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In physics and mathematics, the phase (symbol φ or ϕ) of a wave or other periodic function F {\displaystyle F} of some real variable t {\displaystyle t}...

In astronomy, a phase curve describes the brightness of a reflecting body as a function of its phase angle (the arc subtended by the observer and the Sun...

modulation transfer function (MTF), neglects phase effects, but is equivalent to the OTF in many situations. Either transfer function specifies the response...

Henyey-Greenstein scattering function". Archived from the original on 2014-11-02. "The Henyey-Greenstein phase function" (PDF). Henyey, L. C.; Greenstein...

is divided into three phases of digestion known as the cephalic phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. These phases overlap and all three...

is said to be minimum-phase if the system and its inverse are causal and stable. The most general causal LTI transfer function can be uniquely factored...

(trajectories) on the phase diagram. A plot of position and momentum variables as a function of time is sometimes called a phase plot or a phase diagram. However...

engineering, a phasor (a portmanteau of phase vector) is a complex number representing a sinusoidal function whose amplitude (A), and initial phase (θ) are time-invariant...

phase spectral density, phase spectrum, or spectral phase. Less commonly, the two parts may be the real and imaginary parts of the transfer function....

In signal processing, linear phase is a property of a filter where the phase response of the filter is a linear function of frequency. The result is that...

A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is fixed relative to the phase of an input...

time-varying functions. The instantaneous phase (also known as local phase or simply phase) of a complex-valued function s(t), is the real-valued function: φ (...

product of two sinc functions vs. an Airy function, respectively. Conventions: w 0 ( x ) {\displaystyle w_{0}(x)} is a zero-phase function (symmetrical about...

Fourier analysis decomposes general functions into a sum of sine waves of various frequencies, relative phases, and magnitudes. When any two sine waves...

and/or phase response. The amplitude response is the ratio of output amplitude to input, usually a function of the frequency. Similarly, phase response...

when x is a linear function of some variable, such as time, these components are sinusoids, and they are orthogonal functions. A phase-shift of x → x +...

contrast transfer function (CTF) sets the resolution of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), also known as phase contrast TEM. By...

to the binary cross-entropy loss. The Henyey–Greenstein phase function The Mie phase function The von Mises distribution The wrapped normal distribution...

Theory, Entropy is a concave function. In the case of thermodynamic entropy, without phase transition, entropy as a function of extensive variables is strictly...

phase shift where the magnitude of the loop transfer function is 0 dB. It is the additional phase shift that can be tolerated, with no gain change, while...