Ebenezer Mission

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At the upper left, a church and moving right a man with horses in front of a picket fence behind which are houses. At the bottom, thatched huts in front of a row of trees.
Ebenezer Mission, in 1882

Ebenezer Mission, also known as Wimmera mission, Hindmarsh mission and Dimboola mission,[1] was a mission station for Aboriginal people established near Lake Hindmarsh in Victoria, Australia (near Jeparit) in 1859 by the Moravian Church on the land of the Wotjobaluk. The first missionaries were two Germans, Reverend Friedrich Hagenauer and Reverend F.W. Spieseke (c. 1821–1877).[2] In 1861 the Victorian Colonial Government gazetted 1,897 acres (7.68 km2) as a reserve for the Ebenezer Mission Station. The mission was established a few years after the failure of the Moravian Lake Boga mission in Wemba-Wemba territory.

Horatio Cockburn Ellerman, an early settler who established Antwerp Station, suggested the site where the mission station was established rather than the three sites suggested by the Government. The site selected was known as "Banji bunag", and had traditional meaning for the Wotjobaluk, being a corroboree ground according to elder Uncle Jack Kennedy, and also contained the grave for an Aboriginal woman shot dead, the mother of William Wimmera.[3][4]

The main aim of the mission was to "civilise" and Christianise the Aboriginal inhabitants of the area. In 1860, the first convert to Christianity, Nathanael Pepper, was baptised.[5][6] Rations were given to residents on the condition that they attended church services and school.[7]

As a result of the Half-Caste Act 1886 which forced "half-caste" Aboriginal people off missions, by 1892 the number of residents at Ebenezer Mission Station had dropped to only 30 people.

In 1902 the State Government of Victoria decided to close the Ebenezer Mission due to low numbers. The mission closed in 1904, and most of the land was handed back to the Victorian Lands Department and made available for selection in 1905.[8]

In the following twenty years, many Wergaia people were forcibly moved to Lake Tyers Mission in Gippsland under police escort, along with closure of all rations to Ebenezer Mission and seizure of children. Despite these measures, some Wergaia families avoided relocation and remained on their ancestral lands.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Ebenezer (1859-1904)". German Missionaries in Australia. Retrieved 13 February 2020.
  2. ^ "The Ebenezer Mission Station". The Ballarat Star. Vol. XXII, no. 160. Victoria, Australia. 7 July 1877. p. 3. Retrieved 5 August 2017 – via National Library of Australia.
  3. ^ Robert Kenny, pg 134-145, The Lamb Enters the Dreaming - Nathaniel Pepper and the Ruptured World, Scribe Publications, Melbourne, 2007. ISBN 978-1-921215-16-2
  4. ^ a b Ian D. Clark, pp177-183, Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859, Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0-85575-281-5
  5. ^ Robert Kenny, The Lamb Enters the Dreaming - Nathaniel Pepper and the Ruptured World, Scribe Publications, Melbourne, 2007. ISBN 978-1-921215-16-2
  6. ^ Ebenezer Mission at German Australia
  7. ^ Ebenezer Mission History Archived 2007-06-09 at the Wayback Machine at ABC Mission Voices
  8. ^ "The Ebenezer Mission Station". The Bendigo Independent. No. 10782. Victoria, Australia. 13 February 1905. p. 1. Retrieved 5 August 2017 – via National Library of Australia.

Further reading

  • "Ebenezer (1859-1904)". German Missionaries in Australia. – very detailed overview.
  • "Royal Commission on the Aborigines: Report of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the present condition of the Aborigines of this colony, and to advise as to the best means of caring for, and dealing with them, in the future" (PDF). 1877 – via AIATSIS.
  • Blake, Leslie James (1967); "Education at Ebenezer"; The Education Magazine; Vol 24, No 1; Feb 1967, pp 37–48
  • Brown, Anne (1992); "Ebenezer Dreaming"; Site; no 13; pp 12–14
  • Christie, MF (1979); Aborigines in Colonial Victoria, 1835-86; University of Sydney Press, Sydney.
  • Clark, ID (1990); Aboriginal Languages and Clans; An Historical Atlas of Western and Central Victoria, 1800-1900; Monash Publications in Geography, Melbourne
  • Edwards, Bill (1999); Moravian Aboriginal Missions in Australia 1850-1919; Adelaide
  • Fels, Marie Hansen (1998); A History of the Ebenezer Mission; Melbourne
  • Harris, J (1994); One Blood: 200 Years of Aboriginal Encounter with Christianity: a Story of Hope; Albatross Books, Sutherland
  • Jensz, Felicity (2008); "Imperial critics: Moravian missionaries in the British colonial world"; in Evangelists of Empire? Missionaries in Colonial History; Amanda Barry, Joanna Cruickshank, Andrew Brown-May and Patricia Grimshaw (eds), University of Melbourne eScholarship Research Centre, Melbourne.
  • Jensz, Felicity (2001); Missionaries: Ebenezer Mission, 1859-1904, near Antwerp, western Victoria.
  • Longmire, A (1985), Nine Creeks to Albacutya: a History of the Shire of Dimboola; Hargreen Publishing and Shire of Dimboola, Melbourne
  • Lydon, Jane (2009); Fantastic Dreaming: the Archaeology of an Aboriginal Mission; AltaMira Press, Maryland USA
  • Massola, Aldo (1970); "History of Ebenezer Mission Station"; Aboriginal Mission Stations in Victoria; The Hawthorn Press (Melbourne); pp 31–62
  • Massola, Aldo (1966); The Aborigines of the Mallee; Melbourne
  • McKenzie, Janet (1983); Ebenezer; Blackwood
  • Rhodes, David (1998); An Archaeological Report on the Ebenezer Mission Station; Melbourne
  • Robertson, Susan (1988); "Nathaniel Pepper of Ebenezer, Chapter 1: Ebenezer is Founded"; The Aim; Vol 22, No 2; pp 6–7
  • Robertson, Susan (1992); The Bell Sounds Pleasantly: Ebenezer Mission Station; Doncaster; (Revised Edition)
  • Werner, A.B. (1964); Early Mission Work at Antwerp; 2.Ed; Dimboola
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