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models, controlling for a variable means binning data according to measured values of the variable. This is typically done so that the variable can no...

In regression analysis, a dummy variable (also known as indicator variable or just dummy) is one that takes a binary value (0 or 1) to indicate the absence...

medical statistics), "feature" (in machine learning and pattern recognition) or "input variable". In econometrics, the term "control variable" is usually...

In statistics, a proxy or proxy variable is a variable that is not in itself directly relevant, but that serves in place of an unobservable or immeasurable...

In mathematics, a variable (from Latin variabilis, "changeable") is a symbol that represents a mathematical object. A variable may represent a number,...

Multivariate statistics is a subdivision of statistics encompassing the simultaneous observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable, i.e., multivariate...

In statistics, a categorical variable (also called qualitative variable) is a variable that can take on one of a limited, and usually fixed, number of...

In mathematics and statistics, a quantitative variable may be continuous or discrete if they are typically obtained by measuring or counting, respectively...

control is an experiment or observation designed to minimize the effects of variables other than the independent variable (i.e. confounding variables)...

causal inference, a confounder is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable, causing a spurious association. Confounding...

relationship between the two variables. Applied statistics, sometimes referred to as Statistical science, comprises descriptive statistics and the application...

in mathematical logic and related domains and binary variable in statistics. A discrete variable that can take only one state contains zero information...

independent variable and a dependent variable via the inclusion of a third hypothetical variable, known as a mediator variable (also a mediating variable, intermediary...

In statistics, bad controls are variables that introduce an unintended discrepancy between regression coefficients and the effects that said coefficients...

In statistics, a spurious relationship or spurious correlation is a mathematical relationship in which two or more events or variables are associated...

A random variable (also called random quantity, aleatory variable, or stochastic variable) is a mathematical formalization of a quantity or object which...

In statistics and regression analysis, moderation (also known as effect modification) occurs when the relationship between two variables depends on a...

reflecting the comparative importance of the predictor variables." In mathematical statistics, a random variable X is standardized by subtracting its expected...

and beta (β), that appear as exponents of the variable and its complement to 1, respectively, and control the shape of the distribution. The beta distribution...

and statistics, a normal distribution or Gaussian distribution is a type of continuous probability distribution for a real-valued random variable. The...