Reactions to the 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria: Difference between revisions

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*{{flag|NATO}} – Secretary General [[Jens Stoltenberg]] said that Turkey is "at the forefront of the crisis and has legitimate security concerns", having suffered terrorist attacks and hosting millions of refugees. He added that NATO was informed by Turkish authorities about the ongoing operations in Northern Syria. He further stated that it was "important to avoid actions that may further destabilise the region, escalate tensions, and cause more human suffering." He called on Turkey to "act with restraint" and said that the gains made against ISIS should not be jeopardized.<ref>[https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_169485.htm?selectedLocale=en] by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the joint press point with the President of the Council of Ministers of Italy, Giuseppe Conte</ref>
*{{flag|NATO}} – Secretary General [[Jens Stoltenberg]] said that Turkey is "at the forefront of the crisis and has legitimate security concerns", having suffered terrorist attacks and hosting millions of refugees. He added that NATO was informed by Turkish authorities about the ongoing operations in Northern Syria. He further stated that it was "important to avoid actions that may further destabilise the region, escalate tensions, and cause more human suffering." He called on Turkey to "act with restraint" and said that the gains made against ISIS should not be jeopardized.<ref>[https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/opinions_169485.htm?selectedLocale=en] by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the joint press point with the President of the Council of Ministers of Italy, Giuseppe Conte</ref>
*{{flag|United Nations}} – The UN cautioned regarding the offensive calling for the protection of civilians. Panos Moumtzis, the UN's Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for Syria, commented saying "Any (military) operation that takes place at the moment has to take into account to ensure that we don’t see any further displacement."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-un-idUSKBN1WM0TH|title=U.N. calls for protecting civilians in northeast Syria|date=October 7, 2019|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>
*{{flag|United Nations}} – The UN cautioned regarding the offensive calling for the protection of civilians. Panos Moumtzis, the UN's Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for Syria, commented saying "Any (military) operation that takes place at the moment has to take into account to ensure that we don’t see any further displacement."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-un-idUSKBN1WM0TH|title=U.N. calls for protecting civilians in northeast Syria|date=October 7, 2019|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>
* Genocide Watch, member and current Coordinator of the Alliance Against Genocide, renewed a genocide alert as all the stages of the genocidal process identified by [[Gregory Stanton]] are far advanced, and it stated that Turkey is planning [[Genocide|genocide]] and crimes against humanity in Northeastern Syria. It also noted that 100,000 Christians live in the area Turkey will invade and Turkey and its predecessor, the [[Ottoman Empire]], have a century old history of genocide against Christians.<ref>https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/2019/10/08/Genocide-Watch-Turkey-is-planning-genocide-and-crimes-against-humanity-in-Northeastern-Syria?fbclid=IwAR0_q5L4uLxRzT_9PYg4QpfFfUvaEtobSJn627-EYmKtTWpvu7aJybpmhgQ</ref>


===Other regional actors===
===Other regional actors===

Revision as of 10:50, 11 October 2019

The following is a list of reactions to the 2019 Rojava offensive.

Reactions in Turkey

A day prior to the operation, all Turkish opposition parties except the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) voted to extend the military's mandate on Syria. Opposition party leaders Meral Akşener (İyi Party), Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu (Republican People's Party), and Temel Karamollaoğlu (Felicity Party), also minor government partner party Nationalist Movement Party leader Devlet Bahçeli expressed their support for the military operation.[1] Akşener, Kılıçdaroğlu, and Bahçeli were directly informed of the operation by President Erdoğan immediately after its launch.[2]

The HDP condemned the operation, calling it an "extremely dangerous and wrong step" and stating that "Turkey is being dragged into a dangerous and deep trap".[3]

Arrests
See also: 2016–present purges in Turkey and Censorship in Turkey

Turkish police arrested more than 20 online critics of the Turkish invasion for spreading "terrorist propaganda".[4][5] Turkish prosecutor opened an investigation into "terrorist propaganda" against MPs Sezai Temelli and Pervin Buldan, co-leaders of the pro-Kurdish HDP party.[6]

