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In the United States, affirmative action consists of government-mandated, government-approved, and voluntary private programs granting special consideration...

Affirmative action (also sometimes called reservations, alternative access, positive discrimination or positive action in various countries' laws and...

600 U.S. 181 (2023), is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in which the court held that race-based affirmative action programs...

Affirmative Action Around the World: An Empirical Study is a 2004 nonfiction work by economist Thomas Sowell. Already known as a critic of affirmative...

In the People's Republic of China, the government had instated affirmative action policies for ethnic minorities called preferential policy (simplified...

An affirmative action bake sale is a type of campus protest event used by student groups to performatively criticize affirmative action policies by charging...

Affirmative action refers to activities or policies that seek to help groups that are often affected by discrimination obtain equal access to opportunities...

Chinese for Affirmative Action (CAA) is a San Francisco–based advocacy organization. Founded in 1969, its initial goals were equality of access to employment...

affirmative action laws in the 1980s, equality and affirmative action professionals employed by US firms along with equality consultants, engaged in establishing...

was the first electoral test of affirmative action policies in North America. It passed with 55% in favor to 45% opposed, thereby banning affirmative action...

Schuette v. BAMN, 572 U.S. 291 (2014), was a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of the United States concerning affirmative action and race- and sex-based...

is the concept that affirmative action and similar color-conscious programs for redressing racial inequality are forms of anti-white racism. The concept...

excuse their otherwise wrongful actions, or otherwise overcomes the plaintiff's claim. In criminal law, an affirmative defense is sometimes called a justification...

The Coalition to Defend Affirmative Action, Integration & Immigrant Rights, and Fight for Equality By Any Means Necessary, commonly shortened to By Any...

religion, sex or national origin." The phrase affirmative action had appeared previously in Executive Order 10925 in 1961. It followed up Executive Order...

violating the Constitution. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. However, the court ruled...

The Coate–Loury model of affirmative action was developed by Stephen Coate and Glenn Loury in 1993. The model seeks to answer the question of whether...

than a racial justice one. Affirmative action is a highly contentious issue in the US that has received significant backlash in recent years. Theorists argue...

affirmative action. Affirmative action legislation has led to substantial improvements in the employment of minorities and women. While affirmative action...

404 U.S. 854 (1971). From Google Scholar. Retrieved on February 8, 2014. Golland, David Hamilton (2011). Constructing Affirmative Action: The Struggle...