List of endemic plants of Crete
Appearance
Crete and adjacent islands (Karpathos, Kasos, Saria, and smaller islets) are home to several dozen endemic species and subspecies of plants, together with two endemic genera, Horstrissea and Petromarula.[1]
The World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions treats Crete and associated islands as a separate botanical country from Greece and the East Aegean Islands, although all three are politically part of the same country.
Plants are listed alphabetically by plant family.
Amaryllidaceae
- Allium bourgeaui subsp. creticum Bothmer
- Allium circinnatum subsp. circinnatum
- Allium dilatatum Zahar.
- Allium platakisii Tzanoud. & Kypr.
- Allium tardans Greuter & Zahar.
- Sternbergia lutea subsp. greuteriana (Kamari & R.Artelari) Strid
Apiaceae
- Bupleurum gaudianum Snogerup
- Bupleurum kakiskalae Greuter
- Chaerophyllum creticum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Chrysophae cretica Koso-Pol.
- Eryngium ternatum Poir.
- Ferula thyrsiflora Sm.
- Ferulago thyrsiflora (Sm.) W.D.J.Koch
- Geocaryum creticum (Boiss. & Heldr.) Engstrand
- Horstrissea Greuter – endemic genus
- Horstrissea dolinicola Greuter, Gerstb. & Egli
Apocynaceae
- Vincetoxicum creticum Browicz
Araceae
- Arum idaeum Coustur. & Gand.
- Arum purpureospathum P.C.Boyce
- Biarum davisii Turrill
- Biarum tenuifolium subsp. idomenaeum P.C.Boyce & Athanasiou
Aristolochiaceae
- Aristolochia cretica Lam.
- Bellevalia brevipedicellata Turrill
- Bellevalia juliana Bareka, Turland & Kamari
- Bellevalia sitiaca Kypriotakis & Tzanoud.
Asparagaceae
- Muscari spreitzenhoferi (Heldr.) Vierh.
- Ornithogalum creticum Zahar.
- Ornithogalum insulare Kypr.
- Prospero battagliae Speta
- Prospero depressum Speta
- Prospero hierapytnense Speta
- Prospero idaeum Speta
- Prospero minimum Speta
- Prospero rhadamanthi Speta
- Prospero talosii (Tzanoud. & Kypr.) Speta
- Scilla cretica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Speta
- Scilla cydonia Speta
- Scilla nana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Speta
Aspleniaceae
- Asplenium creticum Lovis
- Asplenium × khaniense Brownsey & Jermy (A. creticum × A. trichomanes subsp. quadrivalens)
Asteraceae
- Anthemis abrotanifolia (Willd.) Guss.
- Anthemis abrotanifolia f. abrotanifolia
- Anthemis abrotanifolia f. ligulata Greuter, Matthäs & Risse
- Anthemis ammanthus subsp. paleacea Greuter – Kárpathos (incl. Saria I.)
- Anthemis chia f. inornata Greuter, Matthäs & Risse
- Anthemis filicaulis (Boiss. & Heldr.) Greuter
- Anthemis glaberrima (Rech.f.) Greuter
- Anthemis pasiphaes Goula & Constantin
- Anthemis rigida subsp. antri-neptuni Goula & Constantin
- Anthemis samariensis Turland
- Anthemis tomentella Greuter
- Bellis longifolia Boiss. & Heldr
- Carlina barnebiana B.L.Burtt & P.H.Davis
- Carlina curetum subsp. curetum
- Carlina diae (Rech.f.) Meusel & A.Kástner
- Carlina sitiensis Rech.f.
- Carthamus rechingeri P.H.Davis – Kárpathos
- Centaurea argentea subsp. chionantha (Turland & L.Chilton) Greuter
- Centaurea argentea subsp. macrothysana (Rech.f.) Turland & L.Chilton
- Centaurea baldaccii Degen
- Centaurea idaea Boiss. & Heldr
- Centaurea lancifolia Sieber ex Spreng.
- Centaurea poculatoris Greuter
- Centaurea redempta subsp. redempta
- Crepis auriculifolia Sieber
- Crepis bellidifolia Noë ex Nyman
- Crepis fraasii subsp. mungieri (Boiss. & Heldr.) P.D.Sell
- Crepis neglecta subsp. cretica (Boiss.) Vierh.
- Crepis sibthorpiana Boiss. & Heldr.
- Crepis tybakiensis Vierh.
- Crepis tybakiensis var. flexiscapa (Rech.f.) Greuter
- Crepis tybakiensis var. tybakiensis
- Filago wagenitziana Bergmeier
- Helichrysum doerfleri Rech.f.
