Ethnic groups in Nepal
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Caste/Ethnic groups of Nepal more than 1% of total population (2021 Census)[1]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Largest_Ethnicity-Caste_in_Nepal%27s_District.png/220px-Largest_Ethnicity-Caste_in_Nepal%27s_District.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ethnographic_Map_Of_Nepal_Native_area_of_Ethnic_caste_group_Dr_Harka_Gurung_1998.jpg/220px-Ethnographic_Map_Of_Nepal_Native_area_of_Ethnic_caste_group_Dr_Harka_Gurung_1998.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Nepal.svg/200px-Ethnolinguistic_Groups_of_Nepal.svg.png)
Ethnic groups in Nepal are delineated using language, ethnic identity or the caste system in Nepal. They are categorized by common culture and endogamy. Endogamy carves out ethnic groups in Nepal.[2]
Linguistic groups
![Khaijadi](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Khaijadi.jpg/220px-Khaijadi.jpg)
Nepal's diverse linguistic heritage evolved from 2 major language groups: Indo-European languages, Tibeto-Burman languages. Nepal's languages are mostly either Indo-European or Sino-Tibetan, while only a very few of them are Austro-Asiatic and Dravidian.
Out of 123 languages of Nepal, the 48 Indo-European languages constitute the largest group in terms of the numeric strength of their speakers, nearly 82.1%[3] of population. Nepali, Bhojpuri, Maithili, Awadhi, Tharu languages, Urdu, etc. fall in this group.
The Sino-Tibetan family of Nepal's languages forms a part of its Tibeto-Burman group. Though spoken by relatively fewer people than the Indo-European family (17.3%[3] of population), it includes a greater number of languages, about 63 languages. Languages belonging to this group are Tamang, Nepal Bhasa (Newar), Magar, Limbu, etc.
Tribhuvan University began surveying and recording threatened languages in 2010 and the government intends to use this information to include more languages on the next Nepalese census.[4]
Mother Tongues
There were 124 mother tongues according to the "National Report on caste/ethnicity, language & religion", National Population and Housing Census 2021 in Nepal.111 were previously reported in the earlier census 2011 and 13 were newly found in the census 2021.
The newly added mother tongues were Bhote, Lowa, Chum/Nubri, Baragunwa, Nar-Phu, Ranatharu, Karmarong, Mugali, Tichhurong Poike, Sadri, Done, Munda/Mudiyari and Kewarat.[5]
Population by mother tongue and sex, NPHC 2021[5]
Rank | Mother Tongue | Total | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
All MotherTongues | 29164578 | 100 | |
1 | Nepali | 13084457 | 44.86 |
2 | Maithili | 3222389 | 11.05 |
3 | Bhojpuri | 1820795 | 6.24 |
4 | Tharu | 1714091 | 5.88 |
5 | Tamang | 1423075 | 4.88 |
6 | Bajjika | 1133764 | 3.89 |
7 | Avadhi | 864276 | 2.96 |
8 | Nepalbhasha(Newari) | 863380 | 2.96 |
9 | Magar Dhut | 810315 | 2.78 |
10 | Doteli | 494864 | 1.7 |
11 | Urdu | 413785 | 1.42 |
12 | Yakthung/Limbu | 350436 | 1.2 |
13 | Gurung | 328074 | 1.12 |
14 | Magahi | 230117 | 0.79 |
15 | Baitadeli | 152666 | 0.52 |
