Attari–Wagah border ceremony

Attari–Wagah border ceremony
Attari–Wagah border ceremony
	Wagah border Pakistan side
	The ceremony takes place on the border between Attari, India and Wagah, Pakistan but technically it is on Hardo Rattan land as Attari village ends 3km before the Border although it is the last Railway Station of India.
Genre	Military display
Dates	Every day
Location(s)	India-Pakistan border, more specifically, Hardo Rattan, and Wagah
Coordinates	31°36′17″N 74°34′23″E / 31.60464°N 74.57310°E
Years active	Since 1959 (65 years ago)
Founded	Border Security Force and Pakistan Rangers

The lowering of the flags ceremony at the Attari–Wagah border is a daily ceremony that the security forces of India (Border Security Force) and Pakistan (Pakistan Rangers) have jointly followed since 1959.^[2] The drill is characterized by elaborate and rapid dance-like manoeuvres and raising legs as high as possible, which have been described as "colourful".^[2] It is both a symbol of the two countries’ rivalry, and a display of brotherhood and cooperation between the two nations.

Similar parades are organised at the Mahavir/Sadqi border near Fazilka, and the Hussainiwala/Ganda Singh Wala border near Firozpur.

Overview

This ceremony takes place at the Attari–Wagah border, which is part of the Grand Trunk Road. Prior to the opening of the Aman Setu in Kashmir in 1999, it was the only road link between these two countries. It is called a Beating Retreat border ceremony on the international level.

The ceremony starts every evening immediately before sunset with a blustering parade by the soldiers from both sides, and ends with the perfectly coordinated lowering of the two nations' flags.^[3] One infantryman stands at attention on each side of the gate. As the sun sets, the iron gates at the border are opened and the two flags are lowered simultaneously. The flags are then folded, and the ceremony ends with a retreat that involves a brusque handshake between soldiers from either side, followed by the closing of the gates again. The spectacle of the ceremony attracts many visitors from both sides of the border, as well as international tourists.^[3] In 2010, the ceremony was made less hostile by both sides; the ceremony now includes a handshake and a smile.^[4]^[5] In October 2010, Major General Yaqub Ali Khan of the Pakistan Rangers decided that the aggressive aspect of the ceremonial theatrics should be toned down. The soldiers of this ceremony are specially appointed and trained for this auspicious ceremony. They also have a beard and moustache policy for which they are paid additionally.^{[citation needed]}

2014 suicide attack

On 2 November 2014, approximately 60 people were killed and at least 110 people were injured in a suicide attack on the Pakistan side of Attari–Wagah border. An 18 to 20-year-old attacker detonated a 25 kg (55 lb) explosive in his vest 600 metres (2,000 ft) from the crossing point in the evening right after the Attari–Wagah border ceremony ended.^[6]^[7]

2016 tensions

After the India–Pakistan military confrontation on 29 September 2016, the border closing ceremony continued, but on the Indian side public attendance was denied on the evenings between 29 September and 8 October 2016.^[8] As a sign of the increased tensions, the BSF did not exchange sweets and greetings with Pakistani Rangers on Diwali 2016, despite a long tradition of doing so on major religious festivals like Bakr-Eid and Diwali, and also during Independence Days of both countries.^[9]

Other places

Similar border ceremonies by the Pakistan Rangers and Border Security Force just before sunset is also carried out at other India–Pakistan border posts, such as the:

Ganda Singh Wala, Kasur district (Pakistani side) / Hussainiwala, Firozpur district (Indian side)^[10]^[11]

Sulemanki, Okara district (Pakistani side) / Sadqi, Fazilka district (Indian side).^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

As at the Attari–Wagah border, border soldiers from both sides intimidate each other by throwing high kicks and by staring, and the ceremonies are concluded by a simultaneous flag or beating retreat. These ceremonies occur in smaller settings, and spectators tend to be local Punjabis rather than tourists from other regions in India, Pakistan, and other countries. The method of drill and parade is also quite different compared to the one in the Wagah-Attari border.