Divers Alert Network

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International Divers Alert Network
AbbreviationIDAN
Subsidiaries
  • DAN Asia Pacific
  • DAN Europe
  • DAN Japan
  • DAN Southern Africa

Divers Alert Network (DAN) is a group of not-for-profit organisations dedicated to improving diving safety for all divers. It was founded in Durham, North Carolina, USA in 1980 at Duke University providing 24/7 telephonic hotline diving medical assistance. Since then the organisation has expanded globally and now has independent regional organisations in North America, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific and Southern Africa.[1][2]

Function

(what DAN does and its importance in the diving world globally)

History

In 1977, Undersea Medical Society (later the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society) introduced the concept of a national organization (to replace LEO-FAST at Brooks Air Force Base, directed by Colonel Jefferson Davis, M.D.) where a diving medicine specialist could be contacted by telephone 24 hours a day. Dr. Peter B. Bennett received a two-year grant from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) in September 1980 to form the "National Diving Accident Network" at the Frank G. Hall Hyperbaric Center at Duke University Medical Center in Durham, North Carolina.[3][4]

In 1981, DAN published its "Underwater Diving Accident Manual".[5] The Hyperbaric Center received 305 calls for information and assistance. DAN implemented a medical/safety advisory telephone line to handle questions from recreational divers with non-emergency questions in 1982.[3] This change was followed by a name change from "Diving Accident Network" to "Divers Alert Network" and hosted the first annual Diving Accident and Hyperbaric Treatment continuing medical education course at the Duke University Medical Center.[3]

In 1983 International Diving Assistance (IDA), later to become DAN Europe, was founded by dr. Alessandro Marroni as a 24 hour per day diving emergency assistance service, set up as a membership organization, with specific insurance benefits since the start.[6]

In 1984, federal grant monies were decreased (50 percent in 1982 and then by 25 percent in 1983) and support now comes exclusively from divers and the diving industry.[3] In 1985 DAN started a 'sponsor program' for clubs, stores and corporations, and in 1987 it pioneered an insurance program; with the introduction of this program the membership numbers doubled to 32,000 in 1988.[3]

In 1984 the Diver Emergency Service (DES) was started in Australia and New Zealand by drs. Des Gorman and "Fred" Gilligan.[6]

In 1987 the Civil Alert Network (CAN) began assisting diving emergencies in Japan, under the guidance of prof. Yoshihiro Mano of the University of Tokyo Medical School.[6]

The IRS granted DAN its 501(c)(3) non-profit status in 1990.[3] The organization continues to be associated with Duke University Medical Center, but moved its offices from the Frank G. Hall Labs to off campus office space. In 1991 DAN introduced its first training course 'Oxygen First aid Training Program' and DAN Travel Assist. In the same year the 'Flying After Diving' research trials began.

The need for an international organisation that would be available to all divers, wherever they dived around the world, became increasingly apparent and, during a meeting at DAN Headquarters in Durham, N.C., USA, in February 1991, the process to form an International DAN was started. The four existing organisations decided to adopt the common name of DAN.[6] and International DAN – also known as IDAN – was established to support the regional IDAN members - DAN America, DAN Europe, DAN Japan, and DAN Asia-Pacific.[3][7]

DAN was awarded the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society's Craig Hoffman Diving Safety Award in June 1992 for its significant contributions to the health and safety of recreational divers.[3] In Sept 1992 the first DAN Instructor Training Workshop was brought about alongside Oxygen First Aid Training program being introduced to Europe.

1993 saw DAN open an insurance company 'Accident General Insurance'. By 1996 Oxygen First Aid Training was being taught in seven continents. DAN introduced other diving related first aid training courses – 'O2 1st aid for aquatic emergencies' (1998), 'Remote Oxygen (REMo2) (1999), Hazardous Marine Life Injuries (2000), Automatic External Difibrillation (AED) (2001) and Advanced Oxygen Provide (2002.[3] DAN moved to its new, permanent headquarters, the Peter B. Bennett Center.[3]

DAN Southern Africa joined the IDAN in 1996.[6]

Dr. Bennett received the 2002 Diving Equipment and Marketing Association Reaching Out Award for his contribution to the dive industry and the Carolinas' Ernst and Young Entrepreneur of the Year 2002 award for contributions to business in the life sciences.[3][4] He announced his retirement as DAN President effective June 30, 2003[8] After Bennett resigned as DAN President and CEO, DAN Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Dan Orr, MS was named acting president and CEO.[3] DAN established the Peter B. Bennett Research Fund, within the Endowment Fund to support research initiatives, enhancing dive safety into the future.[9]

In 2004, Michael D. Curley, Ph.D. was named DAN President and CEO.[10]

In 2006, Dr. Curley stepped down and Mr. Orr was named as the DAN President and CEO.