- Helichrysum heldreichii Boiss.
- Hieracium schmidtii subsp. creticum (Zahn) Greuter
- Hypochaeris tenuiflora (Boiss.) Boiss.
- Lactuca alpestris (Gand.) Rech.f.
- Lophiolepis morinifolia (Boiss. & Heldr.) Del Guacchio, Bureš, Iamonico & P.Caputo
- Onopordum bracteatum subsp. creticum Franco
- Phagnalon pygmaeum (Sieber) Greuter
- Pseudopodospermum idaeum (Gand.) Zaika
- Ptilostemon chamaepeuce var. elegans Greuter
- Senecio fruticulosus Sm.
- Staehelina petiolata (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
- Tragopogon lassithicus Rech.f.
Boraginaceae
- Alkanna sieberi A.DC.
- Cynoglossum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Myosotis solange Greuter & Zaffran
Brassicaceae
- Alyssum idaeum Boiss. & Heldr
- Alyssum lassiticum Halácsy
- Alyssum sphacioticum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Arabis cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Draba cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Erysimum candicum Snogerup
- Erysimum creticum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Erysimum mutabile Boiss. & Heldr.
- Erysimum raulinii Boiss.
- Noccaea cretica (Degen & Jáv.) F.K.Mey.
- Noccaea zaffranii F.K.Mey.
- Odontarrhena baldaccii (Vierh. ex Nyár.) Španiel
- Odontarrhena fragillima (Bald.) Španiel
- Ricotia cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
- Ricotia isatoides (Barbey) B.L.Burtt
Campanulaceae
- Campanula aizoides Zaffran
- Campanula carpatha Halácsy – Kárpathos, Kasos, Saria.
- Campanula cretica (A.DC.) D.Dietr.
- Campanula creutzburgii Greuter
- Campanula dimitrii Strid – Kárpathos
- Campanula hierapetrae Rech.f.
- Campanula jacquinii (Sieber) A.DC.
- Campanula pelviformis Lam.
- Campanula pinatzii Greuter & Phitos
- Campanula saxatilis subsp. saxatilis
- Campanula spatulata subsp. filicaulis (Halácsy) Phitos
- Campanula tubulosa Lam.
- Petromarula Vent. ex R.Hedw.
- Petromarula pinnata (L.) A.DC.
Caprifoliaceae
- Lomelosia albocincta (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia minoana (P.H.Davis) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia minoana subsp. asterusica (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia minoana subsp. minoana
- Lomelosia sphaciotica (Roem. & Schult.) Greuter & Burdet
- Lomelosia sphaciotica subsp. decalvans (Halácsy) Bergmeier
- Lomelosia sphaciotica subsp. sphaciotica
- Valeriana sieberi (Heldr.) Christenh. & Byng
Caryophyllaceae
- Bolanthus creutzburgii Greuter
- Bufonia stricta subsp. cecconiana (Bald.) Rech.f.
- Cerastium brachypetalum subsp. doerfleri (Halácsy ex Hayek) P.D.Sell & Whitehead
- Cerastium deschatresii Greuter
- Cerastium scaposum Boiss. & Heldr.
- Cerastium scaposum subsp. peninsularum Greuter, N.Böhling & Ralf Jahn
- Cerastium scaposum subsp. scaposum
- Cherleria wettsteinii (Mattf.) A.J.Moore & Dillenb.
- Dianthus candicus (P.W.Ball & Heywood) Madhani & Heubl
- Dianthus fruticosus subsp. carpathus Runemark
- Dianthus fruticosus subsp. creticus (Tausch) Runemark
- Dianthus fruticosus subsp. sitiacus Runemark
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. aciphyllus (Sieber ex Ser.) Turland
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. bauhinorum (Greuter) Turland
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. heldreichii Greuter
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. idaeus Turland
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. kavusicus Turland
- Dianthus juniperinus subsp. pulviniformis (Greuter) Turland
- Dianthus sphacioticus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Dianthus xylorrhizus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Petrorhagia dianthoides (Sm.) P.W.Ball & Heywood
- Silene ammophila Boiss. & Heldr.
