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==North Atlantic Craton==
==North Atlantic Craton==


The North Atlantic Craton is exposed in parts of the coast of Labrador, parts of central [[Greenland]], the Scourian Complex of northwestern [[Scotland]] and is unexposed in northern [[Norway]]. The North Atlantic Craton fragmented 2450 to 2000 million years ago.<ref name=ryan>{{cite journal|title=Age and Tectonic Implications of Paleoproterozoic Granitoid Intrusions Within the Nain Province near Nain, Labrador|author1=Connelly, James N.|author2=Ryan, A. Bruce|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=36|issue=5|pages=833–853|date=1999|url=http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?issn=1480-3313&volume=36&issue=5&startPage=833|accessdate=June 13, 2010|bibcode = 1999CaJES..36..833C |doi = 10.1139/cjes-36-5-833 }}</ref>{{rp|847}} When North America and Europe rejoined, the North Atlantic Craton was triangular shaped with each side {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}}; this unit was separated when the [[Labrador Sea]] formed 61 to 40 million years ago. The crust of the North Atlantic Craton varies between {{convert|28|to|38|km|mi|abbr=on}} thick<ref name=funck>{{cite journal|title=Wide-Angle Seismic Imaging of Pristine Archean Crust in the Nain Province, Labrador|author1=Funck, Thomas Funck|author2=Louden, Keith E.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=35|issue=6|pages=672–685|date=1998|url=http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?issn=1480-3313&volume=35&issue=6&startPage=672|accessdate=June 13, 2010|doi=10.1139/cjes-35-6-672|bibcode = 1998CaJES..35..672F }}</ref>{{rp|673}} and its rocks are 85% [[Granite|granitoid]] gneisses. The Nain Province was intruded by the 1350- to 1290-million-year-old Nain Plutonic Suite;<ref name=funck/>{{rp|673}} composite [[anorthosite]]-granitic [[intrusion]]s which divide the Nain Province into the northern Saglek Block and the southern Hopedale Block.<ref name=wilton/>
The North Atlantic Craton is exposed in parts of the coast of Labrador, parts of central [[Greenland]], the Scourian Complex of northwestern [[Scotland]] and is unexposed in northern [[Norway]]. The North Atlantic Craton fragmented 2450 to 2000 million years ago.<ref name=ryan>{{cite journal|title=Age and Tectonic Implications of Paleoproterozoic Granitoid Intrusions Within the Nain Province near Nain, Labrador|author1=Connelly, James N.|author2=Ryan, A. Bruce|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=36|issue=5|pages=833–853|date=1999|url=http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?issn=1480-3313&volume=36&issue=5&startPage=833|accessdate=June 13, 2010|bibcode=1999CaJES..36..833C|doi=10.1139/cjes-36-5-833|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20121216005355/http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?issn=1480-3313&volume=36&issue=5&startPage=833|archivedate=December 16, 2012|df=}}</ref>{{rp|847}} When North America and Europe rejoined, the North Atlantic Craton was triangular shaped with each side {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}}; this unit was separated when the [[Labrador Sea]] formed 61 to 40 million years ago. The crust of the North Atlantic Craton varies between {{convert|28|to|38|km|mi|abbr=on}} thick<ref name=funck>{{cite journal|title=Wide-Angle Seismic Imaging of Pristine Archean Crust in the Nain Province, Labrador|author1=Funck, Thomas Funck|author2=Louden, Keith E.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=35|issue=6|pages=672–685|date=1998|url=http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?issn=1480-3313&volume=35&issue=6&startPage=672|accessdate=June 13, 2010|doi=10.1139/cjes-35-6-672|bibcode=1998CaJES..35..672F}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{rp|673}} and its rocks are 85% [[Granite|granitoid]] gneisses. The Nain Province was intruded by the 1350- to 1290-million-year-old Nain Plutonic Suite;<ref name=funck/>{{rp|673}} composite [[anorthosite]]-granitic [[intrusion]]s which divide the Nain Province into the northern Saglek Block and the southern Hopedale Block.<ref name=wilton/>