Reactions in Syria

  • Syrian Government – The government strongly condemned the Turkish attack, dubbing it a "disgraceful breach of international law and UN resolutions that respect Syria’s sovereignty and territorial integrity".[7]
  • Syrian Democratic Forces – An SDF spokesman told Al-Jazeera regarding the offensive, "Threats made by Turkey to attack the area is not something new, they have constantly done it for years. We as Syrian Democratic Forces take the matter into account and are fully prepared to fiercely respond to any imminent attack on Syrian soil."[8]
  • Syrian Turkmen Assembly – In a written statement from the assembly, it's stated: "As a result of the extermination and exile movement of the terrorist organization, the Turkmen presence in the east of the Euphrates had suffered a severe wound." The statement also underlined that the operation was a "mandatory and legitimate intervention".[9]

International reactions

UN-member states

  • International reactions to Turkey's 2019 Rojava offensive. As published on Wikipedia per 11 Oct. 2019, 09:00 CET.
     Armenia – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has published a statement which condemns the military invasion by Turkey in north-east Syria, which would lead to deterioration of regional security, losses among civilians, mass displacement and eventually to a new humanitarian crisis. The plight of ethnic and religious minorities is of particular concern. This military invasion also creates an imminent threat of identity based grave and massive violations of human rights.[10] Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan said during Cabinet meeting, that Armenia condemns the invasion of the Turkish armed forces in Syria.[11]
  •  Australia – Prime Minister Scott Morrison stated that he was concerned for the safety of the Kurds living in the region and also feared that the offensive could result in a resurgence of ISIS.[12]
  •  Bahrain – The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain strongly condemned the military attack by Turkey on areas in northeast of Syria.[13]
  •  Canada – On 9 October 2019, Canadian Minister of Foreign Affairs Chrystia Freeland stated on Twitter that Canada "firmly condemns Turkey’s military incursion into Syria today."[14]
  •  Cyprus – Cyprus strongly condemned the operation and argued that it was against international law.[15]
  •  China – China's Foreign Ministry spokesperson stated that China held "Syria's sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity must be respected and upheld", noted that several sides had "expressed concerns" over Turkey's military operation and urged Turkey to "exercise restraint".[16]
  •  Czech Republic – Czech Foreign Minister Tomáš Petříček stated his opposition to the Turkish operation and argued that it would worsen the situation of civilians and refugees.[17]
  •  Denmark – Minister of Foreign Affairs Jeppe Kofod tweeted that he is "deeply concerned about" the situation and believed the offensive to be "a regrettable and wrong decision" on Turkey's part, fearing that it could "have serious consequences for civilians and the fight against ISIL."[12] On 10 October, Denmark condemned the operation.[18]
  •  Egypt – Egypt's Foreign Ministry condemned Turkey's offensive. It also called for the UN Security Council to halt "any attempts to occupy Syrian territories" or "change the demographics in northern Syria". In addition, it called for an emergency meeting of the Arab League.[19]
  •  Finland – Finland condemned Turkey's attack on Syria and freezed arms export permissions to Turkey.[20]
  •  France – Foreign Minister Jean-Yves Le Drian condemned the unilateral Turkish operation in northeast Syria on 9 October 2019, and declared "is jeopardising the anti-Islamic State coalition’s security and humanitarian efforts and is a risk for the security of Europeans. It has to end".[21] France and Britain call for Security council meeting.[22]
  •  Germany – Minister for Foreign Affairs Heiko Maas warned that the offensive would cause more destabilization in the region and could cause ISIS to grow.[12]
  •  Greece – Minister for Foreign Affairs Nikos Dendias condemned Turkey's invasion of Syria, stating that "Turkey is making a big mistake". Furthermore, about Turkey's plans for the creation of a safe zone in Northern Syria for the immigrants to be resettled, at the expense of the local Kurdish population he stated that it "is illegal since the resettlement of immigrants must comply with some basic principles: to be voluntary and dignified. [...] Therefore, what Turkey does, goes against human rights".[23]
  •  Hungary – Hungary vetoed an attempt by the EU member states to unanimously issue a warning against the operation citing "countries have rights to protect their borders".[24][25]
  •  Iceland – Iceland strongly condemned 'the Turkish move against Kurds' and called on Turkey to end the operation.[26]
  •  India – India condemned Turkey for its unilateral military move, claiming it would undermine regional stability and the fight against terrorism.[27]
  •  Ireland – Ireland stated that unilateral military action cannot be condoned and was deeply troubled by the Turkish operation.[28]
  •  Israel – Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu condemned the operation and warned against ethnic cleansing of Kurds by Turkey and its proxies, and stated that "Israel is prepared to extend humanitarian assistance to the gallant Kurdish people."[29]
  •  Iran – Foreign minister Mohammad Javad Zarif has voiced opposition to the offensive viewing it as a violation of Syria's sovereignty.[30] However regarding the US withdrawal from Syria Zarif commented saying the US was an "irrelevant occupier in Syria", and said that Iran would be willing to mediate tensions between Syria and Turkey.[31] In addition, Iran's parliamentary speaker Ali Larijani cancelled his scheduled trip to Turkey.[19]
