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In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two...

infrequently. Type I string theory turns out to be equivalent by S-duality to the SO(32) heterotic string theory. Similarly, type IIB string theory is related...

the NS sector of the heterotic string was given by Berkovits, Okawa and Zwiebach. The formulation amalgamates bosonic closed string field theory with Berkovits'...

string theory via the Green–Schwarz mechanism (named after Michael Green and John H. Schwarz) in 1984. The ground-breaking discovery of the heterotic...

heterotic E8×E8 string and the heterotic SO(32) string. (The name heterotic SO(32) is slightly inaccurate since among the SO(32) Lie groups, string theory...

realized that type IIA string theory is related to type IIB string theory by T-duality. Superstring theory Type I string Heterotic string Duff, Michael (1998)...

force. There are several versions of string theory: type I, type IIA, type IIB, and two flavors of heterotic string theory (SO(32) and E8×E8). The different...

Witten that type I string theory with the string coupling constant g {\displaystyle g} is equivalent to the SO(32) heterotic string with the coupling 1...

These lead to two version of the heterotic string known as the E8×E8 heterotic string and the SO(32) heterotic string. Leech lattice E8 (mathematics) Semiregular...

physics and especially in string theory and supergravity. E8×E8 is the gauge group of one of the two types of heterotic string and is one of two anomaly-free...

S U ( 16 ) {\displaystyle SU(16)} , and E 8 {\displaystyle E_{8}} heterotic string theories, will have a tachyon and therefore the spacetime vacuum itself...

In physics, a string is a physical entity postulated in string theory and related subjects. Unlike elementary particles, which are zero-dimensional or...

of string states. h.c. hc Hermitian conjugate HCMS Hadronic center of mass (frame) HDM Higgs doublet model HE Short for heterotic-E2 8, a heterotic string...

theory in loop amplitudes calculated via twistor string theory. Despite its shortcomings, twistor string theory led to rapid developments in the study of...

that routinely emerges in string theory, such as in heterotic string theory or (sometimes equivalently) in F-theory. String theory has mechanisms that...

like the obligatory gauge symmetry in type I and heterotic string theories, and obtained in type II string theory by compactification on certain Calabi–Yau...

the heterotic string, along with David Gross, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm. The four physicists were colloquially known as the "Princeton string quartet"...

strings to collapse rather than grow to cosmic scales (in the context of heterotic superstring theory), or having a characteristic energy scale close to...

mathematical framework. However, many approaches to quantum gravity, such as string theory, try to develop a framework that describes all fundamental forces...

spatial dimensions. That type of solution would be called a black p-brane. In string theory, the term black brane describes a group of D1-branes that are surrounded...