In February 2009, DAN launched a web site for their bi-monthly magazine "Alert Diver Online".[11]

IDAN

International DAN (IDAN) comprises independently administered nonprofit DAN organizations based around the world that provide expert emergency medical and referral services to regional diving communities. Each DAN depends on the support of the divers of its region to provide its safety and educational services, and may provide locally appropriate insurance options. They operate under protocol standards set by the IDAN Headquarters.[12]

DAN (America) serves as the headquarters for IDAN.[12]

DAN America

Divers Alert Network America
AbbreviationDAN America
Formation1980 (1980)
TypeNGO
Legal status501(c)(3) association
PurposeScuba diving safety
HeadquartersDurham, North Carolina
Location
  • 6 West Colony Place, Durham, NC 27705 USA
Region served
United States & Canada
President/CEO
Bill Ziefle
Main organ
Board Of Directors
Subsidiaries
  • DAN Asia Pacific
  • DAN Europe
  • DAN Japan
  • DAN Southern Africa
Websitewww.dan.org
Formerly called
National Diving Accident Network

Divers Alert Network America, DAN America, or just DAN is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization devoted to assisting divers in need. It is supported by donations, grants, and membership dues. Its research department conducts medical research on recreational scuba diving safety while its medicine department helps divers to find answers to their diving medical questions. Regions of coverage include the United States and Canada.[12]

DAN Asia-Pacific

Regions of coverage include Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Korea, New Zealand, Polynesia, Southeast Asia, South Pacific islands, Taiwan and Thailand.

DAN Brasil

Region of coverage is Brazil.[12]

DAN Europe

Divers Alert Network Europe
AbbreviationDAN Europe
Formation1983 (1983)
TypeNGO
Legal statusNot for profit European Foundation
PurposeScuba diving safety
HeadquartersC. da Padune 11,
Location
  • 64026 Roseto Italy
Region served
Europe, Mediterranean, Middle East, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, north-east Africa
Membership
> 100,000
President and Chief Executive
Prof. Alessandro Marroni. M.D.
AffiliationsFounding member of International DAN
Websitewww.daneurope.org/web/guest/home
Formerly called
International Diving Assistance (IDA)

Divers Alert Network Europe (DAN Europe) is an international non-profit medical and research organization founded in 1983.[13] The legal address is 26, Triq Fidiel Zarb, Gharghur NXR07, Malta, but the operational and administrative address is C. da Padune 11, 64026 Roseto Italy[14]

The Foundation is primarily funded through the membership fees paid annually by individual supporters, and also through contributions by public or private individuals or organisations, through the sale of goods and services related to its statutory activities, and fund raising schemes, subsidies or sponsorships in order to finance specific projects such as medical and scientific research.[14]

Membership (Feb. 2016) exceeds 100,000.[13]

Region of coverage includes geographical Europe, other countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea, the countries on the shores of the Red Sea, the Middle East including the Persian Gulf, the countries on the shores of the Indian Ocean north of the equator and west of (not including) India and Sri Lanka, and their overseas territories, districts and protectorates.[12]

Services

DAN Europe provides expert information and advice for the benefit of its members and the diving public, including:[13]

  • emergency medical advice and assistance for underwater diving injuries.
  • promoting diving safety
  • underwater diving research and education
  • providing information on issues of common concern to the diving public

Medical hotline

DAN Europe provides its members with medical assistance in case of a diving emergency, 24/7 and from anywhere in the world.[15] There is an international line for use when the member is abroad, and each country has a national emergency number.[15]

Medical advice

For non-urgent diving medical information DAN Europe has a number of articles on the website, an FAQ page, and if the information needed was not available from those resources, there is an email form to request information. Specialised medical advice is reserved to active DAN Members.[16]

Insurance cover

DAN Europe provides insurance cover for members underwritten by International Diving Assurance.[17]

Technical

Since 1997 the Recompression Chamber Assistance and Partnership Program has been available to provide recompression chambers operators with equipment, training and emergency assistance, to help ensure that they are available, in good condition and safe when needed.[18]