- Silene ammophila subsp. ammophila
- Silene ammophila subsp. carpathae Chowdhuri – Kárpathos
- Silene antri-jovis Greuter & Burdet
- Silene flavescens subsp. dictaea (Rech.f.) Greuter
- Silene insularis Barbey – Kárpathos
- Silene integripetala subsp. greuteri (Phitos) Akeroyd
- Silene pinetorum Boiss. & Heldr
- Silene pinetorum subsp. pinetorum
- Silene pinetorum subsp. sphaciotica Oxelman & Greuter
- Silene sieberi Fenzl
- Silene variegata (Desf.) Boiss. & Heldr
- Telephium imperati subsp. pauciflorum (Greuter) Greuter & Burdet
Colchicaceae
- Colchicum cretense Greuter
Convolvulaceae
- Convolvulus argyrothamnos Greuter
- Cuscuta atrans Feinbrun
Crassulaceae
- Sedum creticum subsp. creticum – Crete and Kárpathos
- Sedum eriocarpum subsp. spathulifolium 't Hart
- Sedum litoreum var. creticum 't Hart
- Sedum praesidis Runemark & Greuter
Cyperaceae
- Carex idaea Greuter, Matthäs & Risse
Euphorbiaceae
- Euphorbia myrsinites subsp. rechingeri (Greuter) Aldén
- Euphorbia sultan-hassei Strid, B.Bentzer, Bothmer, Engstrand & M.A.Gust.
Fabaceae
- Astragalus angustifolius subsp. echinoides (L'Hér.) Brullo, Giusso & Musarella
- Astragalus creticus Lam.
- Astragalus dolinicola (Brullo & Giusso) Brullo & Giusso
- Astragalus idaeus Bunge
- Astragalus nummularius subsp. nummularius
- Coronilla globosa Lam.
- Ebenus cretica L.
- Lathyrus neurolobus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Medicago arborea subsp. strasseri (Greuter, Matthäs & Risse) Sobr.-Vesp. & Ceresuela
- Onobrychis sphaciotica Greuter
- Ononis verae Širj.
- Trifolium phitosianum N.Böhling, Greuter & Raus
Hypericaceae
- Hypericum aciferum (Greuter) N.Robson
- Hypericum amblycalyx Coustur. & Gand.
- Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. oliganthum (Rech.f.) I.Hagemanm
- Hypericum empetrifolium subsp. tortuosum (Rech.f.) I.Hagemann
- Hypericum jovis Greuter
- Hypericum kelleri Bald.
- Hypericum trichocaulon Boiss. & Heldr.
Iridaceae
- Crocus oreocreticus B.L.Burtt
- Crocus pumilus (Rukšāns) Rukšāns
- Crocus ruksansii Zubov
- Crocus sieberi J.Gay
Lamiaceae
- Clinopodium creticum (L.) Kuntze
- Micromeria carpatha Rech.f. – Kárpathos
- Micromeria hispida Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth.
- Micromeria sphaciotica Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. – Kárpathos
- Nepeta sphaciotica P.H.Davis
- Origanum dictamnus L.
- Origanum × karpathicum Dirmenci, C.Catt. & Dimarchou (O. onites × O. vetteri) – Kárpathos
- Origanum microphyllum (Benth.) Vogel
- Origanum × minoanum P.H.Davis (O. microphyllum × O. vulgare subsp. hirtum)
- Origanum vetteri Briq. & Barbey
- Phlomis × commixta Rech.f., Denkschr
- Phlomis lanata Willd.
- Phlomis pichleri Vierh.
- Phlomis × sieberi Vierh.
- Phlomis × vierhapperi Rech.f.
- Prunella cretensis Gand.
- Scutellaria hirta Sm.
- Scutellaria sieberi Benth.
- Sideritis syriaca subsp. syriaca
- Stachys mucronata Sieber ex Spreng.
- Teucrium alpestre Sm.
- Teucrium cuneifolium Sm.
- Teucrium gracile Barbey & Fors.-Major
- Teucrium montbretii subsp. heliotropiifolium (Barbey) P.H.Davis
- Thymbra calostachya (Rech.f.) Rech.f.
- Thymus leucotrichus var. creticus (Bald.) Ronniger
Liliaceae
- Fritillaria messanensis subsp. sphaciotica (Gand.) Kamari & Phitos
- Gagea omalensis J.-M.Tison
- Tulipa cretica Boiss. & Heldr.
Linaceae
- Linum caespitosum Sm.
- Linum doerfleri Rech.f.
Orchidaceae
- × Anacamptorchis salkowskiana (C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) J.M.H.Shaw
- Cephalanthera cucullata Boiss. & Heldr.
- Ophrys × antiskariensis Soca (O. bombyliflora × O. cretica)
- Ophrys × baumanniana Soó (O. cretica × O. sphegodes)
- Ophrys × plorae C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis (O. cretica × O. spruneri)
- Ophrys × regis-minois Halx (O. cretica × O. scolopax subsp. heldreichii)
- Ophrys × vamvakiae Kohlmüller (O. cretica × O. lutea)
- Ophrys × varvarae Faller & Kreutz (O. cretica × O. fusca)
- × Orchinea hermaniana (C.Alibertis & A.Alibertis) J.M.H.Shaw (Neotinea tridentata × Orchis anatolica)
- Orchis sitiaca (Renz) P.Delforge
- Orchis spitzelii subsp. nitidifolia (W.P.Teschner) Soó
- Orchis × thriftiensis Renz (O. anatolica × O. pauciflora)
- Serapias × sitiae nothosubsp. sitiae (S. lingua × S. orientalis subsp. orientalis)
- Serapias × wettsteinii nothosubsp. wettsteinii (S. bergonii × S. orientalis subsp. orientalis)
Paeoniaceae
- Paeonia clusii subsp. clusii – Crete and Kárpathos
Papaveraceae
- Corydalis uniflora (Sieber) Nyman
Plantaginaceae
- Chaenorhinum minus subsp. idaeum (Rech.f.) R.Fern.
- Veronica glauca subsp. kavusica (Rech.f.) M.A.Fisch.
Plumbaginaceae
- Acantholimon androsaceum var. androsaceum
- Limonium calliopsium Alf.Mayer
- Limonium carpathum (Rech.f.) Rech.f. – Kárpathos (near Vrondi)
- Limonium cornarianum Kypr. & R.Artelari – southeast Crete
- Limonium creticum R.Artelari
- Limonium elaphonisicum Alf.Mayer
- Limonium frederici (Barbey) Rech.f.
- Limonium hierapetrae Rech.f.
- Limonium pigadiense (Rech.f.) Rech.f. – Kárpathos
- Limonium rigidum Alf.Mayer
- Limonium stenotatum (Rech.f.) Erben & Brullo
- Limonium vanandense Erben & Brullo – Kárpathos
- Limonium xerocamposicum Erben & Brullo
Poaceae
- Brachypodium sylvaticum subsp. creticum H.Scholz & Greuter
- Catapodium borgesii H.Scholz
- Dactylis glomerata subsp. rigida (Boiss. & Heldr.) Hayek
- Festuca polita subsp. cretica (Markgr.-Dann.) Foggi & H.Scholz
- Sesleria doerfleri Hayek
Polygonaceae
- Polygonum idaeum Hayek
Primulaceae
- Cyclamen confusum (Grey-Wilson) Culham, Jope & P.Moore
- Cyclamen creticum (Dörfl.) Hildebr.
- Cyclamen graecum subsp. candicum Ietsw.
- Adonis cretica (Huth) Imam, Chrtek & A.Slavíková
Ranunculaceae
- Anemone hortensis subsp. heldreichii (Boiss.) Rech.f. – Crete and Kárpathos
- Clematis elisabethae-carolae Greuter – Sfakia Prov.
- Nigella carpatha Strid – Kárpathos and Kasos
- Ranunculus cupreus Boiss. & Heldr.
- Ranunculus radinotrichus Greuter & Strid – western Crete (Levka Ori)
- Ranunculus veronicae N.Böhling
Rosaceae
- Sanguisorba cretica Hayek
Rubiaceae
- Cynanchica idaea (Halácsy) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio – mountains of Crete
- Galium citraceum Boiss. SC. & S. Greece to Kriti
- Galium extensum Krendl
- Galium fruticosum Willd.
- ''Galium incanum'' subsp. ''creticum'' Ehrend.
- Galium incrassatum Halácsy
- Galium incurvum Sm. – mountains of Crete
- Hexaphylla pubescens (Willd.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio
- Thliphthisa crassula (Greuter & Zaffran) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio
- Thliphthisa rigida (Sm.) P.Caputo & Del Guacchio
Salicaceae
- Salix kaptarae Cambria
Santalaceae
- Viscum album subsp. creticum N.Böhling, Greuter, Raus, B.Snogerup, Snogerup & Zuber
Scrophulariaceae
- Verbascum arcturus L.
- Verbascum × atchleyianum Rech.f. (V. sinuatum × V. spinosum)
- Verbascum × innominatum Rech.f. (V. macrurum × V. sinuatum)
- Verbascum spinosum L.
Tamaricaceae
- Tamarix minoa J.L.Villar, Turland, Juan, Gaskin, M.A.Alonso & M.B.Crespo
Ulmaceae
- Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss.
Violaceae
- Viola alba subsp. cretica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Marcussen – mountains of Crete
References
- ^ Endemic plants of Kriti, World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP) checklist builder. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 25 August 2024.