  •  Iraq – President Barham Salih condemned the operation, stating that "Turkey’s military incursion into Syria is a grave escalation; will cause untold humanitarian suffering, empower terrorist groups. The world must unite to avert a catastrophe, promote political resolution to the rights of all Syrians, including Kurds, to peace, dignity & security".[32]
  •  Italy – Prime Minister Giuseppe Conte stated that the offensive puts the region's civilians and stability in jeopardy.[12] Italian Foreign Minister condemned the operation, declaring that the offensive against Kurdish forces in Syria is "unacceptable" and calling for an immediate end to the fighting.[33]
  •  Japan– Foreign minister, Toshimitsu Motegi, said in a statement: "Japan is deeply concerned that the latest military operation would make the settlement of Syrian crisis more difficult and cause further deterioration of the humanitarian situation. Japan once again underscores its position that the Syrian crisis cannot be solved by any military means."[34]
  •  Jordan – Jordan urged Turkey to halt the offensive and to solve all issues diplomatically.[35]
  •  Kuwait – Kuwait stated that it was concerned about how the offensive might negatively affect the peacefulness and stability of the region and called for restraint.[12]
  •  Latvia – Latvian Foreign Minister Edgars Rinkēvičs described the operation as 'disturbing' and urged Turkey to cease its operation to pursue a political solution.[36]
  •  Lebanon – Lebanon condemned the operation and called on Turkey to rethink its move.[37]
  •  Luxembourg – Luxembourg condemned the operation and called on Turkey to cease its actions.[38]
  •  Netherlands – Minister of Foreign Affairs Stef Blok tweeted that Turkey should not "follow the path it has chosen", noting that "[t]he operation can trigger new refugee flows and harm the fight against IS and stability in the region."[12]
  •  Norway – Norway called on Turkey to end the operation and to respect international law[39][40]
  •  Pakistan – Spokesman for Foreign Ministry has welcomed the operation, and said "We appreciate Turkey’s positive role in finding a viable political solution to the conflict in Syria. We also acknowledge Turkey’s humanitarian efforts by graciously hosting over 3.5 million Syrian refugees. We recognize Turkey’s legitimate security concerns in the region." Also added that Pakistan and Turkey were "a victim of terrorism".[41][42]
  •  Poland – Poland stated that they hoped the operation would end as soon as possible and feared that the operation would deteriorate the humanitarian situation in the region.[43]
  •  Qatar – Qatar announced its support on Turkish military operation.[44]
  •  Russia – President Vladimir Putin called a meeting of the Security Council of Russia on 8 October to discuss the issue.[45] He spoke to Erdoğan by phone the next day; Putin urged his Turkish partners to carefully consider the situation so as not to damage the overall efforts to resolve the Syrian crisis.[46] The Russian government also stated that Turkey has a right to defend itself, but called upon foreign militaries with what it described as an illegal presence in Syria to leave.[47]
  •  Saudi Arabia – The government of Saudi Arabia condemned Turkey's actions in a statement, saying that the operation "has negative repercussions on the security and stability of the region".[48] The Saudi foreign ministry also claimed that the offensive is a violation of Syria's unity, independence and sovereignty.[13]
  •  Slovenia – Slovenia stated that it is deeply concerned and urged Turkey cease the operation and to find a political solution.[49]
  •  Spain – The Spanish Delegation to NATO wrote on their official Twitter account, that NATO "support to Turkey is aimed at contributing to a de-escalation of the crisis along the Alliance’s border".[50] However, the tweet was later deleted.[51]
  •  Sweden – Sweden stated that the Turkish operation was a threat to the region and the Kurdish efforts against ISIS. Moreover, Turkey was urged not to escalate the situation.[52][53]
  •   Switzerland – Switzerland stated that they were following the situation closely and called for restraint.[54]
  •  United Arab Emirates – The UAE stated that they condemn the Turkish interference and offensive in Syria in the strongest terms.[13]
  •  United Kingdom – In a telephone call with US President Donald Trump, Prime Minister Boris Johnson described the offensive as an "invasion" and expressed "serious concern".[55] Foreign Secretary Dominic Raab said: "I have serious concerns about the unilateral military action that Turkey has taken. This risks destabilising the region, exacerbating humanitarian suffering, and undermining the progress made against Daesh which should be our collective focus."[56]
  •  United States – President Donald Trump stated that "the United States does not endorse this attack and has made it clear to Turkey that this operation is a bad idea."[57] Trump has threatened to devastate the economy of Turkey if they do "anything that I, in my great and unmatched wisdom, consider to be off limits".[58] However, Trump defended his decision to withdraw American troops, arguing that the Kurds "didn't help us in the Second World War, they didn't help us with Normandy as an example".[59] Trump also stated: "Alliances are very easy. But our alliances have taken advantage of us".[59] Secretary of State Mike Pompeo denied that the United States had given a 'green light' for Turkey to attack the Kurds. However, Pompeo defended the Turkish military action, stating that Turkey has a "legitimate security concern" with "a terrorist threat to their south".[60] Senator Lindsey Graham warned that he would "introduce bipartisan sanctions against Turkey if they invade Syria". He said he would also "call for their suspension from NATO if they attack Kurdish forces who assisted the United States in the destruction of the ISIS Caliphate".[61]

