Emilie Michaelis
Emilie Louise Michaelis | |
|---|---|
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| Born | 1834 |
| Died | 1904 |
| Nationality | German |
| Citizenship | British |
| Occupation(s) | Teacher, educationist |
| Organization | The Froebel Society (President) |
| Known for | Promotion of the ideas of Friedrich Fröbel |
Emilie Louise Michaelis (1834–1904)[1] was German-born pioneer of the kindergarten system in England, and a translator, editor, and promoter of Froebel's writings.[2] In 1875, she started one of the first English kindergartens in Croydon, London, and later a training college for teachers, which became Froebel College.[3] She was described as the 'chief exponent of Froebelianism in England'[4] and coined the phrase 'nursery school' in translation from Froebel.[5]
Life
Emilie Michaelis was born in Thuringia, Kingdom of Prussia, and was a pupil of Bertha von Marenholtz-Bülow, who had herself been a student of Friedrich Fröbel.[2]
Michaelis travelled to England in the 1870s, intending to promote the principles of kindergarten education.[2] In 1875, she was a founding member of the Froebel Society of London, on a committee which included Emily Shirreff, Maria Georgina Grey, Frances Buss, Beata Doreck, and Adelaide Manning.[6] She was president of the Society 1897–1900.[7]
In 1891, Michaelis started a kindergarten and training college for kindergarten teachers in Notting Hill, which became the Froebel Educational Institute in West Kensington.[2] The Froebel Educational Institute, on Talgarth Road, West Kensington, officially opened on 20 September 1894.[8] Emilie Michaelis was its first principal, retiring in 1901.[2] She was replaced as Principal by Esther Lawrence.[9] Following Michaelis's retirement, she continued to actively promote the values of Froebelian education, lecturing and examining widely.[4]
Emilie Michaelis died on 30 December 1904.[10]
References
- ^ "Emilie Michaelis (1834–1904), the First Principal of Froebel College (1892–1901) | Art UK". www.artuk.org. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
- ^ a b c d e "Kindergarten Pioneer: Death of Madame Michaelis". London Daily News. 3 January 1905.
- ^ "Froebel College | History". Roehampton University. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
- ^ a b "The Late Madame Michaelis". Westminster Gazette. 3 January 1905.
- ^ "Michaelis; Emilie (1834-1904); Madame; Educationalist". www.nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
- ^ Ellsworth, Edward W. (1979). Liberators of the female mind : the Shirreff sisters, educational reform, and the women's movement. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-20644-3.
- ^ Friedrich Froebel and English education. Lawrence, Evelyn. London. ISBN 978-0-203-13852-6. OCLC 1082225588.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ "Froebel College". aim25.com. Retrieved 2020-12-01.
- ^ "Esther Lawrence". Roehampton University. Retrieved 2023-02-18.
- ^ "Madame Michaelis". Child Life. 7: 63. 1905.
External links
- Froebel's Letters on the Kindergarten, edited and annotated by Emilie Michaelis (1891) at the Internet Archive
- Autobiography of Friedrich Froebel, translated by Emilie Michaelis at the Internet Archive
- Works by Emilie Michaelis at WorldCat
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