Training

DAN Europe provides training and certification for divers professional rescuers and the general public and in aspects of first aid, and trains instructors to provide this training.[19]

Courses available include:[19]

  • Oxygen First Aid for Scuba Diving Injuries
  • Advanced Oxygen First Aid for Scuba Diving Injuries
  • First Aid for Hazardous Marine Life Injures
  • Automated External Defibrillation
  • Basic Life Support
  • First Aid
  • Oxygen first aid for aquatic emergencies
  • On-Site Neurological Assessment for Divers
  • Medical Oxygen Rebreather
  • Dive Medicine for Divers (DMFD)
  • Paediatric Basic Life Support
  • Diving Medical Technician
  • Instructor Qualification Course

Membership

Membership classes of DAN Europe include:[14]

  • ordinary members
  • supporting members
  • promoting members
  • honorary members

Research

Examples of DAN Europe research projects:[20]

  • Gathering data on circulating gas bubbles and analysing the data.
  • "The economy of decompression": Optimization of ascent profiles.
  • Investigating the causes of unexplained diving incidents.
  • Stress in recreational diving.
  • Risk of decompression illness relating to patent foramen ovale.
  • Managing asthma and diabetes in diving.
  • Physiology and pathophysiology of breath-hold in adults and children.
  • Hypothermia and diving.
  • Headache and diving.
  • Blood changes associated with diving.
  • Decompression sickness risk when travelling by air after diving.
  • Pysiological effects of rebreather diving.
  • Effects of decompression stress on endothelial stem cells and blood cells.
  • Early biomarkers for decompression stress.
  • The effects of normobaric oxygen on blood and in first aid for decompression illness.

DAN Japan

Region of coverage includes Japan, Japanese islands and related territories, with regional IDAN responsibility for Northeast Asia-Pacific.[12]

DAN Southern Africa

Divers Alert Network Southern Africa
AbbreviationDAN SA
Formation17 January 1997 (17 January 1997)
TypeNGO
Legal statusSection 21 not for profit company
PurposeScuba diving safety
HeadquartersMidrand, Gauteng, South Africa
Location
  • Rosen Office Park, DAN Building, Halfway Gardens, Midrand 1685
Region served
Africa south of the equator and Indian Ocean islands
Membership
>8000 (Jan 2016)
CEO
Dr. Frans Cronjé
Main organ
Board Of Directors
Staff
Four full time staff, seven on-call diving doctors
Websitewww.dansa.org

Divers Alert Network Southern Africa is a Public Benefit Organization with the primary purpose to provide emergency medical advice and assistance for underwater diving injuries, to work to prevent injuries and to promote dive safety.

DAN SA also promotes and supports research and education relating to to the improvement of dive safety, medical treatment and first aid, and provides information on dive safety, diving physiology and diving medical issues of common concern to the diving public. Legal advice relating to diving matters is also available. The organisation is funded by membership fees, training fees, donations and the sale of branded first aid, safety and promotional products.

Regions of coverage include South Africa, Angola, Botswana, Comoros, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zaire, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.[12]

Timeline

Services

Medical hotline

DAN South Africa provides emergency hotline for diving and evacuation emergencies. Response staff and diving medicine specialists are on call 24 hours a day, 365 days a year, to provide information and assist with care coordination and evacuation assistance. A toll-free 0800 number is available for calls from within South Africa, and an international number for calls from outside South Africa which is not toll-free.[21][22][23]

Medical advice

DAN SA also provides a diving medical information service. During business hours this can be accessed by telephone or e-mail. Other related information is available from a FAQ and articles on the website. They are linked to the South African Underwater and Hyperbaric Medical Association (SAUHMA) diving medical practitioner database, and maintain an international list of diving medical practitioners for referral.[21]

DAN has access to legal professionals with an interest in diving and who are experienced in local, regional and international law. Members who are in need of legal assistance can contact DAN via email. DAN staff will consider requests and, if appropriate, refer the member to an appropriate legal expert within the network, who will make appropriate suggestions to the member on how best to represent or defend their interests.[24]

Insurance cover

DAN SA is not an insurance company. It has a group insurance policy from AIG South Africa which allows it to extend emergency cover to members for specific diving, travel and medical emergencies. Cover is limited according to membership level.[2]

Cover includes:[2]

  • Medical expenses for treatment of injuries which occur in the water and are a direct consequence of diving or snorkelling activities.
  • Emergency medical expenses while travelling outside country of residence.
  • Evacuation costs to nearest appropriate medical treatment facilities for incidents in categories above.