16 | Rai | 144512 | 0.5 |
17 | Achhami | 141444 | 0.48 |
18 | Bantawa | 138003 | 0.47 |
19 | Rajbanshi | 130163 | 0.45 |
20 | Sherpa | 117896 | 0.4 |
21 | Khash | 117511 | 0.4 |
22 | Bajhangi | 99631 | 0.34 |
23 | Hindi | 98399 | 0.34 |
24 | Magar Kham | 91753 | 0.31 |
25 | Chamling | 89037 | 0.31 |
26 | Ranatharu | 77766 | 0.27 |
27 | Chepang | 58392 | 0.2 |
28 | Bajureli | 56486 | 0.19 |
29 | Santhali | 53677 | 0.18 |
30 | Danuwar | 49992 | 0.17 |
31 | Darchuleli | 45649 | 0.16 |
32 | Uranw/Urau | 38873 | 0.13 |
33 | Kulung | 37912 | 0.13 |
34 | Angika | 35952 | 0.12 |
35 | Majhi | 32917 | 0.11 |
36 | Sunuwar | 32708 | 0.11 |
37 | Thami | 26805 | 0.09 |
38 | Ganagai | 26281 | 0.09 |
39 | Thulung | 24405 | 0.08 |
40 | Bangla | 23774 | 0.08 |
41 | Ghale | 23049 | 0.08 |
42 | Sampang | 21597 | 0.07 |
43 | Marwadi | 21333 | 0.07 |
44 | Dadeldhuri | 21300 | 0.07 |
45 | Dhimal | 20583 | 0.07 |
46 | Tajpuriya | 20349 | 0.07 |
47 | Kumal | 18435 | 0.06 |
48 | Khaling | 16514 | 0.06 |
49 | Musalman | 16252 | 0.06 |
50 | Wambule | 15285 | 0.05 |
51 | Bahing/Bayung | 14449 | 0.05 |
52 | Yakkha | 14241 | 0.05 |
53 | Sanskrit | 13906 | 0.05 |
54 | Bhujel | 13086 | 0.04 |
55 | Bhote | 12895 | 0.04 |
56 | Darai | 12156 | 0.04 |
57 | Yamphu/Yamphe | 10744 | 0.04 |
58 | Nachhiring | 9906 | 0.03 |
59 | Hyolmo/Yholmo | 9658 | 0.03 |
60 | Dumi | 8638 | 0.03 |
61 | Jumli | 8338 | 0.03 |
62 | Bote | 7687 | 0.03 |
63 | Mewahang | 7428 | 0.03 |
64 | Puma | 6763 | 0.02 |
65 | Pahari | 5946 | 0.02 |
66 | Athpahariya | 5580 | 0.02 |
67 | Dungmali | 5403 | 0.02 |
68 | Jirel | 5167 | 0.02 |
69 | Tibetan | 5053 | 0.02 |
70 | Dailekhi | 4989 | 0.02 |
71 | Chum/Nubri | 4284 | 0.01 |
72 | Chhantyal | 4282 | 0.01 |
73 | Raji | 4247 | 0.01 |
74 | Thakali | 4220 | 0.01 |
75 | Meche | 4203 | 0.01 |
76 | Koyee | 4152 | 0.01 |
77 | Lohorung | 3884 | 0.01 |
78 | Kewarat | 3469 | 0.01 |
79 | Dolpali | 3244 | 0.01 |
80 | Done | 3100 | 0.01 |
81 | Mugali | 2834 | 0.01 |
82 | Jero/Jerung | 2817 | 0.01 |
83 | Karmarong | 2619 | 0.01 |
84 | Chhintang | 2564 | 0.01 |
85 | Lhopa | 2348 | 0.01 |
86 | Lapcha | 2240 | 0.01 |
87 | Munda/Mudiyari | 2107 | 0.01 |
88 | Manange | 2022 | 0.01 |
89 | Chhiling | 2011 | 0.01 |
90 | Dura | 1991 | 0.01 |
91 | Tilung | 1969 | 0.01 |
92 | Sign Language | 1784 | 0.01 |
93 | Byansi | 1706 | 0.01 |
94 | Balkura/Baram | 1539 | 0.01 |
95 | Baragunwa | 1536 | 0.01 |
96 | Sadri | 1347 | 0 |
97 | English | 1323 | 0 |
98 | Magar Kaike | 1225 | 0 |
99 | Sonaha | 1182 | 0 |
100 | Hayu/Vayu | 1133 | 0 |
101 | Kisan | 1004 | 0 |
102 | Punjabi | 871 | 0 |
103 | Dhuleli | 786 | 0 |
104 | Khamchi(Raute) | 741 | 0 |
105 | Lungkhim | 702 | 0 |
106 | Lowa | 624 | 0 |
107 | Kagate | 611 | 0 |
108 | Waling/Walung | 545 | 0 |
109 | Nar-Phu | 428 | 0 |
110 | Lhomi | 413 | 0 |
111 | Tichhurong Poike | 410 | 0 |
112 | Kurmali | 397 | 0 |
113 | Koche | 332 | 0 |
114 | Sindhi | 291 | 0 |
115 | Phangduwali | 247 | 0 |
116 | Belhare | 177 | 0 |
117 | Surel | 174 | 0 |
118 | Malpande | 161 | 0 |
119 | Khariya | 132 | 0 |
120 | Sadhani | 122 | 0 |
121 | Hariyanwi | 114 | 0 |
122 | Sam | 106 | 0 |
