Alabama sturgeon
| Alabama sturgeon | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Acipenseriformes |
| Family: | Acipenseridae |
| Genus: | Scaphirhynchus |
| Species: | S. suttkusi
|
| Binomial name | |
| Scaphirhynchus suttkusi | |
The Alabama sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi) is a species of sturgeon native to the United States of America and now only believed to exist in 130 miles (210 km) of the lower Alabama River.[5] The fish has a distinctive yellowish-orange color, grows to a size of about 30 in (76 cm) long and 2 to 3 lb (0.9–1.4 kg), and is believed to have a lifespan of 12 to 20 years. Biologists have known of the fish since the 1950s or 1960s, but the large diversity of aquatic species in Alabama prevented formal identification until 1991.
Protected status controversy
The Alabama sturgeon was first proposed for protected status in the early 1990s, although by then the fish was already so rare its survival was uncertain. The sturgeon's protection was opposed by a variety of industries located along Alabama's rivers for the feared economic impact. The opponents' main arguments were that it was already extinct or that it was not a distinct species. In response to this opposition, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ceased efforts to place the fish on the Endangered Species List. Then Ray Vaughan, an environmental lawyer in Montgomery, Alabama, sued the Service and, in 2000, won, requiring Fish and Wildlife to list the fish for protection.[5]
Recent efforts
In 1993, state and federal biologists began a program to help save the Alabama sturgeon through a captive breeding program. Unfortunately, only six fish have been captured since then, all male. The last fish held in captivity died in 2002. The most recent specimen was captured in April 2007. After determining the fish was a male, sperm were collected, a small tracking device implanted, and it was released once it had fully healed.[6] [7] It was hoped that the tagged fish would lead to others of its species, but in a year of tracking to date, this has not happened.[8]
In May 2008, the Fish and Wildlife Service proposed designating 245 miles (394 km) of the Alabama River and 81 miles (130 km) of the lower portion of its tributary, the Cahaba River, as critical habitat for the fish. Although the rivers are dammed at multiple locations, management of the river flows is expected to continue unchanged. In July 2009, fish researchers lost contact with the only known live Alabama sturgeon. The fish had been given an electronic tracking device in hopes that the fish would lead them to other members of the species, but the device stopped working.
In August 2013, the Fish and Wildlife Service released the "Recovery Plan for the Alabama Sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus suttkusi)".[9] It includes a plan to establish a captive stock that can produce fingerlings to be released back into the wild and to improve the habitat in the Alabama River through operational changes at Claiborne and Millers Ferry Lock and Dams.[10]
Studies from 2014 and 2015 indicated that despite the very few sightings over the last decade, the species is still extant. This is due to numerous traces of recent Alabama sturgeon DNA (environmental DNA) found in water samples gathered from the river.[11]
References
- ^ Kuhajda, B.; Rider, S. (2022). "Scaphirhynchus suttkusi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T19942A81759618. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T19942A81759618.en. Retrieved 6 March 2023.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D. (2017). "Acipenseridae". FishBase version (02/2017). Retrieved 18 May 2017.
- ^ Van Der Laan, Richard; Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ronald (11 November 2014). "Family-group names of Recent fishes". Zootaxa. 3882 (1): 1–230. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1. PMID 25543675.
- ^ a b Bouma, Katherine (2007-04-05). "Alabama sturgeon caught in Wilcox, raises hopes for possible breeding". The Birmingham News. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
- ^ Bouma, Katherine (2007-04-06). "Alabama sturgeon a male, to be freed carrying tracker". The Birmingham News. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
- ^ Bouma, Katherine (2007-04-18). "Biologists hope tagged sturgeon will lead to others". The Birmingham News. Archived from the original on 2007-09-30. Retrieved 2007-04-06.
- ^ Reilly, Sean (2008-05-27). "'Critical habitat' set for sturgeon". (Mobile, Alabama) Press-Register. Archived from the original on 2012-09-27. Retrieved 2014-01-20.
- ^ "Agency makes plans to save Alabama sturgeon". Montgomery Advertiser. 2007-08-07. Archived from the original on 2013-08-14. Retrieved 2014-01-20.
- ^ "Alabama Sturgeon Recovery Plan Released". WTVY.com. 2013-08-06. Archived from the original on 2014-02-01. Retrieved 2013-08-14.
- ^ "How Fish Forensics Uncovered the Long-Lost Alabama Sturgeon". Atlas Obscura. 2016-09-08. Retrieved 2018-05-13.
External links
- Alabama sturgeon page Archived 2013-02-16 at the Wayback Machine of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Endangered Species Program site
- Alabama Sturgeon of the Mobile basin at the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
- WKRG News 5 - Scientists lose contact with lone Alabama sturgeon via the Internet Archive Wayback machine
- "Scaphirhynchus suttkusi". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 6 April 2007.
- Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Scaphirhynchus suttkusi". FishBase. April 2007 version.