==Nain Province==
==Nain Province==


In Labrador the North Atlantic Craton is known as the Nain Province or Nain Craton. The Nain Province is more than {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name=wilton>{{cite journal|title=Metallogenic Overview of the Nain Province, Northern Labrador|author=Wilton, D. H. C.|journal=CIM Bulletin|issn=0317-0926|year=1996|volume=89|issue=99|page=43|publisher=Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Montréal, PQ, Canada|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3008102|accessdate=June 24, 2010}}</ref> The [[gneiss]]es of the Nain Province were last deformed and [[Metamorphism|metamorphosed]]<ref name=culshaw>{{cite journal|title=Kanairiktok Shear Zone: The Boundary Between the Paleoproterozoic Makkovik Province and the Archean Nain Province, Labrador, Canada|author1=Culshaw, N.|author2=Brown, T.|author3=Reynolds, P.H.|author4=Ketchum, J.W.F.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=37|pages=1245–1257|issue=9|year=2000|url=http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?issn=1480-3313&volume=37&issue=9&startPage=1245|accessdate=June 12, 2010|bibcode = 2000CaJES..37.1245C |doi = 10.1139/cjes-37-9-1245 }}</ref>{{rp|1245}} when two blocks docked together 2500 million years ago<ref name=mareschal/> with a collisional boundary extending {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the north and {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the south of [[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain, Labrador, Canada]].<ref name=connelly>{{cite journal|title=Late Archean evolution of the Nain Province, Nain, Labrador: imprint of a collision|author1=Connelly, J.N.|author2=Ryan, B.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=33|issue=9|pages=1325–1342|year=1996|doi=10.1139/e96-100|url=http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cjes&volume=33&year=1996&issue=9&msno=e96-100&calyLang=fra |accessdate=June 13, 2010|bibcode = 1996CaJES..33.1325C }}</ref> These two blocks appear to represent two distinct [[Archean]] cratonic nuclei, each with its own mineral depositional history.<ref name=wilton/>
In Labrador the North Atlantic Craton is known as the Nain Province or Nain Craton. The Nain Province is more than {{convert|600|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|100|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name=wilton>{{cite journal|title=Metallogenic Overview of the Nain Province, Northern Labrador|author=Wilton, D. H. C.|journal=CIM Bulletin|issn=0317-0926|year=1996|volume=89|issue=99|page=43|publisher=Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Montréal, PQ, Canada|url=http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3008102|accessdate=June 24, 2010}}</ref> The [[gneiss]]es of the Nain Province were last deformed and [[Metamorphism|metamorphosed]]<ref name=culshaw>{{cite journal|title=Kanairiktok Shear Zone: The Boundary Between the Paleoproterozoic Makkovik Province and the Archean Nain Province, Labrador, Canada|author1=Culshaw, N.|author2=Brown, T.|author3=Reynolds, P.H.|author4=Ketchum, J.W.F.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=37|pages=1245–1257|issue=9|year=2000|url=http://article.pubs.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/ppv/RPViewDoc?issn=1480-3313&volume=37&issue=9&startPage=1245|accessdate=June 12, 2010|bibcode=2000CaJES..37.1245C|doi=10.1139/cjes-37-9-1245}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>{{rp|1245}} when two blocks docked together 2500 million years ago<ref name=mareschal/> with a collisional boundary extending {{convert|200|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the north and {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} to the south of [[Nain, Newfoundland and Labrador|Nain, Labrador, Canada]].<ref name=connelly>{{cite journal|title=Late Archean evolution of the Nain Province, Nain, Labrador: imprint of a collision|author1=Connelly, J.N.|author2=Ryan, B.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=33|issue=9|pages=1325–1342|year=1996|doi=10.1139/e96-100|url=http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?journal=cjes&volume=33&year=1996&issue=9&msno=e96-100&calyLang=fra|accessdate=June 13, 2010|bibcode=1996CaJES..33.1325C}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> These two blocks appear to represent two distinct [[Archean]] cratonic nuclei, each with its own mineral depositional history.<ref name=wilton/>