123 | Bankariya | 86 | 0 |
124 | Kusunda | 23 | 0 |
125 | Others | 4201 | 0.01 |
126 | Not stated | 346 | 0 |
Second Language
There were 25 languages that were being used as second language by more than 10 thousand population on each in the "National Report on caste/ethnicity, language & religion", National Population and Housing Census 2021 in Nepal, whereas there were only 18 such languages reported as second language in the earlier census 2011.[5]
Population by second language and sex, NPHC 2021[5]
Rank | Second Language | Total | Percentage |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 29164578 | 100 | |
1 | No Second Language | 14023086 | 48.08 |
2 | Nepali | 13482904 | 46.23 |
3 | Maithili | 267621 | 0.92 |
4 | Hindi | 223106 | 0.76 |
5 | Bhojpuri | 138572 | 0.48 |
6 | English | 102561 | 0.35 |
7 | Tharu | 89606 | 0.31 |
8 | Bajjika | 86062 | 0.30 |
9 | Avadhi | 75651 | 0.26 |
10 | Urdu | 72128 | 0.25 |
11 | Tamang | 71569 | 0.25 |
12 | Magar Dhut | 54143 | 0.19 |
13 | Bhote | 45292 | 0.16 |
14 | Bantawa | 43536 | 0.15 |
15 | Nepalbhasha(Newari) | 32604 | 0.11 |
16 | Chamling | 29253 | 0.10 |
17 | Magahi | 29191 | 0.10 |
18 | Gurung | 23698 | 0.08 |
19 | Yakthung/Limbu | 19705 | 0.07 |
20 | Thulung | 17187 | 0.06 |
21 | Magar Kham | 16814 | 0.06 |
22 | Bahing/Bayung | 15104 | 0.05 |
23 | Rai | 14398 | 0.05 |
24 | Doteli | 14344 | 0.05 |
25 | Sampang | 14261 | 0.05 |
26 | Khaling | 10370 | 0.04 |
27 | Baitadeli | 9521 | 0.03 |
28 | Sherpa | 9435 | 0.03 |
29 | Sanskrit | 6615 | 0.02 |
30 | Achhami | 6522 | 0.02 |
31 | Angika | 6127 | 0.02 |
32 | Musalman | 6084 | 0.02 |
33 | Kulung | 6039 | 0.02 |
34 | Dumi | 5870 | 0.02 |
35 | Dadeldhuri | 5535 | 0.02 |
36 | Bangla | 5447 | 0.02 |
37 | Wambule | 5227 | 0.02 |
38 | Darchuleli | 4272 | 0.01 |
39 | Puma | 4271 | 0.01 |
40 | Rajbanshi | 4103 | 0.01 |
41 | Bote | 3891 | 0.01 |
42 | Mewahang | 3669 | 0.01 |
43 | Marwadi | 3449 | 0.01 |
44 | Nachhiring | 3176 | 0.01 |
45 | Tibetan | 3134 | 0.01 |
46 | Bajhangi | 2641 | 0.01 |
47 | Khash | 2607 | 0.01 |
48 | Chhintang | 2135 | 0.01 |
49 | Tilung | 1762 | 0.01 |
50 | Sunuwar | 1597 | 0.01 |
51 | Belhare | 1491 | 0.01 |
52 | Punjabi | 1274 | 0.00 |
53 | Dungmali | 1271 | 0.00 |
54 | Jero/Jerung | 1245 | 0.00 |
55 | Jumli | 1125 | 0.00 |
56 | Bajureli | 1076 | 0.00 |
57 | Dhimal | 999 | 0.00 |
58 | Majhi | 971 | 0.00 |
59 | Ghale | 963 | 0.00 |
60 | Koyee | 928 | 0.00 |
61 | Ranatharu | 871 | 0.00 |
62 | Thami | 859 | 0.00 |
63 | Danuwar | 845 | 0.00 |
64 | Chepang | 833 | 0.00 |
65 | Sign Language | 828 | 0.00 |
66 | Bhujel | 740 | 0.00 |
67 | Thakali | 733 | 0.00 |
68 | Yakkha | 704 | 0.00 |
69 | Santhali | 703 | 0.00 |
70 | Chhiling | 685 | 0.00 |
71 | Ganagai | 644 | 0.00 |
72 | Lohorung | 622 | 0.00 |
73 | Kumal | 615 | 0.00 |
74 | Kagate | 615 | 0.00 |
75 | Darai | 591 | 0.00 |
76 | Khamchi(Raute) | 526 | 0.00 |
77 | Magar Kaike | 515 | 0.00 |
78 | Hyolmo/Yholmo | 508 | 0.00 |
79 | Yamphu/Yamphe | 494 | 0.00 |
80 | Dailekhi | 434 | 0.00 |
81 | Chhantyal | 394 | 0.00 |
82 | Hayu/Vayu | 349 | 0.00 |
83 | Koche | 335 | 0.00 |
