Bird Island, Seychelles

Bird Island
Nickname: Île aux Vaches
	Aerial view of Bird Island
	Bird Island Location of Bird Island in Seychelles
Geography
Location	Seychelles
Coordinates	03°43′13″S 55°12′13″E / 3.72028°S 55.20361°E
Archipelago	Inner Islands, Seychelles
Adjacent to	Indian Ocean
Total islands	1
Major islands	Bird Island;
Area	0.94 km2 (0.36 sq mi)
Length	1.77 km (1.1 mi)
Width	0.75 km (0.466 mi)
Coastline	4.46 km (2.771 mi)
Administration
	Seychelles
Group	Inner Islands
Sub-Group	Northern Coral Group
Districts	La Digue and Inner Islands
Largest settlement	Bird Island Village (pop. 38)
Demographics
Population	38 (2014)
Pop. density	40.4/km2 (104.6/sq mi)
Ethnic groups	Creole, French, East Africans, Indians.
Additional information
Time zone	SCT (UTC+4);
ISO code	SC-15
Official website	www.birdislandseychelles.com

Bird Island is the northernmost island in the Seychelles archipelago, 100 km from Mahe. The 0.94 km² coral island is known for its birdlife, including sooty terns, fairy terns and common noddies, and for hawksbill and green turtles. It is now a private resort with 7 chalet-villas^[1] It also contains a small weather station and a small landing strip Bird Island Airport which connects the island with Mahe.

Bird Island used to be known as "Île aux Vaches"^[2] due to the numerous dugongs (sea cows) that lived in nearby waters. Between 1896 and 1906, 17,000 tons of guano was removed from the island and exported to Mauritius as fertilizer. The island has been a coconut plantation, and for growing cash crops such as papaya and cotton.

In 1808, the French ship Hirondelle sank on a cliff off the northeast coast of Bird Island. Half of the 180 people on board died. The other half reached Bird Island. Six of them managed to reach Mahé. The others were then rescued and shifted to Mahé.^[3] In 1882, a passing British ship found two Africans living on the island, salting fish and birds in what must have been the loneliest of existences.^[3]

Since 1967 it has been privately owned by a Seychellois accountant named Guy Savy. Conservation measures have taken place such protection of birdlife and hawksbill turtle nesting sites, the eradication of feral rats and rabbits and the translocation of a population of Seychelles sunbird.

Bird Island is named in honour of its spectacular colony of around 700,000 pairs of sooty tern that nest on the island. The birds arrive from late March, laying eggs in May and remaining until October before leaving the island. Another phenomenon especially in October to December arises from the geographical location of Bird Island on the northern edge of the Seychelles Bank. This means it is the first landfall for migratory Eurasian birds and Seychelles Bird Records Committee has recorded here many species new to the country.

The world's biggest and heaviest free-roaming tortoise, Esmeralda, lives on this island. It weighs over 670 pounds (304kg) and is thought to be as much as 170 years old.^[4] Esmeralda was named by Lyall Watson.