François Bazaramba: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Timtempleton (talk | contribs) started new section to shorten lede; moved notable info to the lede; added missing info about court findings; added clarification of Finland's crimes against humanity statute with a link; split refs 30em |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
{{Orphan|date=February 2017}} |
{{Orphan|date=February 2017}} |
||
'''François Bazaramba''' (born Nshili, [[Gikongoro Province]], [[Rwanda]], 1 January 1951) is a Rwandan sentenced to [[life imprisonment in Finland|life imprisonment]] in Finland for participating in the [[Rwandan genocide|Rwandan genocide in 1994]].<ref name="bbc">{{cite web| url = http://yle.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/2010/06/ruandalaispastorille_elinkautinen_joukkotuhonnasta_1752961.html | title = Ruandalaispastorille elinkautinen joukkotuhonnasta| work = Yle uutiset| language=fi|date = 12 June 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Finland sentences Rwanda preacher to life for genocide |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10294529 |accessdate=9 December 2019 |work=BBC News |date=11 June 2010}}</ref> |
'''François Bazaramba''' (born Nshili, [[Gikongoro Province]], [[Rwanda]], 1 January 1951) is a Rwandan sentenced to [[life imprisonment in Finland|life imprisonment]] in Finland for participating in the [[Rwandan genocide|Rwandan genocide in 1994]].<ref name="bbc">{{cite web| url = http://yle.fi/uutiset/kotimaa/2010/06/ruandalaispastorille_elinkautinen_joukkotuhonnasta_1752961.html | title = Ruandalaispastorille elinkautinen joukkotuhonnasta| work = Yle uutiset| language=fi|date = 12 June 2010}}</ref><ref name=bbc1>{{cite news |title=Finland sentences Rwanda preacher to life for genocide |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10294529 |accessdate=9 December 2019 |work=BBC News |date=11 June 2010}}</ref> The ''Bazaramba'' case is historic in Finnish legal history because it was the first time anyone was sentenced under Finland's "crimes against humanity" laws (section 1 of Chapter 11 of the [[Criminal Code of Finland|Criminal Code]]) since the international norms against [[genocide]] were implemented in national law.<ref>http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L11</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.legal-tools.org/doc/fe1e48/pdf/ |title=Crimes against humanity |website=Legal Tools |date= |accessdate=2019-12-16}}</ref> The case was appealed up to the Supreme Court of Finland, which upheld the conviction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/supreme_court_upholds_genocide_case_verdict/6344434|title= Supreme Court upholds genocide case verdict| website= Yle uutiset | date=22 October 2012|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> |
||
==Life== |
|||
While living in Rwanda, he worked as a teacher and a headmaster for a vocational school. Later he became a pastor in the Zambian Baptist Church. The ''Bazaramba'' case is historic in Finnish legal history because it was the first time anyone was sentenced under the section 1 of Chapter 11<ref>http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L11</ref> of the [[Criminal Code of Finland|Criminal Code]] since the international norms against [[genocide]] were implemented in national law. The case was appealed up to the Supreme Court of Finland, which upheld the conviction.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://yle.fi/uutiset/osasto/news/supreme_court_upholds_genocide_case_verdict/6344434|title= Supreme Court upholds genocide case verdict| website= Yle uutiset | date=22 October 2012|access-date=9 December 2019}}</ref> |
|||
While living in Rwanda, Bazaramba worked as a teacher and a headmaster for a vocational school. Later he became a pastor in the Zambian Baptist Church. |
|||
Bazaramba arrived in Finland in 2003 as a refugee.<ref name="bbc /> During background checks, the [[Finnish Immigration Service]] found his name in a [[Human Rights Watch]] report. The police investigation started in 2006, and the [[National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)|National Bureauf of Investigation]] sent investigators to Rwanda.<ref name="mtv">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/suomen-kallein-oikeudenkaynti-oli-lopulta-halpa/6283180 |title=Suomen kallein oikeudenkäynti oli lopulta halpa |date=2012-10-22 |website=mtvuutiset.fi |language=fi |access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Bazaramba was taken into custody in 2007.<ref name="bbc /> |
Bazaramba arrived in Finland in 2003 as a refugee.<ref name="bbc /> During background checks, the [[Finnish Immigration Service]] found his name in a [[Human Rights Watch]] report. The police investigation started in 2006, and the [[National Bureau of Investigation (Finland)|National Bureauf of Investigation]] sent investigators to Rwanda.<ref name="mtv">{{Cite web |url=https://www.mtvuutiset.fi/artikkeli/suomen-kallein-oikeudenkaynti-oli-lopulta-halpa/6283180 |title=Suomen kallein oikeudenkäynti oli lopulta halpa |date=2012-10-22 |website=mtvuutiset.fi |language=fi |access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> Bazaramba was taken into custody in 2007.<ref name="bbc /> |