Supranational

  •  Arab League – Secretary-General Ahmed Aboul Gheit called the offensive a "blatant violation of Syria's sovereignty". The Arab League will meet in Cairo on 12 October 2019 to discuss Turkey's actions.[12]
  •  European Union – On 8 October 2019, European Commissioner for migration Dimitris Avramopoulos said that "the European Union remains committed to the unity, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Syrian state".[62] High Representative Federica Mogherini issued a declaration on behalf of the EU on 9 October 2019 stating that "In light of the Turkish military operation in north-east Syria, the EU reaffirms that a sustainable solution to the Syrian conflict cannot be achieved militarily. The EU calls upon Turkey to cease the unilateral military action."[63]
  •  NATO – Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg said that Turkey is "at the forefront of the crisis and has legitimate security concerns", having suffered terrorist attacks and hosting millions of refugees. He added that NATO was informed by Turkish authorities about the ongoing operations in Northern Syria. He further stated that it was "important to avoid actions that may further destabilise the region, escalate tensions, and cause more human suffering." He called on Turkey to "act with restraint" and said that the gains made against ISIS should not be jeopardized.[64]
  •  United Nations – The UN cautioned regarding the offensive calling for the protection of civilians. Panos Moumtzis, the UN's Regional Humanitarian Coordinator for Syria, commented saying "Any (military) operation that takes place at the moment has to take into account to ensure that we don’t see any further displacement."[65]
  • Genocide Watch, member and current Coordinator of the Alliance Against Genocide, renewed a genocide alert as all the stages of the genocidal process identified by Gregory Stanton are far advanced, and it stated that Turkey is planning genocide and crimes against humanity in Northeastern Syria. It also noted that 100,000 Christians live in the area Turkey will invade and Turkey and its predecessor, the Ottoman Empire, have a century old history of genocide against Christians.[66]

