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not causal relationships or causal interactions, but rather identifying causal processes. The former notions can then be defined in terms of causal processes...

In mathematical physics, the causal structure of a Lorentzian manifold describes the causal relationships between points in the manifold. In modern physics...

effect occurred in Aristotle's Physics. Causal inference is an example of causal reasoning. Causal relationships may be understood as a transfer of force...

symbols. Causal notation is notation used to express cause and effect. In nature and human societies, many phenomena have causal relationships where one...

models representing causal relationships within an individual system or population. They facilitate inferences about causal relationships from statistical...

supposedly causal relationships in cases where they believe a causal relationship exists. Theorists can presuppose a mechanism believed to be causal and describe...

correlations do not represent causal relationships unless spurious relationships can be ruled out. In experiments, spurious relationships can often be identified...

corresponds to Aristotle's material cause. The figure shows the causal relationships among the categories of explanations. The left-hand side represents...

to infer causal relationships between the independent and dependent variables. Importantly, regressions by themselves only reveal relationships between...

Angrist "for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships." Their work focused on natural experiments, which can offer empirical...

confounding effects and does not capture instantaneous and non-linear causal relationships, though several extensions have been proposed to address these issues...

A logical clock is a mechanism for capturing chronological and causal relationships in a distributed system. Often, distributed systems may have no physically...

all maintain varying conceptions on the nature of causality and causal relationships. Similarly, a multiplicity of causes have led to the distinction...

epidemiology, genetics and related disciplines, causal graphs (also known as path diagrams, causal Bayesian networks or DAGs) are probabilistic graphical...

ideal. Experimental research is the best approach for determining causal relationships between variables. The potential problem with using this as an evaluation...

In statistics, correlation or dependence is any statistical relationship, whether causal or not, between two random variables or bivariate data. Although...

methods at making statements about causal relationships between variables. The authors then describe what they term 'The Causal Revolution', which started in...

down, and we know the causal relationships between messages, then we can replay those messages and respect the causal relationship to get that node back...

that, in order for the partitioned data to represent the correct causal relationships between any two variables, X {\displaystyle X} and Y {\displaystyle...

educated, informed assertions about which relationships are causal, and about exactly how they are causal. Epidemiologists emphasize that the "one cause...