Major granitic intrusions &ndash; the Wheeler Mountain, Halbach, Alliger, Sheet Hill, Loon Island, [[Red Island, Newfoundland and Labrador|Red Island]], and Satok Island intrusions &ndash; form a north-trending {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} linear chain which have a southerly decrease in age &ndash; 2135-million-year-old Wheeler Mountain granite in the north to the 2025-million-year-old Satok Island monzonite in the south.<ref name=ryan/>{{rp|847,848}} The Nain Province was then intruded by the 1350- to 1290-million-year-old Nain Plutonic Suite;<ref name=funck/>{{rp|673}} composite anorthosite-granitic intrusions which divide the Nain Province into the northern Saglek block and the southern Hopedale block.<ref name=wilton/> The [[Torngat Mountains#Geology|Torngat]] [[Orogeny|orogen]] developed during the oblique [[Convergent boundary|convergence]] of the [[Superior Craton|Superior]] and Nain Provinces<ref name=hall>{{cite journal|title=Three-Dimensional Structure of the Torngat Orogen (NE Canada) from Active Seismic Tomography|author1=Funck, Thomas|author2=Louden, Keith E.|author3=Wardle, Richard J.|author4=Hall, Jeremy|author5=Hobro, James W.|author6=Salisbury, Matthew H.|author7=Muzzatti, Angelina M.|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=105|issue=B10|pages=23,403–23,420|year=2000|doi=10.1029/2000JB900228|url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2000/2000JB900228.shtml|accessdate=June 13, 2010|bibcode=2000JGR...10523403F}}</ref>{{rp|23,403}} 900 million years ago.
Major granitic intrusions &ndash; the Wheeler Mountain, Halbach, Alliger, Sheet Hill, Loon Island, [[Red Island, Newfoundland and Labrador|Red Island]], and Satok Island intrusions &ndash; form a north-trending {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} linear chain which have a southerly decrease in age &ndash; 2135-million-year-old Wheeler Mountain granite in the north to the 2025-million-year-old Satok Island monzonite in the south.<ref name=ryan/>{{rp|847,848}} The Nain Province was then intruded by the 1350- to 1290-million-year-old Nain Plutonic Suite;<ref name=funck/>{{rp|673}} composite anorthosite-granitic intrusions which divide the Nain Province into the northern Saglek block and the southern Hopedale block.<ref name=wilton/> The [[Torngat Mountains#Geology|Torngat]] [[Orogeny|orogen]] developed during the oblique [[Convergent boundary|convergence]] of the [[Superior Craton|Superior]] and Nain Provinces<ref name=hall>{{cite journal|title=Three-Dimensional Structure of the Torngat Orogen (NE Canada) from Active Seismic Tomography|author1=Funck, Thomas|author2=Louden, Keith E.|author3=Wardle, Richard J.|author4=Hall, Jeremy|author5=Hobro, James W.|author6=Salisbury, Matthew H.|author7=Muzzatti, Angelina M.|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=105|issue=B10|pages=23,403–23,420|year=2000|doi=10.1029/2000JB900228|url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/2000/2000JB900228.shtml|accessdate=June 13, 2010|bibcode=2000JGR...10523403F}}</ref>{{rp|23,403}} 900 million years ago.
The [[crystal]]line [[Crust (geology)|crust]] in the Nain Province is {{convert|38|km|mi|abbr=on}} thick; it thins to {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}} thick in the shelf area of the Labrador margin, where it is covered with up to {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} of sediments.<ref name=louden>{{cite journal|title=Wide-angle Seismic Transect Across the Torngat Orogen, Northern Labrador: Evidence for a Proterozoic Crustal Root|author1=Funck, Thomas|author2=Louden, Keith E.|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=104|issue=B4|page=7463|doi=10.1029/1999jb900010 |url=http://europa.agu.org/?uri=/journals/jb/1999JB900010.xml&view=article|accessdate=June 13, 2010|bibcode=1999JGR...104.7463F}}</ref>
The [[crystal]]line [[Crust (geology)|crust]] in the Nain Province is {{convert|38|km|mi|abbr=on}} thick; it thins to {{convert|9|km|mi|abbr=on}} thick in the shelf area of the Labrador margin, where it is covered with up to {{convert|8|km|mi|abbr=on}} of sediments.<ref name=louden>{{cite journal|title=Wide-angle Seismic Transect Across the Torngat Orogen, Northern Labrador: Evidence for a Proterozoic Crustal Root|author1=Funck, Thomas|author2=Louden, Keith E.|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=104|issue=B4|page=7463|doi=10.1029/1999jb900010 |url=http://europa.agu.org/?uri=/journals/jb/1999JB900010.xml&view=article|accessdate=June 13, 2010|bibcode=1999JGR...104.7463F}}</ref>
Line 17: Line 17:
The 3800- to 3300-million-year-old Saglek block<ref name=mareschal/> is {{convert|375|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide;<ref name=wilton/> it has a north-northwesterly trend from Nain, Labrador, extending nearly to the northern tip of Labrador. This block is a high-grade gneiss terrane; it has no [[greenstone belt]]s.<ref name=wilton/> Within the gneiss are variably-sized enclaves ranging from [[anorthosite]] to [[ultramafic]].<ref name=wilton/> There are also three small anorthositic, ultramafic meta-igneous complexes in the gneiss near Okak Bay.<ref name=wilton/>
The 3800- to 3300-million-year-old Saglek block<ref name=mareschal/> is {{convert|375|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide;<ref name=wilton/> it has a north-northwesterly trend from Nain, Labrador, extending nearly to the northern tip of Labrador. This block is a high-grade gneiss terrane; it has no [[greenstone belt]]s.<ref name=wilton/> Within the gneiss are variably-sized enclaves ranging from [[anorthosite]] to [[ultramafic]].<ref name=wilton/> There are also three small anorthositic, ultramafic meta-igneous complexes in the gneiss near Okak Bay.<ref name=wilton/>


