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that is used as an appeal to emotion, and therefore may become a logical fallacy. Art, Argument, and Advocacy (2002) argued that the appeal substitutes...

A straw man fallacy (sometimes written as strawman) is the informal fallacy of refuting an argument different from the one actually under discussion,...

question or assuming the conclusion (Latin: petītiō principiī) is an informal fallacy that occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion...

The motte-and-bailey fallacy (named after the motte-and-bailey castle) is a form of argument and an informal fallacy where an arguer conflates two positions...

material fallacies, cognitive fallacies, and formal fallacies, special pleading most likely falls within the category of a cognitive fallacy, because...

The package-deal fallacy (also known as false conjunction) is the logical fallacy of assuming that things often grouped together by tradition or culture...

Appeal to the stone, also known as argumentum ad lapidem, is a logical fallacy that dismisses an argument as untrue or absurd. The dismissal is made by...

probably wrong. G. I. Joe fallacy, the tendency to think that knowing about cognitive bias is enough to overcome it. Gambler's fallacy, the tendency to think...

optimism, attention and environment. This concept has been examined as a fallacy. It is related to the concept of wishful seeing. Some psychologists believe...

greater levels of justice. Delgado and Stefancic call this the empathic fallacy—the belief that it is possible to "control our consciousness" by using...

article published in Nature in 1978, Davis coined the term "moralistic fallacy" after calls for ethical guidelines to control the study of what could...

propaganda. Many of these same techniques can be found under logical fallacies, since propagandists use arguments that, while sometimes convincing, are...

distracting. In another essay, "The Affective Fallacy", which served as a kind of sister essay to "The Intentional Fallacy" Wimsatt and Beardsley also discounted...

Whataboutism at Fallacy Check Whataboutism at Merriam-Webster Ad hominem Antanagoge Character assassination Clean hands Discrediting tactic Fallacy of relative...

that term (in all arguments). He named this confusion the naturalistic fallacy. For example, an ethical argument may claim that if an item has certain...

Anarchism – Political philosophy and movement Argumentum ad populum – Fallacy of claiming the majority is always correct Authoritarian personality –...

Angeles, CA: Sage Publishers. ISBN 9-781412-946513 Cattell, R.B. (1995). The fallacy of five factors in the personality sphere. The Psychologist, 8, 207-208...

Communications Act of 1934. Personal attacks are generally considered a fallacy when used in arguments since they do not attempt to debunk the opposing...

for the near and distant future can be explained by CLT. The planning fallacy describes how people tend to not consciously think through the future in...

known in the profession with his first published paper, "The Naturalistic Fallacy", Mind, 1939. During World War II, Frankena taught American history at...