Draft:Arylacetamide deacetylase like 2
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Submission declined on 30 July 2024 by CFA (talk). Please see Bobby Cohn's comment. The images should be removed. Please also see "Wikipedia is not a database". Large tables of values providing insufficient context to readers are not encyclopedic.
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Comment: Pictures showing the full sequence length are not encyclopedic and not necessary in the article. See MOS:IMAGES for more information. Bobby Cohn (talk) 22:01, 29 July 2024 (UTC)
Arylacetamide Deacetylase Like 2, also known as AADACL2, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the AADACL2 gene.
Gene
The AADACL2 gene consists of 27413 nucleotides..[1] with an mRNA of approximately 5060 base pairs.[2] There are five exons found in the AADACL2 gene.[2] AADACL2 is found to function in catalytic activity, hydrolase activity, and found to enable carboxylic ester hydrolase activity.[3]
mRNA
The chromosomal band location of AADACL2 is 3q25.1[4] and is located on the plus strand of the DNA.
Protein
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/2D-Structure_of_AADACL2.png/220px-2D-Structure_of_AADACL2.png)
AADACL2 in humans is 401 amino acids long.[5] with a predicted molecular weight of 46 kDa.[6] The isoelectric point of AADACL2 is 7.2.[7] The AADACL2 protein contains two domains, Abhydrolase_3, that spans nearly the entire protein. Along with an intermediate domain which is Involved in the stabilization of the negatively charged intermediate by the formation of the oxyanion hole.[5] Both of which are found to be conserved amongst orthologs.
Localization
Human AADACL2 is predicted to be localized in the endoplasmic reticulum.[8]
Expression
AADACL2 is tissue specific. AADACL2 is expressed at a very high level in skin tissues.[4] It is found to express at low levels in placenta, esophagus, small intestine and colon[4]. It is also found in circular RNA induction during fetal development at higher levels at the intestines at 10 weeks and 20 weeks.[4]
Tertiary structure
The protein AADACL2 was found to be composed of both alpha helices along with beta barrels.[9]
Evolution
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Corrected_Sequence_Divergence_vs._Median_Date_of_Divergence_%28AADACL2%29.png/220px-Corrected_Sequence_Divergence_vs._Median_Date_of_Divergence_%28AADACL2%29.png)
The protein encoded by AADACL2[5] evolves slower than the fibrinogen alpha[10] protein but faster than the protein cytochrome c.[11]
Paralogs
Paralogs of AADACL2 include: AADAC (Arylacetamide Deacetylase), NCEH1 (Neutral Cholesterol Ester Hydrolase 1), AADACL3 (Arylacetamide Deacetylase Like 3), AADACL4 (Arylacetamide Deacetylase Like 4), and AFMID (Arylformamidase).[3]
Orthologs
Arylacetamide Deacetylase like 2 is found only in mammals. AADACL2 is not found in fish, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. Arylacetamide Deacetylase like 2 is found in the following mammals: primates, flying lemurs, bats, rabbits & hares, rodents, insectivores, afrotheria, carnivores, even-toed ungulates, and odd-toed ungulates. Arylacetamide Deacetylase like 2 was approximately found to have first appeared in afrotheria 99 million years ago.
AADACL2 | Genus and Species | Common Name | Taxonomic Group | Median Date of Divergence (MYA) | Protein Accession # | Protein Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity to Human Protein (%) | Sequence Similarity to Human Protein (%) |
Primates | Homo sapiens | Human | Primates | 0 | NP_997248.2 | 401 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Macaca mulatta | Rhesus monkey | Primates | 28.8 | XP_001106757.2 | 401 | 98 | 99.3 | |
Rhinopithecus roxellana | Golden snub-nosed monkey | Primates | 28.8 | XP_010370407.2 | 401 | 97.3 | 99.0 | |
Sapajus apella | Tufted capuchin | Primates | 43 | XP_032118900.1 | 401 | 94 | 96.3 | |
Aotus nancymaae | Nancy Ma's monkey | Primates | 43 | XP_012292432.2 | 401 | 94.5 | 96.5 | |
Microcebus murinus | Gray mouse lemur | Primates | 74 | XP_012646764.1 | 402 | 72.1 | 81.8 | |