The northward&ndash;trending Handy fault separates the Saglek block into two metamorphic parts.<ref name=funck/>{{rp|673}} The gneiss complex on the western side of the Handy fault has rocks that crystallized under [[Granulite|granulite facies]] conditions; this western block is more deeply exposed than the eastern one.<ref name=funck/>{{rp|681}} On the eastern side [[Amphibolite#Amphibolite facies|amphibolite facies]] rocks are exposed in the northern part; they transition to granulite facies to the south.<ref name=funck/>{{rp|673}} The total crustal thickness is {{convert|33|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of the fault and {{convert|38|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of the fault.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Wide-Angle Seismic Imaging of Pristine Archean Crust in the Nain Province, Labrador|author1=Funck, Thomas|author2=Louden, Keith E.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=35|issue=6|pages=672–685|date=1998|doi=10.1139/cjes-35-6-672|url=http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng&journal=cjes&volume=35&year=1998&issue-6&msno=e98-019|accessdate=June 20, 2010|bibcode = 1998CaJES..35..672F }}</ref>
The northward&ndash;trending Handy fault separates the Saglek block into two metamorphic parts.<ref name=funck/>{{rp|673}} The gneiss complex on the western side of the Handy fault has rocks that crystallized under [[Granulite|granulite facies]] conditions; this western block is more deeply exposed than the eastern one.<ref name=funck/>{{rp|681}} On the eastern side [[Amphibolite#Amphibolite facies|amphibolite facies]] rocks are exposed in the northern part; they transition to granulite facies to the south.<ref name=funck/>{{rp|673}} The total crustal thickness is {{convert|33|km|mi|abbr=on}} north of the fault and {{convert|38|km|mi|abbr=on}} south of the fault.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Wide-Angle Seismic Imaging of Pristine Archean Crust in the Nain Province, Labrador|author1=Funck, Thomas|author2=Louden, Keith E.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=35|issue=6|pages=672–685|date=1998|doi=10.1139/cjes-35-6-672|url=http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng&journal=cjes&volume=35&year=1998&issue-6&msno=e98-019|accessdate=June 20, 2010|bibcode=1998CaJES..35..672F}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


==Hopedale block==
==Hopedale block==
Line 23: Line 23:
[[File:Hunt River and Florence Lake greenstone belts.png|thumb|left|alt=This is a map of the Hunt River and Florence Lake greenstone belts in Labrador, Canada.|Hunt River and Florence Lake greenstone belts]]
[[File:Hunt River and Florence Lake greenstone belts.png|thumb|left|alt=This is a map of the Hunt River and Florence Lake greenstone belts in Labrador, Canada.|Hunt River and Florence Lake greenstone belts]]