Technical

A joint project of DAN SA and Subaquatic Safety Services (SSS) Network established the Zanzibar Hyperbaric Chamber, which is the only publicly available hyperbaric facility in East Africa.[25]

Training

DAN SA provides training and certification for divers in aspects of diving first aid, and trains instructors to provide this training.

Courses available include:[26]

  • Oxygen First Aid for Scuba Diving Injuries
  • Advanced Oxygen First Aid for Scuba Diving Injuries
  • First Aid for Hazardous Marine Life Injures
  • Automated External Defibrillators (AED) for Scuba Diving
  • Basic Life Support
  • DAN First Aid
  • On-Site Neurological Assessment for Divers
  • Diving Medicine for Divers (DMFD)
  • Diving Emergency Management Provider (DEMP) Programme: This is a package of:
  • Oxygen First Aid for Scuba Diving Injuries
  • Advanced Oxygen First Aid for Scuba Diving Injuries
  • Automated External Defibrillators (AED) for Scuba Diving
  • First Aid for Hazardous Marine Life Injuries
  • The Diving Emergency Specialist (DES)
  • Instructor Qualification Course
  • Instructor Trainer Workshop

Membership

Several options for membership of DAN SA are available:[27]

  • Annual membership for individual divers and immediate family members
  • Temporary membership for short duration trips
  • Student membership for entry-level students
  • Commercial membership for commercial divers and diving contractors
  • Industry partner for dive businesses
  • Diving safety partners for dive businesses

Research

DAN SA cooperates with DAN Europe and the University of Stellenbosch in gathering crowdsourced data for decompression and other diving physiology and medicine, and diving accident research projects. Most of these are long term projects, but annual statistical reports are published, and contributing divers can get immediate feedback on relative risk of their uploaded dive profiles.[28]

Alert diver (SA edition)

The Alert Diver is a magazine containing information on dive medicine, the latest DAN statistics, and research, safety and training advice by DAN staff. It is published twice-yearly in paper and digital versions. Non-members can download the digital version of the Alert Diver for a nominal fee.[29]

DAN World

Regions of coverage include the Bahamas, British and U.S. Virgin Islands, Caribbean, Central and South America, Guam, Micronesia and Melanesia (except Fiji), Puerto Rico, and any other places not covered by the regional organisations.[12]

Research

Completed programs

  • Flying After Recompression Treatment Study. Online survey of divers in 2003 who were recompressed for decompression illness within the previous five years and then flew in an airplane. The study was published in the Management of Mild or Marginal Decompression Illness in Remote Locations Workshop Proceedings.[30]
  • Diabetes & Diving. Two studies were made on recreational diving by persons with diabetes who showed good general blood glucose control prior to entry to the study. The first followed adults with diabetes who were previously certified to dive and the second studied teenagers with diabetes immediately following their certification training.[30]
  • US Navy Survey. DAN conducted a survey of recreational divers to obtain information about diver demographics, dive experience and diving habits on behalf of the US Navy in early 1998.[30]
  • Live-aboard Doppler. Researchers assessed the effects of age, gender and dive profiles on post-dive vascular bubble presence in volunteer participants during 1988/9 using Doppler monitoring devices.[30]
  • Aging Diver Study. Preliminary evaluation of the effects of age and associated medical conditions on dive style and dive outcome using PDE methodology.[30]
  • Breath-Hold Study. The effects of hyperventilation, work, breathing mixture and dive depth on immersed breath-hold duration were investigated to allow an increase in breath-hold time to a maximum safe level without excessive risk of loss of consciousness or functional incapacity due to hypocapnia, hypoxia or hypercapnia.[30]
  • Flying After Diving. DAN conducted human trials from 1993 to 1999 to investigate how long to wait after diving before flying for recreational divers with support from the US Navy.[30]
  • First Aid Oxygen Rebreather. Performance studies made on first- and second-generation closed-circuit oxygen rebreathing circuits developed for remote duty first aid applications confirmed effective performance in the second-generation device.[30]
  • Cialis™/Viagra™ and the Risk of Oxygen Toxicity. A rat model produced positive results of increased risk of oxygen toxicity risk using these drugs.[30]