Other regional actors

References

  1. ^ "How Turkey's Syria offensive is being received by opposition parties".
  2. ^ "Erdoğan muhalefet liderlerini bilgilendirdi" (in Turkish).
  3. ^ "A new military front in Northern Syria will deepen the deadlock". www.hdp.org.tr.
  4. ^ "Turkish public, politicians voice support for Syria military push". Al-Jazeera. 10 October 2019.
  5. ^ "Turkey says over 20 people arrested for 'terrorist propaganda'". Business Day. 10 October 2019.
  6. ^ "Turkish police investigate Kurdish leaders, fire water cannon at protesters". Reuters. 10 October 2019.
  7. ^ Desk, News (2019-10-09). "Syrian gov't slams new Turkish operation in Syria". AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. Retrieved 2019-10-09. {{cite web}}: |first= has generic name (help)
  8. ^ "Turkey: Preparations 'complete' for Syria military action". www.aljazeera.com.
  9. ^ [1]
  10. ^ "Statement by the MFA of Armenia on the military invasion by Turkey in the north-eastern Syria". www.mfa.am (in Armenian). Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  11. ^ "Armenia condemns Turkey's invasion in Syria, says PM". armenpress.am. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  12. ^ a b c d e f g "World reacts to Turkey's military operation in northeast Syria". Al Jazeera. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  13. ^ a b c "Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, and Egypt condemn Turkey's aggression on Syria". english.alarabiya.net.
  14. ^ "Canada condemns Turkey's military action against Kurdish forces". Reuters. October 9, 2019.
  15. ^ "Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Cyprus on the Turkish invasion of Syria". www.pio.gov.cy. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  16. ^ "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang's Regular Press Conference on October 10, 2019 – Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States of America". www.china-embassy.org. Retrieved 2019-10-10.
  17. ^ "Statement of the Minister of Foreign Affairs Tomáš Petříček on the Turkish Offensive in Northern Syria". mzv.cz. 9 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  18. ^ "Danmark har fordømt Tyrkiets offensiv i Syrien over for ambassadør". jyllands-posten.dk. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  19. ^ a b "Turkey-Syria border: All the latest updates". aljazeera.com.
  20. ^ "Suomi tuomitsee Turkin hyökkäyksen Syyriaan – asevientiluvat Turkkiin jäädytetään". YLE (in Finnish). 2019-10-09. Retrieved 2019-10-10.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ^ "France says Turkey operation jeopardises security and humanitarian efforts". 9 October 2019.
  22. ^ VOA News (10 October 2019). "UN Security Council to Discuss Turkey's Offensive Against Kurds". VOA.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  23. ^ "Dendias: Turkey in Syria is making a big mistake (original: Δένδιας: Η Τουρκία στη Συρία κάνει μεγάλο λάθος)". Eleutheros Typos. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  24. ^ Lovas, Gergö (9 October 2019). "Spiegel: Hungarian veto delays EU warning to Turkey against invading Syria". Index.hu. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  25. ^ "Macaristan AB'nin Türkiye bildirisini veto etti". Finans Gündem. 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  26. ^ "Iceland criticises the Turkish military offensive in Syria". Government of Iceland. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  27. ^ "India slams Turkey for its 'unilateral military offensive' in northeast Syria | India News – Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  28. ^ "October – Tánaiste's statement on situation in north-eastern Syria – Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade". www.dfa.ie. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  29. ^ "Netanyahu Warns Against Turkey's Ethnic Cleansing of 'Gallant Kurds'; Vows to Assist". Haaretz. 10 October 2019.
  30. ^ "Iran opposes military action in Syria, Zarif tells Turkey". www.timesofisrael.com.
  31. ^ "US is "Irrelevant Occupier in Syria" – Iran's Foreign Minister Zarif". sputniknews.com.
  32. ^ Salih, Barham (2019-10-09). "Turkey's military incursion into Syria is a grave escalation; will cause untold humanitarian suffering, empower terrorist groups. The world must unite to avert a catastrophe, promote political resolution to the rights of all Syrians, including Kurds, to peace, dignity & security". @BarhamSalih. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  33. ^ "Turkish operation in Syria is 'unacceptable': Italian foreign minister". October 10, 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  34. ^ "Countries unite to oppose Turkey's Syria operation". NBC News. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  35. ^ "Jordan calls on Turkey to stop attack on Syria – Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  36. ^ "Very disturbing news on #urkey launching military operation in Northeast of Syria". 