The 3100- to 2800-million-year-old Hopedale block<ref name=mareschal>{{cite journal|title=Low mantle heat flow at the edge of the North American continent, Voisey Bay, Labrador|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=27|issue=6|pages=823–826|doi=10.1029/1999GL011069 |date=March 15, 2000|author1=Mareschal, J.C.|display-authors=4|author2=Poirier, A.|author3=Rolandone, F.|author4=Bienfait, G.|author5=Gariepy, C.|author6=Lapointe, R.|author7=Jaupart, C.|url=http://www.unites.uqam.ca?geotop/geophysique/ARTICLES/1999GL011069.pdf|accessdate=June 12, 2010|bibcode=2000GeoRL..27..823M}}</ref> is {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name=wilton/> Hopedale, Labrador, is at the eastern midpoint. This block contains the 3100-million-year-old<ref name=james>{{cite journal|title=Evolution of 3.1 and 3.0 Ga Volcanic Belts and a New Thermotectonic Model for the Hopedale Block, North Atlantic Craton (Canada)|author1=James, D.T.|author2=Kamo, S.|author3=Krogh, T.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences |volume=39|issue=5|pages=687–710|date=2002|doi=10.1139/e01-092|url=http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng&journal=cjes&volume=39&year=2002&issue=5&msno=e01-092|accessdate=June 30, 2010|bibcode = 2002CaJES..39..687J }}</ref> [[Hunt River greenstone belt|Hunt River]] and 3000-million-year-old Florence Lake greenstone belts, and the Weekes amphibolite which represents remnants of the older Hunt River greenstone belt.<ref name=wilton/>
The 3100- to 2800-million-year-old Hopedale block<ref name=mareschal>{{cite journal|title=Low mantle heat flow at the edge of the North American continent, Voisey Bay, Labrador|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|volume=27|issue=6|pages=823–826|doi=10.1029/1999GL011069 |date=March 15, 2000|author1=Mareschal, J.C.|display-authors=4|author2=Poirier, A.|author3=Rolandone, F.|author4=Bienfait, G.|author5=Gariepy, C.|author6=Lapointe, R.|author7=Jaupart, C.|url=http://www.unites.uqam.ca?geotop/geophysique/ARTICLES/1999GL011069.pdf|accessdate=June 12, 2010|bibcode=2000GeoRL..27..823M}}</ref> is {{convert|150|km|mi|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|90|km|mi|abbr=on}} wide.<ref name=wilton/> Hopedale, Labrador, is at the eastern midpoint. This block contains the 3100-million-year-old<ref name=james>{{cite journal|title=Evolution of 3.1 and 3.0 Ga Volcanic Belts and a New Thermotectonic Model for the Hopedale Block, North Atlantic Craton (Canada)|author1=James, D.T.|author2=Kamo, S.|author3=Krogh, T.|journal=Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences|volume=39|issue=5|pages=687–710|date=2002|doi=10.1139/e01-092|url=http://rparticle.web-p.cisti.nrc.ca/rparticle/AbstractTemplateServlet?calyLang=eng&journal=cjes&volume=39&year=2002&issue=5&msno=e01-092|accessdate=June 30, 2010|bibcode=2002CaJES..39..687J}}{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> [[Hunt River greenstone belt|Hunt River]] and 3000-million-year-old Florence Lake greenstone belts, and the Weekes amphibolite which represents remnants of the older Hunt River greenstone belt.<ref name=wilton/>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 13:15, 11 February 2018

Map showing cities and geographic features of Labrador, Canada.
Note Saglek Bay, Nain and Hopedale

In Labrador, Canada, the North Atlantic Craton is known as the Nain Province. The Nain geologic province was intruded by the Nain Plutonic Suite which divides the province into the northern Saglek block and the southern Hopedale block.[1]

North Atlantic Craton

The North Atlantic Craton is exposed in parts of the coast of Labrador, parts of central Greenland, the Scourian Complex of northwestern Scotland and is unexposed in northern Norway. The North Atlantic Craton fragmented 2450 to 2000 million years ago.[2]: 847  When North America and Europe rejoined, the North Atlantic Craton was triangular shaped with each side 600 km (370 mi); this unit was separated when the Labrador Sea formed 61 to 40 million years ago. The crust of the North Atlantic Craton varies between 28 to 38 km (17 to 24 mi) thick[3]: 673  and its rocks are 85% granitoid gneisses. The Nain Province was intruded by the 1350- to 1290-million-year-old Nain Plutonic Suite;[3]: 673  composite anorthosite-granitic intrusions which divide the Nain Province into the northern Saglek Block and the southern Hopedale Block.[1]