Ongoing programs

  • Flying After Diving Calibration Study. To find out how exercise affects the minimum safe waiting period before flying after diving.[31]
  • Risk/Benefit of PFO Closure. To find out if divers with PFO who underwent the closure procedure are better off than divers with PFO who continue diving without the closure.[31]
  • Sudafed and Risk of Oxygen Toxicity. This study uses an animal model to find out whether Sudafed increases the risk of oxygen toxicity.[31]
  • Extreme Diving Field Study. To analyse aspects of safety including decompression safety, physical fitness requirements and cardiovascular effects of extreme diving.[31]
  • Incidents and Accidents in Compressed Air Diving. DAN compiles case reports of diving incidents, injuries and fatalities in air, nitrox and mixed-gas diving and includes data from these reports in the DAN Annual Diving Report.[31]
  • Incidents and Accidents in Breath-Hold Diving. Both fatal and nonfatal cases are collected to identify risks and aid in public education. Data from case reports is included in the DAN Annual Diving Report.[31]
  • Project Dive Exploration (PDE). Dive profiles, diver characteristics and diver behaviour are uploaded by volunteers using the dive computer's dive log software and recorded for statistically accurate analysis. This is a prospective observational study of the demographics, medical history, depth-time exposure and medical outcome of a sample of the recreational diving population, with the intention of finding the incidence of decompression sickness in population subgroups and the relationship of DCS probability to depth-time profile and dive and diver characteristics. The data also provides an injury-free control population for comparison with DAN's injury and fatality data to identify possible risk factors associated with injury and death. The results of this study are likely to be useful in the development of future decompression models.[31] Divers using one of many compatible dive computers may contribute their electronic dive log data to PDE.
  • DAN Membership Health Survey (DMHS). To establish the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, diabetes and asthma, access to primary health care and the diving practices of DAN Members to help the diving community decide on preventive measures for injuries and fatalities.[31]
  • Database of Dive Exposure and Dive Outcomes. Data from the US Navy, Duke University, PDE, DAN Europe's Dive Safety Lab and the Institute of Nautical Archaeology are converted to a format which can be used as a reference database for calibration and evaluation of decompression algorithms.[31]
  • Diver Physical Fitness Study. Physical fitness of divers and the physical fitness required for typical diving activities will be assessed.[31]
  • Fatality Database. DAN collects data on diving fatalities of recreational divers in the US, Canada and diving destinations frequented by US and Canadian divers, compiles case reports, and includes the data in the DAN Annual Diving Report.[31]

Publications

DAN publishes research results on a wide range of matters relating to diving safety and medicine and diving accident analysis, including annual reports on decompression illness and diving fatalities. Most are freely available on the internet, many of these at the Rubicon Research Repository.

