Indonesian Christian Party
Indonesian Christian Party Partai Kristen Indonesia | |
---|---|
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Abbreviation | Parkindo |
Chairman | Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes (first) Melanchton Siregar (last) |
Secretary-General | Maryoto (first) Sabam Sirait (last) |
Founded | 10 November 1945 |
Dissolved | 11 January 1973 |
Preceded by | Parki |
Merged into | Indonesian Democratic Party |
Succeeded by | Indonesian Christian Party 1945 Prosperous Peace Party (claimed) |
Headquarters | Djakarta |
Newspaper | Kemudi Sinar Harapan |
Think tank | Association of Indonesian Christian Intelligence |
Student wing | Indonesian Christian Student Movement Indonesian Christian Pupil Movement |
Youth wing | Indonesian Christian Youth Movement |
Women's wing | Indonesian Christian Women's Association |
Armed wing | Arrow Division (during Indonesian National Revolution) |
Membership | 1,049,475 (1969) |
Ideology | Pancasila Christian democracy |
Political position | Centre-right |
Religion | Protestant |
The Indonesian Christian Party (Indonesian: Partai Kristen Indonesia), better known as Parkindo, was a Christian political party active in Indonesia from 1950 until 1973, when it was merged to make the Indonesian Democratic Party.
Founded by Johannes Leimena and Melanchton Siregar, the former Military Governor of North Sumatra, who was known as a local teacher in Tarutung. Its support was concentrated in Protestant areas of Indonesia. It had considerable influence despite the small number of Christians in Indonesia due to the large numbers of Christians in the civil service, the army and educational establishments and because of the high profile of party leader Johannes Leimena who served in several Indonesian cabinets and as deputy prime minister.[1] In the 1955 Indonesian legislative election, the party won 2.6% of the vote and eight seats in the People's Representative Council.[2] However, in the 1971 elections, the last it contested before being merged into the Indonesian Democratic Party, it gained only 1.34% of the vote.[3][4]
History
Pre-independence
The first Christian party in the Dutch East Indies was the Christelijk Ethische Partij (transl. Christian Ethic Party), which was established on 25 September 1917.[5] According to the constitution of the party, the party strives to make the statutes of God, as revealed in the Holy Scriptures, nature and history, the foundation of the political life in the Dutch East Indies. At the formation of the party, it had around 800 members. The party also invited native Indonesians, which was a rarity for Dutch-majority party at that time. The party changed its name to Christenlijk Staatkundige Partei (transl. Christian Constitutional Party) on 1929. The party gained five seats in the 1935 Dutch East Indies Volksraad election, on which three seats to the native Indonesians, and two seats to Europeans.[6]
Establishment
The party was established following the decree by the government on 3 November 1945 to form "as many political parties as possible" in Indonesia. The decree was an attempt by the government to eradicate rumors that stated that Sukarno and Hatta would make Indonesia a one-party state, governed by the Indonesian National Party. Six days after the decree, Christian politicians of Indonesia held a meeting to discuss the possibility of establishing a party for Christians. The meeting was held in the Pasundan Church. The Protestants sent Basuki Probowinoto, Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia, Fredrick Laoh, Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes, J. K. Panggabean, Soedarsono, Maryoto and Martinus Abednego, while the Catholics sent Suradi and Hadi. After the delegates agreed to form a political party, the Catholic delegates withdrew from the meeting, giving the reason that they had to talk about it first with the leaders of the Catholic Church.[7]
The meeting finally produced an agreement to form a party for Christians under the name National Christian Party (Indonesian: Partai Kristen Nasional). The name was proposed by Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia. The delegates chose Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes as the chairman and Maryoto as the general secretary by acclamation. On 10 November 1945, the delegates declared the formation of the National Christian Party.[8]
Notable members
National Heroes of Indonesia
- Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes, first chairman of the party
- Johannes Leimena, third chairman of the party
- Ir. Martinus Putuhena
- Izaak Huru Doko, nominated as the MP of the party from East Nusa Tenggara
- Silas Papare
Ministers
- Johannes Leimena, seated seven different ministerial positions from 1946 until 1966
- Ir. Martinus Putuhena, Prime Minister of East Indonesia (1950) and Minister of Public Works (1945–1947)
- Todung Sutan Gunung Mulia, Minister of Education (1945–1946)
- Albert Mangaratua Tambunan, Minister of Social Affairs (1966–1970)
- Wilhelm Johannis Rumambi, Liaison Minister (1959–1966), Minister of Enlightenment (1966)
Chairmen
# | Portrait | Name (Birth – Death) |
Term of office[9] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Time in office | ||||
1 | ![]() |
Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes (1895 – 1952) |
9 November 1945 | 7 December 1945 | 28 days | |
2 | ![]() |
Basuki Probowinoto (1917 – 1989) |
7 December 1945 | 9 April 1950 | 4 years, 123 days | |
3 | ![]() |
Johannes Leimena (1905 – 1977) |
9 April 1950 | 5 February 1961 | 10 years, 298 days | |
4 | ![]() |
A. M. Tambunan (1910 – 1970) |
5 February 1961 | 22 October 1967 | 6 years, 263 days | |
5 | ![]() |
Melanchton Siregar (1912 – 1975) |
22 October 1967 | 11 January 1973 | 5 years, 81 days |
Election results
Election | Total seats won | Total votes | Share of votes | Outcome of election | Party leader |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
April 1955 | 8 / 257
|
1,003,325 | 2.6%[10] | ![]() |
Johannes Leimena |
December 1955 | 16 / 514
|
988,810 | 2.61%[10] | ![]() |
Johannes Leimena |
1971 | 7 / 360
|
733,359 | 1.34%[10] | ![]() |
Melanchton Siregar |
References
- ^ Feith (2007) p. 145
- ^ Feith (2007) p. 434
- ^ Evans (2003) pp. 21-21
- ^ Liddle (1994) p. 46
- ^ Christelijk-Ethische Partij 1917, p. 28
- ^ Koloniaal Tijdschrift, Vol.24, 1935
- ^ Parkindo 1945 2006, p. 2
- ^ Parkindo 1945 2006, pp. 2–3
- ^ Cribb & Kahin 2004, pp. 479–480.
- ^ a b c "Bab V - Hasil Pemilu - KPU" (PDF) (in Indonesian). Komisi Pemilihan Umum Republik Indonesia. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
Bibliography
- Cribb, Robert; Kahin, Audrey (2004). Historical Dictionary of Indonesia. Scarecrow Press Inc. ISBN 978-0-8108-4935-8.
- Parkindo 1945 (12 March 2006), Sejarah Parkindo [History of Parkindo] (in Indonesian), Jakarta
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Christelijk-Ethische Partij (1917), Beginselverklaring, algemeen program van beginselen, statuten en huishoudelijk reglement der Christelijk-Ethische Partij (in Dutch), Amsterdam
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Feith, Herbert (2007) The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesia Equinox Publishing (Asia) Pte Ltd, ISBN 978-979-3780-45-0
- Liddle, R. William (1994) Pemilu-Pemilu Orde Baru (Elections of the New Order), LP3ES, Jakarta ISBN 978-979-8015-88-5
- Ricklefs, M.C. (1991) A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1200. Stanford: Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-4480-7