||
| Line 13: | Line 15: | ||
Rwanda requested Bazaramba to be [[Extradition|extradited]] in February 2009, but the [[Ministry of Justice (Finland)|Finnish Ministry of Justice]] denied the request.<ref name="hs2010">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000004727277.html |title=Matkoja, riitoja ja möläytyksiä |last=Vähäsarja |first=Irina |date=2010-04-27 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi ||url-access=subscription|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> |
Rwanda requested Bazaramba to be [[Extradition|extradited]] in February 2009, but the [[Ministry of Justice (Finland)|Finnish Ministry of Justice]] denied the request.<ref name="hs2010">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000004727277.html |title=Matkoja, riitoja ja möläytyksiä |last=Vähäsarja |first=Irina |date=2010-04-27 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |language=fi ||url-access=subscription|access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> |
||
The trial started in June 2009 in the District Court of Porvoo. In September, the court traveled to Rwanda to hear witnesses. Bazaramba stayed in Finland and watched the sessions via a video link. In February 2010, the court traveled to [[Tanzania]] to hear witnesses from five African countries. Altogether, more than 60 witnesses were heard.<ref name="hs2010" /> |
The trial started in June 2009 in the District Court of Porvoo. In September, the court traveled to Rwanda to hear witnesses. Bazaramba stayed in Finland and watched the sessions via a video link. In February 2010, the court traveled to [[Tanzania]] to hear witnesses from five African countries. Altogether, more than 60 witnesses were heard.<ref name="hs2010" /> |
||
In June 2010, Bazaramba was convicted and given a life sentence.<ref name=bbc1/> According to the findings of the Finnish court, he orchestrated deadly attacks, and organised the torching of Tutsi homes. He also was convicted of spreading anti-Tutsi propaganda and inciting "killings through fomenting anger and contempt towards Tutsis".<ref name=bbc1/> The Helsingin Sanomat reported that he was acquitted of 10 counts of murder and of providing training and acquiring weapons.<ref name=bbc1/> |
|||
Bazaramba appealed his conviction to the Helsinki Court of Appeal. Witnesses were again heard in Rwanda and Tanzania. In March 2012, the appeals court convicted Bazaramba and gave him a life sentence.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-5100911 |title=Ruandalaispastorille elinkautinen joukkotuhonnasta |date=2012-03-30 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi |access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> He appealed to the Supreme Court of Finland, which denied the appeal.<ref name="hs2019">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005954307.html |title=Ruandan kansanmurhasta tuomittu porvoolaispastori ei pääse vapaaksi – Hovioikeuden mukaan François Bazaramban rikokset olivat poikkeuksellisen vakavia |last=Reinboth |first=Susanna |date=2019-01-04 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |url-access=subscription|language=fi |access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> |
Bazaramba appealed his conviction to the Helsinki Court of Appeal. Witnesses were again heard in Rwanda and Tanzania. In March 2012, the appeals court convicted Bazaramba and gave him a life sentence.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://yle.fi/uutiset/3-5100911 |title=Ruandalaispastorille elinkautinen joukkotuhonnasta |date=2012-03-30 |website=Yle Uutiset |language=fi |access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> He appealed to the Supreme Court of Finland, which denied the appeal.<ref name="hs2019">{{Cite web |url=https://www.hs.fi/kotimaa/art-2000005954307.html |title=Ruandan kansanmurhasta tuomittu porvoolaispastori ei pääse vapaaksi – Hovioikeuden mukaan François Bazaramban rikokset olivat poikkeuksellisen vakavia |last=Reinboth |first=Susanna |date=2019-01-04 |website=Helsingin Sanomat |url-access=subscription|language=fi |access-date=2019-12-10}}</ref> |
||
| Line 22: | Line 26: | ||
== References == |
== References == |
||
{{reflist|30em}} |
|||
<references /> |
|||
{{authority control}} |
{{authority control}} |
||
Revision as of 20:35, 16 December 2019
An editor has nominated this article for deletion. You are welcome to participate in the deletion discussion, which will decide whether or not to retain it. |
François Bazaramba (born Nshili, Gikongoro Province, Rwanda, 1 January 1951) is a Rwandan sentenced to life imprisonment in Finland for participating in the Rwandan genocide in 1994.[1][2] The Bazaramba case is historic in Finnish legal history because it was the first time anyone was sentenced under Finland's "crimes against humanity" laws (section 1 of Chapter 11 of the Criminal Code) since the international norms against genocide were implemented in national law.[3][4] The case was appealed up to the Supreme Court of Finland, which upheld the conviction.[5]
Life
While living in Rwanda, Bazaramba worked as a teacher and a headmaster for a vocational school. Later he became a pastor in the Zambian Baptist Church.