Annual reports on decompression illness and diving fatalities
  • Dovenbarger, JA (1988); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1987).[32]
  • Dovenbarger, JA (1989); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1988).[33]
  • Dovenbarger, JA (1991); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1989).[34]
  • Dovenbarger, JA (1992); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1990). Also includes: Flying After Diving data from 1987 to 1990, Fatality Investigation Protocol, Autopsy Protocol, and occupational fatality data.[35]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Uguccioni, DM (1993) Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1991). Also includes: Fatality Investigation Protocol, Autopsy Protocol, and occupational fatality data.[36]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Uguccioni, DM (1994); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1992). Also includes: Fatality Investigation and Autopsy Protocol.[37]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Uguccioni, DM (1995); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1993).[38]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Uguccioni, DM (1996); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1994).[39]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Uguccioni, DM (1997); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1995).[40]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Uguccioni, DM (1998); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1996).[41]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Uguccioni, DM (1999); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1997).[42]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Uguccioni, DM; Vann, RD (2000); Report on Decompression Illness and Diving Fatalities (based on data collected in 1998).[43]
  • Vann, RD; Uguccioni, DM (2001) Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities, and Project Dive Exploration (based on data collected in 1999).[44]
  • Vann, RD; Uguccioni, DM (2002); Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities, and Project Dive Exploration (based on data collected in 2000).[45]
  • Vann, RD; Uguccioni, DM (2003); Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities, and Project Dive Exploration (based on data collected in 2001).[46]
  • Vann, RD; Uguccioni, DM (2004); Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities, and Project Dive Exploration (based on data collected in 2002).[47]
  • Vann, RD; Uguccioni, DM (2005) Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities, and Project Dive Exploration (based on data collected in 2003).[48]
  • Vann, RD; Uguccioni, DM (2006); Report on Decompression Illness, Diving Fatalities, and Project Dive Exploration (based on data collected in 2004).[49]
Other publications (incomplete)
1985
  • Wacholz, CJ; Bloch, K; Mebane, GY; Goad, R; Moon, RE; Piantadosi, CA; Camporesi, EM; Linaweaver Jr, PG; Kindwall, EP; Van Meter, KW; Myers, RAM; Bennett, PB (1985); Review and analysis of DAN accident cases 1981-1984.[50]
1989
  • Wachholtz, CJ; Dovenbarger, JA; Fowler III, GP; Rust, JS; Thompson, LD (1989); Comparison of accident data vs. survey data of uninjured divers of DAN membership June 1988.[51]
1990
  • Dovenbarger, J; Corson, K; Mebane, GY; Bennett, PB; Wachholz, C (1990); DAN analysis of diving fatalities using compressed gas on 1989[52]
  • Bond, JG; Moon, RE; Dovenbarger, JA; Morris, DL (1990); A descriptive comparison of the initial recompression treatment of recreational scuba diving related injuries.[53]
  • Bennett, PB; Dovenbarger, JA; Wachholz, CJ; Corson, KS (1990); DAN analysis of recreational dive accidents for 1988.[54]
1993
  • Mebane, GY; Lew, N; Dovenbarger, J (1993); Review of autopsies on recreational scuba divers, 1989-1992.[55]
1995
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Wacholtz, C; Bennett, PB (1995): Divers Alert Network, DAN accident data.[56]
1996
  • Vann, RD; Gerth, WA; DeNoble, PJ; Sitzes, CR; Smith, LR, (1996); A comparison of recent flying after diving experiments with published flying after diving guidelines.[57]
1997
  • Yamami, N; Mano, Y; Shibayama, M; Kawashima, M; Nakayama, H; Takahashi, M; Nakayama, T; Mizuno, T (1997); A 5-year survey of emergency calls to the Divers Alert Network in Japan.[58]
