1]
Family
Sinchi Roca is said to have been the son of two of the original Inca siblings, Manco Capac and Mama Ocllo; they may have conceived in Huaynacancha. He was Manco Capac's successor and continued his rule after his father's death.[2]
He was the father of Lloque Yupanqui.[3] His wife was Mama Cura of the Sanu lineage; she was the daughter of Sitic-huaman. They had a son named Sapaca. Manco Capac, Mama Huaco, Sinchi Rocca, and Manco Sapaca erected the House of the Sun.[4]: 35–36, 40
Reign
The Kingdom of Cuzco later became Tahuantinsuyu (the Inca empire) under the rule of Pachacuti. In one of the Inca foundation myths, Sinchi Roca led his family to the valley of Cuzco.
He is thought to have divided his land into territories and initiated the first census of the Inca population. He also ordered all the members of the Inca people to pierce their ears as a sign of nobility.
The 16th century Spanish writers, including Cabello de Balboa,[a] also affirm that Sinchi Roca would have been the first Inca to use Mascapaicha,[6] or Maskaypacha (Quechua: transl. Mask'ay seek; Pacha land, world, or space-time), which would become a sign of Inca sovereignty. Among the Incas, the imperial crown was composed of several elementsː the mascapaicha, considered to be the most important, was a fringe of red wool,[7] ordered on the forehead because each of its strands "passed through a small tube of gold".[8] Above this fringe were two or three black and white feathers of the Korekenke, also known as an Andean mountain caracara, which was considered to be sacred. This fringe and feathers were secured on the forehead by a turban or headband known as the llautu or llauto, consisting of a multicoloured braid "of extremely fine vicuña wool" wrapped several times around the head. The mascapaicha was the mark of absolute imperial power, to the point that "to take" or "to gird the mascapaicha" or "to claim the scarlet fringe" was used to signify the coming of the new emperor, or Sapa Inca, during a ceremony where he received it from the hands of the Willaq Umu, the high priest or pontiff of the Inca religion.
According to legend, during the reign of Sinchi Roca, a llamamichi (transl. llama shepherd) entered his house and took a young woman whom he loved. The Inca then had him captured and tortured him until he provided a reason for committing the crime; the young woman, not wanting to see the villager tortured anymore, revealed that she had fallen in love with the llamamichi as soon as he saw him wearing a wacanqui (amulet of love) and the shepherd confessed that he had received such an object from a demon in a cave.[9]
Building program
The chronicler Pedro Cieza de León states that Sinchi Roca built terraces and imported large quantities of soil in order to improve the fertility of the valley.[10]
Sinchi came to be used as the title for a warlord,[11] while Cápac, one of his father's names, became the title for a sovereign.
Notes
References
- ^ The Ceque System of Cuzco translated by Eva M. Hooykaas
- ^ Bauer, Brian S. (1991). "Pacariqtambo and The Mythical Origins of The Inca". Latin American Antiquity. 2 (1): 19. doi:10.2307/971893. JSTOR 971893.
- ^ The Incas: the royal commentaries of the Inca, Garcilaso de la Vega
- ^ de Gamboa, P.S., 2015, History of the Incas, Lexington, ISBN 9781463688653
- ^ Rostworowski, María (12 September 2014). Le grand Inca ː Pachacútec Inca Yupanqui. Tallandier. ISBN 9791021002517. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
{{cite book}}:|website=ignored (help) - ^ "THE EMPIRE OF THE INCAS IN PERU, section ː LIST OF EMPERORS - INCAS". archive.wikiwix.com. Archived from the original on 2020-08-03. Retrieved 2019-08-21.
- ^ Carmen Bernand, Les Incas, peuple du soleil, Gallimard, coll. « Découvertes », 24 novembre 1988 (ISBN 2070359816 et 978-2070359813), p.25
- ^ Alfred Métraux, Les Incas, Éditions du Seuil, coll. « Points Histoire n° H66 », 1961 et 1983 (ISBN 2020064731 et 978-2020064736), p. 71
- ^ Millones, Luis; León, Laura (2003). Luis Millones e Laura León (2003). «Hechizos de amor: Poder y magia en el norte del Perú (PDF). Senri Ethnological Reports, nº 43, pp. 149-177. p. 150.
- ^ The second part of the Chronicle of Peru by Pedro de Cieza de León. Printed for the Hakluyt Society.
- ^ McEwan, Gordon Francis (2006). The Incas: New Perspectives. ABC-CLIO. p. 220. ISBN 9781851095742.
SINCHE: (also spelled sinchi) Quechua term for the elective office of a community war leader held temporarily in times of emergency.