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some algae, plants, animals, and fungi. Eukaryotic cells contain organelles including mitochondria, which provide energy for cell functions, chloroplasts...

the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. The lifespan of most cells is genetically...

reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Animals form a clade, meaning that they arose from a single...

mitochondrion (pl. mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi. Mitochondria have a double membrane...

fertilisation, a diploid cell (the zygote) is formed, which rapidly grows into a new organism. While the non-mammalian animal egg was obvious, the doctrine...

onset, the cell may undergo cytokinesis. In animal cells, a cell membrane pinches inward between the two developing nuclei to produce two new cells. In plant...

an animal cell cycle—the division of the mother cell into two genetically identical daughter cells. To ensure proper progression through the cell cycle...

daughter cells in a process called cell division. In eukaryotic cells (having a cell nucleus) including animal, plant, fungal, and protist cells, the cell cycle...

Sclerocyte     Spicule     Water flow Choanocytes (also known as "collar cells") are cells that line the interior of asconoid, syconoid and leuconoid body types...

nucleus in many cells typically occupies 10% of the cell volume.: 178  The nucleus is the largest organelle in animal cells.: 12  In human cells, the diameter...

in a human–animal hybrid, each cell has both human and non-human genetic material. It is in contrast to an individual where some cells are human and...

center (MTOC) of the animal cell, as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. The centrosome provides structure for the cell. The centrosome is thought...

A muscle cell, also known as a myocyte, is a mature contractile cell in the muscle of an animal. In humans and other vertebrates there are three types:...

as a relatively stable, ground value of transmembrane voltage in animal and plant cells. Because the membrane permeability for potassium is much higher...

membrane-bound organelle which is present in plant and fungal cells and some protist, animal, and bacterial cells. Vacuoles are essentially enclosed compartments which...

cells (see syncytium). Plant cytokinesis differs from animal cytokinesis, partly because of the rigidity of plant cell walls. Instead of plant cells forming...

biosynthesized by all animal cells and is an essential structural and signaling component of animal cell membranes. In vertebrates, hepatic cells typically produce...

pressure and mechanical stress. While absent in many eukaryotes, including animals, cell walls are prevalent in other organisms such as fungi, algae and plants...

provide contact or adhesion between neighboring cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix in animals. They also maintain the paracellular barrier...

shown to have very high concentrations of iron in contrast to human and animal cell nucleoli. The nucleolus ultrastructure can be seen through an electron...