  • Caruso, JL; Uguccioni, DM; Dovenbarger, JA; Bennett, PB (1997); Fatalities related to cardiovascular disease in the recreational diving population.[59]
1999
  • Dear, GdeL; Uguccioni, DM; Dovenbarger, JA; Thalmann, ED; Hanson, E; Cudahy, EA (1999); Estimated DCI incidence in a select group of recreational divers.[60]
  • Vann, RD; Winkler, P; Sitzes, CR; Uguccioni, DM; DeNoble, PJ (1999); The 1999 Project Dive Exploration pilot study.[61]
2000
  • Lang, MA (2000); DAN Nitrox Workshop Proceedings.[62]
  • Sugiyama, H; Mano, K; Hayano, M; Onda, M (2000); Coastal scuba diving accidents in Japan: Preliminary report.[63]
  • Caruso, JL; Uguccioni, DM; Ellis, JE; Dovenbarger, JA; Vann, RD; Bennett, PB (2000); Ten years of diving fatality epidemiology: The Divers Alert Network database, 1989-1998.[64]
2001
  • Wacholtz, CJ; Terjung, HC; Freiberger, JJ; Bennett, PB (2001); Time required to organize and effect air ambulance transport in 99 DCI cases referred to DAN travel assist.[65]
2002
  • Sheffield, PJ; Vann, RD (2002); Flying After Diving Workshop. Contents; Dedication About DAN Acknowledgments; 2002 Consensus guidelines for flying after recreational diving; Executive summary - RD Vann; Opeming remarks - RD Vann; Flying after diving gudelines: A historical perspective - PJ Sheffield; 1999 U.S. Navy procedures for ascent to altitude after diving - ET Flynn; Diving at the No-stop limits: Chamber trials of flying after diving - RD Vann; Flying after multi-day repetitive recreational diving - JJ Freiberger; Development of guidelines for flying after diving - ED Thalmann, RD Vann, NW Pollock, and WA Gerth; Trials of flying at 25,000 feet after diving - NW Pollock; NASA flying after diving procedures - NW Pollock and DT Fitzpatrick; Economic impact of flying after diving - JJ Freiberger; Flying after diving within the no-decompression limits - RD Vann; Nature of safety decisions - PJ Sheffield; Consensus discussion;[66]
2003
  • Griffin, C; Aksenov, IV; Kooistra, D (2003); Evaluation of the 140 medical records of decompression illness at the Saba Marine Park Hyperbaric Facility 13-year experience.[67]
  • Caruso, JL; Uguccioni, DM; Ellis, JE; Dovenbarger, JA; Bennett, PB (2003); Buddy versus solo divingin fatal recreational diving accidents.[68]
2004
  • DeNoble, PJ; Vann, RD; Bennett, PB; Marroni, A, (2004); Ten years of prospective studies in recreational diving.[69]
  • Caruso, JL; Uguccioni, DM; Ellis, JE; Dovenbarger, JA; Bennett, PB (2004); Diving fatalities involving children and adolescents, 1989-2002.[70]
  • Caruso, JL; Uguccioni, DM; Ellis, JE; Dovenbarger, JA; Bennett, PB (2004); Do divers in trouble ditch their weight belts or integrated weights? A look at the ditching of weight belts in fatal recreational diving accidents.[71]
  • Richardson, D (2004); Flying after diving DAN Workshop 2002 - an overview.[72]
2005
  • Freiberger, JJ; Smerz, RW; DeNoble, PJ; Vann, RD (2005); Hawaii deep treatment diving injury data collected with the new DAN injury report form, the Scuba Diving Epidemiological Report Form (SERF).[73]
2006
  • Pollock, NW; Wiley, JL; Ellis, JE (2006); A review of available breath-hold incident records, 1994-2003.[74]
  • Modi, SJ; Pollock, NW (2006); Development of the DAN breath-hold incident database; 2004-2005.[75]
2007
  • Denoble, PJ; Ellis, J; Vann, RD (2007); Fatalities in divers using rebreathers.[76]
2008
  • Denoble, PJ; Vaithyanathan, P; Vann, RD (2008); Annual diving fatality rates among insured DAN members.[77]
  • Dovenbarger, JA; Burman, F; Pollock, NW (2008); Divers Alert Network recompreaaion chamber assistance program.[78]
2009
  • Denoble, P; Vaithiyanathan, P; Clarke, D; Vann, R (2009); Annual rate of decompression sickness (DCS) based on insurance claims.[79]
2011
  • Denoble, PJ; Richardson, D; Cumming, B; Lippmann, J; Marroni, A; Vann, RD (2011); Fatality rates in recreational scuba diving: A summary of statistics presented at DAN Fatality Workshop 2010[80]
2012
  • Denoble, PJ; Ranapurwalla, S; Vaithiyanathan, P; Bird, N (2012); Online survey of health status of DAN members.[81]
  • Denoble PJ; Ranapurwala SI; Vaithiyanathan P; Clarke RE; Vann RD (2012); Per-capita claims rate for decompressionsickness (DCS) among insured Divers Alert Network (DAN) members.[82]