84 | Jirel | 332 | 0.00 |
85 | Athpahariya | 320 | 0.00 |
86 | Balkura/Baram | 307 | 0.00 |
87 | Waling/Walung | 304 | 0.00 |
88 | Manange | 304 | 0.00 |
89 | Dura | 278 | 0.00 |
90 | Uranw/Urau | 245 | 0.00 |
91 | Lapcha | 242 | 0.00 |
92 | Sindhi | 217 | 0.00 |
93 | Tajpuriya | 209 | 0.00 |
94 | Dhuleli | 187 | 0.00 |
95 | Pahari | 142 | 0.00 |
96 | Lhopa | 129 | 0.00 |
97 | Dolpali | 127 | 0.00 |
98 | Sadhani | 125 | 0.00 |
99 | Sadri | 106 | 0.00 |
100 | Baragunwa | 89 | 0.00 |
101 | Phangduwali | 85 | 0.00 |
102 | Hariyanwi | 84 | 0.00 |
103 | Sam | 79 | 0.00 |
104 | Malpande | 78 | 0.00 |
105 | Raji | 76 | 0.00 |
106 | Meche | 75 | 0.00 |
107 | Tichhurong Poike | 72 | 0.00 |
108 | Surel | 64 | 0.00 |
109 | Kurmali | 60 | 0.00 |
110 | Bankariya | 42 | 0.00 |
111 | Kewarat | 38 | 0.00 |
112 | Sonaha | 35 | 0.00 |
113 | Karmarong | 34 | 0.00 |
114 | Kisan | 33 | 0.00 |
115 | Byansi | 32 | 0.00 |
116 | Kusunda | 32 | 0.00 |
117 | Lungkhim | 28 | 0.00 |
118 | Mugali | 23 | 0.00 |
119 | Others | 159 | 0.00 |
120 | Not stated | 8105 | 0.03 |
Social status
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/SunuwarMaleFemale.jpg/220px-SunuwarMaleFemale.jpg)
Hill status i.e. (Brahmin/Bahun and Chhetri castes) and the upper-caste segments of Newars dominated the civil service, the judiciary and upper ranks of the army throughout the Shah regime (1768–2008). Nepali was the national language and Sanskrit became a required school subject. Children who spoke Nepali natively and who were exposed to Sanskrit had much better chances of passing the national examinations at the end of high school, which meant they had better employment prospects and could continue into higher education. Caste system, prevalent among Hindus, was made illegal in 1961 by Naya Muluki ain. [6][7][8][9][10]
Caste/ethnicity in Nepal by population
The populations of 125 Nepalese castes groups were recorded in the 2011 Nepal census.[3][11][note 1][12]
However,there were 142 castes/ethnicities according to the "National Report on caste/ethnicity, language & religion", National Population and Housing Census 2021 in Nepal, out of which 125 were previously reported in the earlier census 2011 and 17 were newly found in the census 2021.[5]
The newly added castes/ethnicities were Ranatharu, Bhumihar, Bankariya, Surel, Chumba/Nubri, Phree, Mugal/Mugum, Pun, Rauniyar, Baniyan, Gondh/Gond, Karmarong, Khatik, Beldar, Chai/Khulaut, Done and Kewarat.[5]
The Madeshi Commission also removed Muslims and Tharus from the list of Madeshis in 2021. In the surname listing of ‘Surname Enumeration of Madheshi Community in Nepal -2078 B.S.' conducted by the Madheshi Commission, Tharus in sub-group-1 and Muslims in sub-group-2 have been removed.[13]
List of Castes/Ethnicities by population in Nepal-2011
Rank | Caste & Tribal groups | Population (2011) | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Chetri | 4,398,053 | 18.80 |
2 | Bahun | 3,226,903 | 14.18 |
3 | Magar | 1,887,733 | 7.12 |
4 | Tharu | 1,737,470 | 6.56 |
5 | Tamang | 1,539,830 | 5.81 |
6 | Newar | 1,321,933 | 4.99 |
7 | Kami | 1,258,554 | 4.75 |