Flying Lemurs | Cynocephalus volans | Philippine flying lemur | Dermoptera | 74 | XP_062934601.1 | 401 | 82.5 | 89.0 |
Bats | Rhinolophus ferrumequinum | Greater Horseshoe Bat | Bats | 94 | XP_032991506.1 | 401 | 81.0 | 87.8 |
Pteropus alecto | Black flying fox | Chiroptera | 94 | XP_006926324.1 | 343 | 50.5 | 63.6 | |
Rabbits & Hares | Ochotona princeps | American Pika | Lagomorpha | 87 | XP_004598151.2 | 401 | 80.5 | 88.3 |
Rodents | Octodon degus | Degu | Rodentia | 87 | XP_004643988.1 | 401 | 80.0 | 89.0 |
Mus musculus | Mouse | Rodentia | 87 | NP_001121563 | 401 | 79.1 | 89.5 | |
Marmota monax | Woodchuck | Rodentia | 87 | XP_046287168.1 | 401 | 65.1 | 78.1 | |
Insectivores | Condylura cristata | Star-nosed Mole | Eulipotyphla | 94 | XP_004682396.1 | 401 | 78.8 | 86.3 |
Afrotheria | Trichechus manatus latirostris | Florida Manatee | Sirenia | 99 | XP_004379276.3 | 402 | 78.4 | 88.1 |
Elephas maximus indicus | Indian Elephant | Proboscideans | 99 | XP_049723395.1 | 402 | 78.1 | 86.8 | |
Carnivores | Lontra canadensis | Northern American River Otter | Carnivora | 94 | XP_032708555.1 | 401 | 75.1 | 84.0 |
Phoca vitulina | Harbor Seal | Carnivora | 94 | XP_032265082.1 | 400 | 73.8 | 82.0 | |
Ursus maritimus | Polar Bear | Carnivora | 94 | XP_008705296.2 | 401 | 73.6 | 83.3 | |
Mustela putorius furo | Domestic Ferret | Carnivora | 94 | XP_004755622.1 | 401 | 73.6 | 82.5 | |
Canis lupus dingo | Dingo | Carnivora | 94 | XP_025291970.3 | 403 | 73.4 | 81.9 | |
Ailuropoda melanoleuca | Giant Panda | Carnivora | 94 | XP_002916395.1 | 397 | 72.1 | 81.0 | |
Odobenus rosmarus divergens | Pacific Walrus | Carnivora | 94 | XP_004405057.1 | 400 | 70.3 | 80.5 | |
Even-Toed Ungulates | Hippopotamus amphibius kiboko | Common Hippopotamus | Artiodactyls | 94 | XP_057593784.1 | 416 | 70.0 | 79.4 |
Camelus dromedarius | Arabian Camel | Artiodactyls | 94 | XP_010985013.1 | 401 | 63.8 | 78.1 | |
Odd-Toed Ungulates | Equus caballus | Horse | Perissodactyla | 94 | XP_014587028.1 | 587 | 49.6 | 56.6 |
Clinical significance
Allergic contact dermatitis exposed to a nickel allergy, indicates that there is lower presence in the AADACL2 RNA when exposed to a nickel allergy versus the non-allergic control.[12] Arylacetamide deacetylase-like 2 was found to be in the top fifty skin enriched genes, and was predicted to contain a signal peptide and function as a secreted protein.[13]
References
- ^ "UCSC Genome Browser". University of California Santa Cruz: Human BLAT Search- BLAT Search Genome.
- ^ a b "Homo sapiens arylacetamide deacetylase like 2 (AADACL2), mRNA". National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information. June 2024.
- ^ a b "Gene - Arylacetamide Deacetylase Like 2". Gene Cards: The Human Gene Database.
- ^ a b c d "AADACL2 arylacetamide deacetylase like 2 [Homo sapiens (human)]". National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- ^ a b c "Arylacetamide Deacetylase-like 2 precursor [Homo sapiens]". National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- ^ "Protein Molecular Weight". Bioinformatics.org: Protein Molecular Weight.
- ^ "Compute pI/Mw". Expasy: Swiss Bioinformatics Resource Portal.
- ^ "PSORT II Prediction". PSORT WWW Server.
- ^ "NCBI Domains & Structures". National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- ^ "Fibrinogen Alpha Chain Isoform Alpha Precursor [Homo sapiens]". National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- ^ "Cytochrome c [Homo sapiens]". National Library of Medicine- National Center for Biotechnology Information.
- ^ Pedersen, MB; et al. (November 2007). "Gene expression time course in the human skin during elicitation of allergic contact dermatitis". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 127 (11): 2585–2595. doi:10.1038/sj.jid.5700902. PMID 17597826. Retrieved 25 July 2024.
- ^ Per-Henrik, D.; et al. (November 19, 2014). "Expression of Human Skin-Specific Genes Defined by Transcriptomics and Antibody-Based Profiling". Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry. 63 (2): 129–141. doi:10.1369/0022155414562646. PMC 4305515. PMID 25411189. Retrieved 25 July 2024.