Conferences

Rebreather Forum 3

In May 2012, DAN along with the American Academy of Underwater Sciences and the Professional Association of Diving Instructors hosted the Rebreather Forum 3 (RF3) which was organised by Rosemary E Lunn. This three day safety symposium was convened to address major issues surrounding rebreather technology, and its application in commercial, media, military, scientific, recreational and technical diving. Experts, manufactures, instructor trainers, training agencies and divers from all over the world discussed this technology and shared information. Associate Professor Simon J Mitchell chaired the final session at RF3 and, as a result, 16 key consensus statements were agreed and ratified by the global rebreather community.[83]

See also

References

  1. ^ Edmonds, Carl; Thomas, Bob; McKenzie, Bart; Pennefather, John (2015). "Divers Alert Network" (PDF). Diving Medicine for Scuba Divers. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d e Staff (2006). DAN Southern Africa newsletter (1st quarter ed.). DAN Southern Africa.
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  4. ^ a b Bennett, PB (2008). To the Very Depths: A Memoir of Professor Peter B Bennett, Ph.D. Best Publishing Company. p. 229 pages. ISBN 978-1-930536-47-0.
  5. ^ Vann, Richard D (2007). "The History of Divers Alert Network (DAN) and DAN Research". In: Moon RE, Piantadosi CA, Camporesi EM (eds.). Dr. Peter Bennett Symposium Proceedings. Held May 1, 2004. Durham, N.C.:. Divers Alert Network. Retrieved 2011-01-15.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link)
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  7. ^ "International DAN". Divers Alert Network. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
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  11. ^ "Alert Diver Online". Divers Alert Network. Retrieved 2009-03-19.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g h Staff. "International". DAN website. Divers Alert Network. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  13. ^ a b c Staff. "Mission and vision". DAN Europe website. Divers Alert Network Europe. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  14. ^ a b c Staff. "Statute and By-laws". DAN Europe website. Divers Alert Network, Europe. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  15. ^ a b Staff. "Emergencies". DAN Europe website. Divers Alert Network Europe. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  16. ^ Staff. "Send DAN an e-mail". DAN Europe website. Divers Alert Network Europe. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  17. ^ Staff. "Membership Benefits". DAN Europe website. Divers Alert Network Europe. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  18. ^ Staff. "RCAPP". DAN Europe website. Divers Alert Network Europe. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  19. ^ a b Staff. "Training Programs". DAN Europe website. Divers Alert Network Europe. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  20. ^ Staff. "Our Projects". DAN Europe website. Divers Alert Network Europe. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  21. ^ a b Staff. "DAN Medical Information". Divers Alert Network Southern Africa. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
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  26. ^ Staff. "Membership". DAN SA website. Divers Alert Network Southern Africa. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  27. ^ Staff. "Research - Partnering with the University of Stellenbosch". DAN SA Website. Divers Alert Network Southern Africa. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  28. ^ Staff. "Alert Diver". DAN SA website. Diving Accident Network Southern Africa. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
  29. ^ a b c d e f g h i Staff. "Completed Projects & Studies". DAN SA website. DAN Southern Africa. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
  30. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Staff. "Projects & Studies". DAN SA website. DAN Southern Africa. Retrieved 17 February 2016.
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  57. ^ Yamami, N; Mano, Y; Shibayama, M; Kawashima, M; Nakayama, H; Takahashi, M; Nakayama, T; Mizuno, T (1997). "A 5-year survey of emergency calls to the Divers Alert Network in Japan". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
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  59. ^ Dear, GdeL; Uguccioni, DM; Dovenbarger, JA; Thalmann, ED; Hanson, E; Cudahy, EA (1999). "Estimated DCI incidence in a select group of recreational divers". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  60. ^ Vann, RD; Winkler, P; Sitzes, CR; Uguccioni, DM; DeNoble, PJ (1999). "The 1999 Project Dive Exploration pilot study./777". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  61. ^ Lang, MA (2000). "DAN Nitrox Workshop Proceedings". Divers Alert Network (DAN). Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  62. ^ Sugiyama, H; Mano, K; Hayano, M; Onda, M (2000). "Coastal scuba diving accidents in Japan: Preliminary report". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
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  65. ^ Sheffield, PJ; Vann, RD (2002). "Flying After Diving Workshop". Divers Alert Network (DAN). Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  66. ^ Griffin, C; Aksenov, IV; Kooistra, D (2003). "Evaluation of the 140 medical records of decompression illness at the Saba Marine Park Hyperbaric Facility 13-year experience". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
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  71. ^ Richardson, D (2004). "Flying after diving DAN Workshop 2002 - an overview". Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  72. ^ Freiberger, JJ; Smerz, RW; DeNoble, PJ; Vann, RD (2005). "Hawaii deep treatment diving injury data collected with the new DAN injury report form, the Scuba Diving Epidemiological Report Form (SERF)". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  73. ^ Pollock, NW; Wiley, JL; Ellis, JE (2006). "A review of available breath-hold incident records, 1994-2003". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  74. ^ Modi, SJ; Pollock, NW (2006). "Development of the DAN breath-hold incident database: 2004-2005". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
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  76. ^ Denoble, PJ; Vaithyanathan, P; Vann, RD (2008). "Annual diving fatality rates among insured DAN members". Undersea & Hyperbaric Medical Society 2008 Annual Scientific Meeting June 26-28, 2008 Salt Lake City Marriott Downtown, Salt Lake City, Utah. Undersea & Hyperbaric Medical Society. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
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  78. ^ Denoble, P; Vaithiyanathan, P; Clarke, D; Vann, R (2009). "Annual rate of decompression sickness (DCS) based on insurance claims". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Annual Scientific Meeting, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
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  80. ^ Denoble, PJ; Ranapurwalla, S; Vaithiyanathan, P; Bird, N (2012). "Online survey of health status of DAN members". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 18 February 2016.
  81. ^ Denoble, PJ; Ranapurwala, SI; Vaithiyanathan, P; Clarke, RE; Vann, RD (2012). "Per-capita claims rate for decompressionsickness (DCS) among insured Divers Alert Network (DAN) members". Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine : Journal of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, Inc. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  82. ^ Vann, RD; Denoble, PJ; Pollock, NW, eds. (2014). Rebreather Forum 3 Proceedings (PDF). Durham, NC: AAUS/DAN/PADI. ISBN 978-0-9800423-9-9. Retrieved 26 February 2015.
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