Bazaramba arrived in Finland in 2003 as a refugee.[1] During background checks, the Finnish Immigration Service found his name in a Human Rights Watch report. The police investigation started in 2006, and the National Bureauf of Investigation sent investigators to Rwanda.[6] Bazaramba was taken into custody in 2007.[1]
Rwanda requested Bazaramba to be extradited in February 2009, but the Finnish Ministry of Justice denied the request.[7]
The trial started in June 2009 in the District Court of Porvoo. In September, the court traveled to Rwanda to hear witnesses. Bazaramba stayed in Finland and watched the sessions via a video link. In February 2010, the court traveled to Tanzania to hear witnesses from five African countries. Altogether, more than 60 witnesses were heard.[7]
In June 2010, Bazaramba was convicted and given a life sentence.[2] According to the findings of the Finnish court, he orchestrated deadly attacks, and organised the torching of Tutsi homes. He also was convicted of spreading anti-Tutsi propaganda and inciting "killings through fomenting anger and contempt towards Tutsis".[2] The Helsingin Sanomat reported that he was acquitted of 10 counts of murder and of providing training and acquiring weapons.[2]
Bazaramba appealed his conviction to the Helsinki Court of Appeal. Witnesses were again heard in Rwanda and Tanzania. In March 2012, the appeals court convicted Bazaramba and gave him a life sentence.[8] He appealed to the Supreme Court of Finland, which denied the appeal.[9]
In 2013, Bazaramba appealed to the European Court of Human Rights with the claim that some of the witnesses had been tortured.[10]
In January 2019, the Helsinki Court of Appeal rejected Bazaramba's request to be paroled.[9]
References
- ^ a b c "Ruandalaispastorille elinkautinen joukkotuhonnasta". Yle uutiset (in Finnish). 12 June 2010.
- ^ a b c d "Finland sentences Rwanda preacher to life for genocide". BBC News. 11 June 2010. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ http://www.finlex.fi/fi/laki/ajantasa/1889/18890039001#L11
- ^ "Crimes against humanity". Legal Tools. Retrieved 2019-12-16.
- ^ "Supreme Court upholds genocide case verdict". Yle uutiset. 22 October 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ "Suomen kallein oikeudenkäynti oli lopulta halpa". mtvuutiset.fi (in Finnish). 2012-10-22. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
- ^ a b Vähäsarja, Irina (2010-04-27). "Matkoja, riitoja ja möläytyksiä". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-12-10.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|1=(help) - ^ "Ruandalaispastorille elinkautinen joukkotuhonnasta". Yle Uutiset (in Finnish). 2012-03-30. Retrieved 2019-12-10.
- ^ a b Reinboth, Susanna (2019-01-04). "Ruandan kansanmurhasta tuomittu porvoolaispastori ei pääse vapaaksi – Hovioikeuden mukaan François Bazaramban rikokset olivat poikkeuksellisen vakavia". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-12-10.
- ^ Kerkelä, Lasse (2013-04-19). "Bazaramba valitti Ruanda-tuomiosta EIT:een". Helsingin Sanomat (in Finnish). Retrieved 2019-12-10.
 | This case law article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This biographical article related to crime is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |