Keita dynasty
The Keita dynasty ruled pre-imperial and imperial Mali from the 11th century into the early 17th century.[1] It was a Muslim dynasty, and its rulers claimed descent from Bilal Keita (also known as Bilal ibn Ribah), despite Bilal's mother possibly having been of Abyssinian origin.[2]
Bilal Keita was a freed slave who accepted Islam and became one of the Sahabahs of Muhammad. Bilal Keita bears the distinction of being the first muezzin in Islam. According to Mandinka/Bambara accounts invented after their conversion to Islam and passed down by djelis (Muslim chroniclers), Bilal had seven sons, one of whom settled in Manden (Mandinka traditional territory). This son, Lawalo Keita, had a son named Latal Kalabi Keita, who later sired Damul Kalabi Keita. It was common in most royal dynasties to try to link their origins to some divine or religious personalities and was common across cultures and religions. Damul Kalabi Keita's son was Lahilatoul Keita and the first faama of the city of Niani. It is through Lahilatoul that the Keita clan becomes a ruling dynasty, though only over the small area around Niani.
There would be nine faamas of Niani prior to the founding of the Mali Empire. Its first mansa would be Sundiata Keita. This is when Mari Jata is crowned and Keita becomes a clan name. A couple of generations after him, his great-nephew, Mansa Musa Keita I of Mali, made a celebrated pilgrimage to Mecca.[3] The dynasty he belonged to remained a major power in West Africa from 1235 until the breakup of the Mali Empire around 1610. Rivals from within the clan founded smaller kingdoms within contemporary Mali and Guinea. Today, the surname Keita belongs only to one royal family in Africa. Of the members of these modern "daughter dynasties", the late politician Modibo Keita and the musician Salif Keita are arguably the most famous.
Ancestors
Time period | Person | Notes |
---|---|---|
b. 580—d. 640 | Bilal ibn Rabah | Ancestor of the Keitas, сompanion (sahabah) of Muhammad |
Lawalo Keita | Son of Bilali Bounama and Hala Bint Awf (sister of Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf richest man in Mecca). Left Mecca and emigrated to Manden (Mali). | |
Latal Kalabi | Son of Lawalo Keita | |
Damul Kalabi | Son of Latal Kalabi |
List of royal faamas of Manden (capital — Kangaba)
Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
---|---|---|
Lahilatoul Kalabi | Son of Damul Kalabi. First sub-Saharan African prince to perform a hajj; robbed in the desert, returned after 7 years. | |
Kalabi Bomba | Son of Lahilatoul Kalabi | |
Kalabi Dauman | Younger son of Lahilatoul Kalabi. Preferred fortune, ancestor of traders. | |
c. 1050 | Mamadi Kani | Son of Kalabi Bomba. Hunter king, inventor of the hunter‘s whistle, communicated with the jinn of the bush, loved by Kondolon Ni Sané. |
Sané Kani Simbon, Kamignogo Simbon, Kabala Simbon and Bamari Tagnogokelin Simbon together | The four sons of Mamadi Kani. | |
Bamari Tagnogokelin | ||
1175—? | M’Bali Nene | Son of Bamari Tagnogokelin |
Bello | Son of Bamari Tagnogokelin |
List of royal faamas of Manden (capital — Dodugu)
Tenure | Incumbent | Notes |
---|---|---|
?—1200s | Bello Bakon | Son of Bello |
1200s—1218 | Maghan Kon Fatta | Son of Bello Bakon |
1218—c.1230 | Dankaran Touman | Son of Maghan Kon Fatta. Niani conquered by the Sosso Empire under king Soumaoro Kanté. |
List of imperial mansas of Mali (capital — Niani)
Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
---|---|---|
1235—1255 | Mari Djata I | Son of Manghan Kon Fatta, ancestor of Bani Djata Clan. |
1255—1270 | Uli Keita I Ibn Djata | Son of Mari Djata I, ancestor of Bani Djata Clan. |
1270—1274 | Wati Keita | |
1274—1275 | Khalifa Keita | |
1275—1285 | Abubakari Keita I | |
1285—1300 | Sakura | Usurper |
1300—1305 | Gao Keita | |
1305—1312 | Mohammed ibn Gao Keita | |
1312—1337 | Mansa Musa Keita I | |
1337—1341 | Maghan Keita I | |
1341—1360 | Souleyman Keita | Co-ruler: Kassi |
1360 | Camba Keita | |
1360—1374 | Mari Djata Keita II | |
1374—1387 | Musa Keita II | |
1387—1389 | Maghan Keita II | |
1389—1390 | Sandaki | Usurper |
1390—1404 | Maghan Keita III
(also known as Mahmud Keita I) |
|
1404—c. 1440 | Musa Keita III | |
c.1460—1480/1481 | Uli Keita II | |
1480/1481—1496 | Mahmud Keita II
(also known as Mamadou Keita) |
|
1496—1559 | Mahmud Keita III | |
1559—c.1590 | Unknown mansa or vacancy | |
c.1590—c.1610 | Mahmud Keita IV | Empire collapses after death of Mahmud Keita IV. |
List of post-imperial mansas of Mali (capital — Kangaba)
Reign | Incumbent | Notes |
---|---|---|
c.1610—c.1660 | Unknown number of mansas | |
c.1660—c.1670 | Mama Maghan | Capital moved from Niani to Kangaba after botched attack on Segou. |
See also
Further reading
- Ibn Khaldun (1958). F. Rosenthal (ed.). The Muqaddimah (K. Ta'rikh - "History"). Vol. 1. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. pp. 264–268. OCLC 956182402. (on the Kings of Mali)
- Ibn Battuta (2005). Noel King; Said Hamdun (eds.). Ibn Battuta in Black Africa. Princeton: Markus Wiener. pp. 45–46. OCLC 1073731577.
References
- ^ Imperato, Pascal James; Imperato, Gavin H. (2008-04-25). Historical Dictionary of Mali. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6402-3.
- ^ Stadler, Nurit (2020). Voices of the Ritual: Devotion to Female Saints and Shrines in the Holy Land. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-750130-6.
- ^ Cooley, William Desborough (1841). The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained: Or, An Inquiry Into the Early History and Geography of Central Africa. London: J. Arrowsmith. pp. 63–64.
Sources
- Cooley, William Desborough (1966). The Negroland of the Arabs Examined and Explained. London: Routledge. p. 143 Pages. ISBN 0-7146-1799-7.
- Stewart, John (1989). African States and Rulers: An Encyclopedia of Native, Colonial, and Independent States and Rulers Past and Present. Jefferson: McFarland & Company. p. 395 Pages. ISBN 0-89950-390-X.