8 | Nepali Musalman | 1,164,255 | 4.39 |
9 | Yadav | 1,054,458 | 3.98 |
10 | Rai | 620,004 | 2.34 |
11 | Gurung | 522,641 | 1.97 |
12 | Damai/Dholi | 472,862 | 1.78 |
13 | Thakuri | 425,623 | 1.61 |
14 | Limbu | 387,300 | 1.46 |
15 | Sarki | 374,816 | 1.41 |
16 | Teli | 369,688 | 1.40 |
17 | Chamar/Harijan/Ram | 335,893 | 1.27 |
18 | Kushwaha | 306,393 | 1.16 |
19 | Musahar | 234,490 | 0.89 |
20 | Kurmi | 231,129 | 0.87 |
21 | Sanyasi/Dasnami | 227,822 | 0.86 |
22 | Dhanuk | 219,808 | 0.83 |
23 | Kanu/Haluwai | 209,053 | 0.79 |
24 | Dusadh/Pasawan/Pasi | 208,910 | 0.79 |
25 | Mallaha | 173,261 | 0.65 |
26 | Kewat | 153,772 | 0.58 |
27 | Kathbaniya | 138,637 | 0.52 |
28 | Brahmin-Terai | 134,106 | 0.51 |
29 | Kalwar | 128,232 | 0.48 |
30 | Kumal | 121,196 | 0.45 |
31 | Bhujel | 118,650 | 0.44 |
32 | Hajam/Thakur | 117,758 | 0.43 |
33 | Rajbanshi | 115,242 | 0.43 |
34 | Sherpa | 112,946 | 0.41 |
35 | Dhobi | 109,079 | 0.40 |
36 | Tatma/Tatwa | 104,865 | 0.38 |
37 | Lohar | 101,421 | 0.38 |
38 | Khatwe | 100,921 | 0.35 |
39 | Sudhi | 93,115 | 0.32 |
40 | Danuwar | 84,115 | 0.32 |
41 | Majhi | 83,727 | 0.30 |
42 | Barai | 80,597 | 0.28 |
43 | Bin | 75,195 | 0.27 |
44 | Nuniya | 70,540 | 0.26 |
45 | Chepang | 68,399 | 0.24 |
46 | Sonar | 64,335 | 0.24 |
47 | Kumhar | 62,399 | 0.21 |
48 | Sunuwar | 55,712 | 0.21 |
49 | Bantar/Sardar | 55,104 | 0.21 |
50 | Kahar | 53,159 | 0.20 |
51 | Santhal | 51,735 | 0.20 |
52 | Marwadi | 51,443 | 0.19 |
53 | Kayastha | 44,304 | 0.17 |
54 | Rajput/Terai Kshetriya | 41,972 | 0.16 |
55 | Badi | 38,603 | 0.15 |
56 | Jhangar/Uraon | 37,424 | 0.14 |
57 | Gangai (Ganesh & Mandal) | 36,988 | 0.12 |
58 | Lodh | 32,837 | 0.11 |
59 | Badhaee | 28,932 | 0.11 |
60 | Thami | 28,671 | 0.11 |
61 | Kulung | 28,613 | 0.1 |
62 | Bengali | 26,582 | 0.1 |
63 | Gaderi/Bhediyar/Gangajali | 26,375 | 0.1 |
64 | Dhimal | 26,298 | 0.09 |
65 | Yakkha | 24,336 | 0.09 |
66 | Ghale | 22,881 | 0.07 |
67 | Tajpuriya | 19,213 | 0.07 |
68 | Khawas | 18,513 | 0.06 |
69 | Darai | 16,789 | 0.06 |
70 | Mali | 14,995 | 0.06 |
71 | Dhuniya | 14,846 | 0.05 |
72 | Pahari | 13,615 | 0.05 |
73 | Rajdhob | 13,422 | 0.05 |
74 | Bhote | 13,397 | 0.05 |
75 | Dom | 13,268 | 0.05 |
76 | Thakali | 13,215 | 0.05 |
77 | Kori | 12,276 | 0.04 |
78 | Chhantyal | 11,810 | 0.04 |
79 | Hyolmo | 10,752 | 0.04 |
80 | Bote | 10,397 | 0.04 |
81 | Rajbhar | 9,542 | 0.03 |
82 | Brahmu/Baramo | 8,140 | 0.03 |
83 | Punjabi | 7,176 | 0.03 |
84 | Nachhring | 7,154 | 0.03 |
85 | Yamphu | 6,933 | 0.03 |
86 | Gaine | 6,791 | 0.03 |
87 | Chamling | 6,668 | 0.02 |
88 | Athpahariya | 5,977 | 0.02 |
89 | Jirel | 5,774 | 0.02 |
90 | Dura | 5,394 | 0.02 |
91 | Sarabaria | 4,906 | 0.02 |
92 | Meche | 4,867 | 0.02 |
93 | Bantawa | 4,604 | 0.02 |
94 | Raji | 4,235 | 0.02 |
95 | Dolpo | 4,107 | 0.02 |
96 | Halkhor | 4,003 | 0.01 |
97 | Byansi/Sauka | 3,895 | 0.01 |
98 | Amat | 3,830 | 0.01 |
99 | Thulung | 3,535 | 0.01 |
100 | Lepcha | 3,445 | 0.01 |
101 | Pathakatta/Kushwadia | 3,182 | 0.01 |
102 | Mewahang | 3,100 | 0.01 |
103 | Bahing | 3,096 | 0.01 |
104 | Natuwa | 3,062 | 0.01 |
