Search results

equation called the Proca equation. The Proca action and equation are named after Romanian physicist Alexandru Proca. The Proca equation is involved...

point Lagrangian relaxation Lagrangian submanifold Lagrangian subspace Nonlocal Lagrangian Proca lagrangian Special Lagrangian submanifold Euler–Lagrange...

In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian, and hence the dynamics of the system itself, do not change under local transformations...

1918. The action of a physical system is the integral over time of a Lagrangian function, from which the system's behavior can be determined by the principle...

Alexandru Proca (16 October 1897 – 13 December 1955) was a Romanian physicist who studied and worked in France. He developed the vector meson theory of...

is more edifying in its current form. Another example we will use is the Proca action. The fields are A μ = ( A → , ϕ ) {\displaystyle A^{\mu }=({\vec...

particular, it can describe systems where the equations of motion or the Lagrangian obey symmetries, but the lowest-energy vacuum solutions do not exhibit...

{\displaystyle \Lambda } is the cosmological constant. We introduce the Maxwell-Proca Lagrangian for the STVG covector field ϕ α {\displaystyle \phi _{\alpha }} : L...

known as the pion, associated with this field. Consider the spin-1 Proca Lagrangian with a disturbance: 30–31  L [ φ ( x ) ] = − 1 4 F μ ν F μ ν + 1 2...

recovered within the MHV Lagrangian framework via evasions of the S-matrix equivalence theorem. An alternative approach to the MHV Lagrangian recovers the missing...

the Lagrangian, a function of fields associated with the particle. Interactions between particles are described by interaction terms in the Lagrangian involving...

theorem Wightman Axioms Equations Dirac equation Klein–Gordon equation Proca equations Wheeler–DeWitt equation Bargmann–Wigner equations Schwinger-Dyson...

magnet and conductor problem Inhomogeneous electromagnetic wave equation Proca action Quantum electrodynamics Relativistic electromagnetism Stueckelberg...

Quartic interaction Relativistic wave equations Dirac equation (spin 1/2) Proca action (spin 1) Rarita–Schwinger equation (spin 3/2) Scalar field theory...

(the Feynman rules, below) for any given diagram from a field theory Lagrangian. Each internal line corresponds to a factor of the virtual particle's...

advantage is that it is in practice easier to guess the correct form of the Lagrangian of a theory, which naturally enters the path integrals (for interactions...

roots" of the Klein–Gordon operator. The equations are obtained from the Lagrangian densities L = i ψ R † σ μ ∂ μ ψ R   , {\displaystyle {\mathcal {L}}=i\psi...

nonlinear σ-model. Gauge-fixing ϕ = 0 {\displaystyle \phi =0} , yields the Proca action. This explains why, unlike the case for non-abelian vector fields...

the Klein–Gordon equation. The weak interaction fields Z, W± satisfy the Proca equation. These equations can be solved exactly. One usually does so by...

a model in (1 + 1) space-time dimensions and is characterized by the Lagrangian density L = ψ ¯ ( i ∂ / − m ) ψ − g 2 ( ψ ¯ γ μ ψ ) ( ψ ¯ γ μ ψ ) , {\displaystyle...