9 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  37. ^ "Lebanon condemns Turkey operation in Syria". www.dailystar.com.lb. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  38. ^ "FM Jean Asselborn calls upon Turkey to cease its unilateral military action in north-east Syria". Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  39. ^ "Deeply dismayed by unilateral Turkish military action in NE #Syria and call on Turkey to cease operation". Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  40. ^ "Norge ber Tyrkia vise tilbakeholdenhet". www.abcnyheter.no (in Norwegian). 9 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  41. ^ "India expresses 'deep concern' over Turkish invasion of northern Syria; Pak lauds Ankara's 'positive role'". WION.
  42. ^ "Pakistan appreciates Turkey's positive role in Syria". www.aa.com.tr.
  43. ^ "Statement on the escalation of the situation in northeastern Syria – Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland – Gov.pl website". Ministry of Foreign Affairs Republic of Poland. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  44. ^ "Turkey, Qatar defense ministers discuss Turkish operation in Syria - Xinhua | English.news.cn". www.xinhuanet.com.
  45. ^ "Meeting with Security Council permanent members". President of Russia. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |website= at position 13 (help)
  46. ^ "Telephone conversation with President of Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdogan". President of Russia. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |website= at position 13 (help)
  47. ^ "Explainer: Turkish operation may redraw map of Syrian war once again". 9 October 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  48. ^ Ministry, Foreign (2019-10-09). "#KSA pointed out that the seriousness of this aggression on northeastern Syria has negative repercussions on the security and stability of the region, especially undermining the int'l efforts in combating ISIS organization". @KSAmofaEN. Retrieved 2019-10-09.
  49. ^ "MFA on Turkish military operation in north-east Syria". 10 October 2019. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  50. ^ "Spain declares support for Turkey military operation in Syria". Retrieved 11 October 2019.
  51. ^ [2]
  52. ^ "Kurdernas insatser för att besegra Daesh och förhindra spridningen av terrorism i regionen har varit centralt" (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  53. ^ "Vi uppmanar Turkiet att inte eskalera situationen i nordöstra Syrien" (in Swedish). Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  54. ^ "Switzerland calls for restraint in latest Syria violence". SWI swissinfo.ch. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  55. ^ Prime Minister's Office, PM call with President Trump: 9 October 2019, accessed 10 October 2019
  56. ^ "Turkish unilateral military action in north east Syria: UK government statement". GOV.UK. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
  57. ^ Washington, Bethan McKernan Julian Borger in; Sabbaghdefence, Dan; editor, security (9 October 2019). "Turkey unleashes airstrikes against Kurds in north-east Syria" – via www.theguardian.com. {{cite web}}: |last3= has generic name (help)
  58. ^ Blake, Aaron (10 October 2019). "'They didn't help us with Normandy': Trump abandons the Kurds — rhetorically if not literally". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  59. ^ a b Singh, Maanvi (October 9, 2019). "Trump defends Syria decision by saying Kurds 'didn't help us with Normandy'". The Guardian. Retrieved October 10, 2019.
  60. ^ Rogin, Ali (9 October 2019). "Turkey had 'legitimate security concern' in attacking Syrian Kurds, Pompeo says". PBS Newshour. Retrieved 10 October 2019.
  61. ^ "Lindsey Graham turns on Trump over 'disaster' Syria move". The Independent. 7 October 2019.
  62. ^ "EU concerned at new migrant wave from Turkish operation in Syria". France 24. 8 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  63. ^ "Declaration by the High Representative on behalf of the EU on recent developments in north-east Syria". 9 October 2019.
  64. ^ [3] by NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg at the joint press point with the President of the Council of Ministers of Italy, Giuseppe Conte
  65. ^ "U.N. calls for protecting civilians in northeast Syria". October 7, 2019 – via www.reuters.com.
  66. ^ https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/2019/10/08/Genocide-Watch-Turkey-is-planning-genocide-and-crimes-against-humanity-in-Northeastern-Syria?fbclid=IwAR0_q5L4uLxRzT_9PYg4QpfFfUvaEtobSJn627-EYmKtTWpvu7aJybpmhgQ
  67. ^ "KRG Statement on developments in Northeastern Syria". Kurdistan Regional Government. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  68. ^ [4]
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