105 | Hayu | 2,925 | 0.01 |
106 | Dhankar/Dharikar | 2,681 | 0.01 |
107 | Lhopa | 2,624 | 0.01 |
108 | Munda | 2,350 | 0.0087 |
109 | Dev | 2,147 | 0.0081 |
110 | Dhandi | 1,982 | 0.0075 |
111 | Kamar | 1,787 | 0.0067 |
112 | Kisan | 1,739 | 0.0066 |
113 | Sampang | 1,681 | 0.0063 |
114 | Koche | 1,635 | 0.0062 |
115 | Lhomi | 1,614 | 0.0061 |
116 | Khaling | 1,571 | 0.0059 |
117 | Topkegola | 1,523 | 0.0057 |
118 | Chidimar | 1,254 | 0.0047 |
119 | Walung | 1,249 | 0.0047 |
120 | Lohorung | 1,153 | 0.0044 |
121 | Kalar | 1,077 | 0.004 |
122 | Raute | 618 | 0.002 |
123 | Nurang | 278 | 0.001 |
124 | Kusunda | 273 | 0.001 |
Foreigners | 6,651 | 0.03 | |
− | Others/Undefined | 275,670 | 1.04% |
Total | 26,494,504 | 100.00% |
List of Castes/Ethnicities by population in Nepal- NPHC 2021[5]
Rank | Caste/ethnicity | Total | Total % |
---|---|---|---|
Total | 29164578 | 100 | |
1 | Kshetri | 4796995 | 16.45 |
2 | Brahman - Hill | 3292373 | 11.29 |
3 | Magar | 2013498 | 6.9 |
4 | Tharu | 1807124 | 6.2 |
5 | Tamang | 1639866 | 5.62 |
6 | Bishwokarma | 1470010 | 5.04 |
7 | Musalman | 1418677 | 4.86 |
8 | Newa: (Newar) | 1341363 | 4.6 |
9 | Yadav | 1228581 | 4.21 |
10 | Rai | 640674 | 2.2 |
11 | Pariyar | 565932 | 1.94 |
12 | Gurung | 543790 | 1.86 |
13 | Thakuri | 494470 | 1.7 |
14 | Mijar | 452229 | 1.55 |
15 | Teli | 431347 | 1.48 |
16 | Yakthung/Limbu | 414704 | 1.42 |
17 | Chamar/Harijan/Ram | 393255 | 1.35 |
18 | Koiri/Kushwaha | 355707 | 1.22 |
19 | Kurmi | 277786 | 0.95 |
20 | Musahar | 264974 | 0.91 |
21 | Dhanuk | 252105 | 0.86 |
22 | Dusadh/Pasawan/Pasi | 250977 | 0.86 |
23 | Brahman - Tarai | 217774 | 0.75 |
24 | Mallaha | 207006 | 0.71 |
25 | Sanyasi/Dasnami | 198849 | 0.68 |
26 | Kewat | 184298 | 0.63 |
27 | Kanu | 152868 | 0.52 |
28 | Hajam/Thakur | 136487 | 0.47 |
29 | Kalwar | 134914 | 0.46 |
30 | Rajbansi | 132564 | 0.45 |
31 | Sherpa | 130637 | 0.45 |
32 | Kumal | 129702 | 0.44 |
33 | Tatma/Tatwa | 126018 | 0.43 |
34 | Khatwe | 124062 | 0.43 |
35 | Gharti/Bhujel | 120245 | 0.41 |
36 | Majhi | 111352 | 0.38 |
37 | Nuniya | 108723 | 0.37 |
38 | Sundi | 107380 | 0.37 |
39 | Dhobi | 101089 | 0.35 |
40 | Lohar | 100680 | 0.35 |
41 | Bin | 96974 | 0.33 |
42 | Kumhar | 95724 | 0.33 |
43 | Sonar | 93380 | 0.32 |
44 | Chepang/Praja | 84364 | 0.29 |
45 | Ranatharu | 83308 | 0.29 |
46 | Danuwar | 82784 | 0.28 |
47 | Sunuwar | 78910 | 0.27 |
48 | Haluwai | 71796 | 0.25 |
49 | Baraee | 68011 | 0.23 |
50 | Bantar/Sardar | 61687 | 0.21 |
51 | Kahar | 59882 | 0.21 |
52 | Santhal | 57310 | 0.2 |
53 | Baniyan | 53655 | 0.18 |
54 | Kathabaniyan | 52466 | 0.18 |
55 | Badhaee/Badhee | 52437 | 0.18 |
56 | Oraon/Kudukh | 46840 | 0.16 |
57 | Rajput | 46577 | 0.16 |
58 | Amat | 46471 | 0.16 |
59 | Gangai | 41446 | 0.14 |
60 | Lodh | 39872 | 0.14 |
61 | Gaderi/Bhediyar | 35497 | 0.12 |
62 | Ghale | 35434 | 0.12 |
63 | Marwadi | 33803 | 0.12 |
64 | Kayastha | 33502 | 0.11 |
65 | Kulung | 33388 | 0.11 |
66 | Thami | 32743 | 0.11 |
67 | Bhumihar | 32199 | 0.11 |
68 | Rajbhar | 29240 | 0.1 |
69 | Rauniyar | 27258 | 0.09 |
70 | Dhimal | 25643 | 0.09 |
71 | Khawas | 22551 | 0.08 |
72 | Tajpuriya | 20989 | 0.07 |
73 | Kori | 20670 | 0.07 |
74 | Dom | 19901 | 0.07 |
75 | Mali | 19605 | 0.07 |
76 | Darai | 18695 | 0.06 |
77 | Yakkha | 17460 | 0.06 |
78 | Bhote | 15818 | 0.05 |
79 | Bantawa | 15719 | 0.05 |
80 | Rajdhob | 15391 | 0.05 |
81 | Dhunia | 15033 | 0.05 |
82 | Pahari | 15015 | 0.05 |
83 | Bangali | 13800 | 0.05 |
84 | Gondh/Gond | 12267 | 0.04 |
85 | Chamling | 12178 | 0.04 |
86 | Chhantyal/Chhantel | 11963 | 0.04 |
87 | Thakali | 11741 | 0.04 |
88 | Badi | 11470 | 0.04 |
89 | Bote | 11258 | 0.04 |
90 | Pun | 9827 | 0.03 |
91 | Hyolmo/Yholmopa | 9819 | 0.03 |
92 | Khatik | 9152 | 0.03 |
93 | Yamphu | 9111 | 0.03 |
94 | Kewarat | 8809 | 0.03 |
95 | Baram / Baramu | 7859 | 0.03 |
96 | Dev | 7418 | 0.03 |
97 | Nachhiring | 7300 | 0.03 |
98 | Gaine | 6971 | 0.02 |
99 | Bahing | 6547 | 0.02 |
100 | Thulung | 6239 | 0.02 |
101 | Jirel | 6031 | 0.02 |
102 | Khaling | 5889 | 0.02 |
103 | Aathpahariya | 5878 | 0.02 |
104 | Dolpo | 5818 | 0.02 |
105 | Sarbaria | 5793 | 0.02 |
106 | Mewahang | 5727 | 0.02 |
107 | Byasi/Sauka | 5718 | 0.02 |
108 | Dura | 5581 | 0.02 |
109 | Meche | 5193 | 0.02 |
110 | Raji | 5125 | 0.02 |
111 | Sampang | 4841 | 0.02 |
112 | Chai/Khulaut | 4805 | 0.02 |
113 | Chumba/Nubri | 4414 | 0.02 |
114 | Dhankar/ Dharikar | 4090 | 0.01 |
115 | Munda | 3589 | 0.01 |
116 | Lepcha | 3578 | 0.01 |
117 | Pattharkatta/ Kushwadiya | 3343 | 0.01 |
118 | Hayu | 3069 | 0.01 |
119 | Beldar | 3037 | 0.01 |
120 | Halkhor | 2929 | 0.01 |
121 | Natuwa | 2896 | 0.01 |
122 | Loharung | 2598 | 0.01 |
123 | Kamar | 2532 | 0.01 |
124 | Dhandi | 2339 | 0.01 |
125 | Done | 2125 | 0.01 |
126 | Mugal/Mugum | 2124 | 0.01 |
127 | Punjabi/Sikh | 1846 | 0.01 |
128 | Karmarong | 1663 | 0.01 |
129 | Chidimar | 1615 | 0.01 |
130 | Kisan | 1479 | 0.01 |
131 | Lhopa | 1390 | 0 |
132 | Kalar | 931 | 0 |
133 | Phree | 921 | 0 |
134 | Koche | 847 | 0 |
135 | Topkegola | 642 | 0 |
136 | Raute | 566 | 0 |
137 | Walung | 481 | 0 |
138 | Lhomi | 355 | 0 |
139 | Surel | 318 | 0 |
140 | Kusunda | 253 | 0 |
141 | Bankariya | 180 | 0 |
142 | Nurang | 36 | 0 |
Others | 5888 | 0.02 | |
Foreigner | 137407 | 0.47 | |
Not stated | 4436 | 0.02 |
Rank | Broad Ethnic Category | Sub-Category | Sub-Category
Percentage |
Linguistic family | Population
Percentage |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Khas-Arya
(Hill Group) |
Chhetri | 16.60% | Indo-Aryan | 39.37% |
Brahmin | 12.18% | ||||
Dalit | 8.12% | ||||
Thakuri | 1.61% | ||||
Sanyasis/Dashnami | 0.86% | ||||
2 | Janajatis | Hill: Sherpas, Tamangs, Magars, Ghale, Kirat (Rai, Limbu, Sunuwar), Gurungs etc. | 22.28% | Sino-Tibetan | 30.81% |
Terai: Tharu, Rajbanshi, Dhimal, etc. | 8.53% | Indo-Aryan, Austroasiatic, Sino-Tibetan languages | |||
3 | Newars | Newar (Middle) | 3.1% | Sino-Tibetan | 5.5% |
Newar (Low) | 0.4% | ||||
Newar (Buddhists) | 0.8% | ||||
Newar (Upper) | 1.1% | ||||
4 | Madhesi
(Terai Caste Group) |
Madhesi (Middle) | 9.97% | Indo-Aryan | 23.43% |
Madhesi (Dalit) | 4.50% | ||||
Madhesi (Nepali Muslims) | 4.39% | ||||
Madhesi (Low) | 3.86% | ||||
Madhesi (High) Maithili Brahmins, Rajput/Terai Kshetriya, Thakur, etc. | 2.5% | ||||
5 | Other | − | Indo-Aryan | 0.32% | |
6 | Undefined and Foreigners | − | − | − | 1.07% |
Total | 100% |
Religion
According to "National Report on caste/ethnicity, language & religion", National Population and Housing Census 2021 the number of religions adopted by the individuals in census 2021 and 2011 were as follows:[5]
Census 2021 | Census 2011 | |||||||
Religion | Population | Percent | Religion | Population | Percent | |||
Hindu | 23677744 | 81.19 | Hindu | 21551492 | 81.34 | |||
Bouddha | 2393549 | 8.21 | Bouddha | 2396099 | 9.04 | |||
Islam | 1483066 | 5.09 | Islam | 1162370 | 4.39 | |||
Kirat | 924204 | 3.17 | Kirat | 807169 | 3.05 | |||
Christian | 512313 | 1.76 | Christian | 375699 | 1.42 | |||
Prakrit | 102048 | 0.35 | Prakriti | 121982 | 0.46 | |||
Bon | 67223 | 0.23 | Bon | 13006 | 0.05 | |||
Jain | 2398 | 0.01 | Jain | 3214 | 0.01 | |||
Bahai | 537 | 0.00 | Bahai | 1283 | 0.00 | |||
Sikha | 1496 | 0.01 | Sikha | 609 | 0.00 | |||
Unidentified | - | - | Unidentified | 61581 | 0.23 | |||
Total | 29164578 | 100 | Total | 26494504 | 100 |
References
Footnotes
- ^ Pages 191/192 of the total pdf or pages 156/157 in the scanned material shows Nepalese castes/ethnic groups
Notes
- ^ National Statistics Office (2021). National Population and Housing Census 2021, Caste/Ethnicity Report. Government of Nepal (Report).
- ^ Mishra, Pramod (2020-08-26). "Endogamy, hierarchy and violence". The Kathmandu Post. Retrieved 2023-06-07.
- ^ a b c d "Population Monograph of Nepal Volume II (Social Demography)" (PDF).
- ^ Tumbahang, Govinda Bahadur (2010). "Marginalization of indigenous languages of Nepal". Contributions to Nepalese Studies. 37: 69 – via Expanded Academic.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "National Population and Housing Census 2021 National Report on Caste/ethnicity, Language & Religion" (PDF).
- ^ "Highlights" (PDF). OCHA Nepal Situation Overview (12). OCHA. April 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
- ^ "Highlights" (PDF). OCHA Nepal Situation Overview (16). OCHA. July–August 2007. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
- ^ "Highlights" (PDF). OCHA Nepal Situation Overview (30). OCHA. June–July 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 February 2010. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
- ^ Sharma, Hari (2010-11-18). "Body of murder victim found in Gulmi". Gulmi: The Himalayan Times online. Archived from the original on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 2011-05-07.
- ^ Hatlebakk, Magnus (2007). "Economic and social structures that may explain the recent conflicts in the Terai of Nepal" (PDF). Kathmandu: Norwegian Embassy. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-05-08.
- ^ "POPULATION MONOGRAPH OF NEPAL" (PDF). p. 191. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-18. Retrieved 2018-06-30.
- ^ "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF).
- ^ "Why the Madheshi Commission removed Muslims and Tharus from the list of Madheshis?".