Nain Province

In Labrador the North Atlantic Craton is known as the Nain Province or Nain Craton. The Nain Province is more than 600 km (370 mi) long and 100 km (62 mi) wide.[1] The gneisses of the Nain Province were last deformed and metamorphosed[4]: 1245  when two blocks docked together 2500 million years ago[5] with a collisional boundary extending 200 km (120 mi) to the north and 150 km (93 mi) to the south of Nain, Labrador, Canada.[6] These two blocks appear to represent two distinct Archean cratonic nuclei, each with its own mineral depositional history.[1] Major granitic intrusions – the Wheeler Mountain, Halbach, Alliger, Sheet Hill, Loon Island, Red Island, and Satok Island intrusions – form a north-trending 150 km (93 mi) linear chain which have a southerly decrease in age – 2135-million-year-old Wheeler Mountain granite in the north to the 2025-million-year-old Satok Island monzonite in the south.[2]: 847, 848  The Nain Province was then intruded by the 1350- to 1290-million-year-old Nain Plutonic Suite;[3]: 673  composite anorthosite-granitic intrusions which divide the Nain Province into the northern Saglek block and the southern Hopedale block.[1] The Torngat orogen developed during the oblique convergence of the Superior and Nain Provinces[7]: 23, 403  900 million years ago. The crystalline crust in the Nain Province is 38 km (24 mi) thick; it thins to 9 km (5.6 mi) thick in the shelf area of the Labrador margin, where it is covered with up to 8 km (5.0 mi) of sediments.[8]

Saglek block

The 3800- to 3300-million-year-old Saglek block[5] is 375 km (233 mi) long and 50 km (31 mi) wide;[1] it has a north-northwesterly trend from Nain, Labrador, extending nearly to the northern tip of Labrador. This block is a high-grade gneiss terrane; it has no greenstone belts.[1] Within the gneiss are variably-sized enclaves ranging from anorthosite to ultramafic.[1] There are also three small anorthositic, ultramafic meta-igneous complexes in the gneiss near Okak Bay.[1]

The northward–trending Handy fault separates the Saglek block into two metamorphic parts.[3]: 673  The gneiss complex on the western side of the Handy fault has rocks that crystallized under granulite facies conditions; this western block is more deeply exposed than the eastern one.[3]: 681  On the eastern side amphibolite facies rocks are exposed in the northern part; they transition to granulite facies to the south.[3]: 673  The total crustal thickness is 33 km (21 mi) north of the fault and 38 km (24 mi) south of the fault.[9]

Hopedale block

This is a map of the Hunt River and Florence Lake greenstone belts in Labrador, Canada.
Hunt River and Florence Lake greenstone belts

The 3100- to 2800-million-year-old Hopedale block[5] is 150 km (93 mi) long and 90 km (56 mi) wide.[1] Hopedale, Labrador, is at the eastern midpoint. This block contains the 3100-million-year-old[10] Hunt River and 3000-million-year-old Florence Lake greenstone belts, and the Weekes amphibolite which represents remnants of the older Hunt River greenstone belt.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Wilton, D. H. C. (1996). "Metallogenic Overview of the Nain Province, Northern Labrador". CIM Bulletin. 89 (99). Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, Montréal, PQ, Canada: 43. ISSN 0317-0926. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
  2. ^ a b Connelly, James N.; Ryan, A. Bruce (1999). "Age and Tectonic Implications of Paleoproterozoic Granitoid Intrusions Within the Nain Province near Nain, Labrador". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 36 (5): 833–853. Bibcode:1999CaJES..36..833C. doi:10.1139/cjes-36-5-833. Archived from the original on December 16, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2010. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f Funck, Thomas Funck; Louden, Keith E. (1998). "Wide-Angle Seismic Imaging of Pristine Archean Crust in the Nain Province, Labrador". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 35 (6): 672–685. Bibcode:1998CaJES..35..672F. doi:10.1139/cjes-35-6-672. Retrieved June 13, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ Culshaw, N.; Brown, T.; Reynolds, P.H.; Ketchum, J.W.F. (2000). "Kanairiktok Shear Zone: The Boundary Between the Paleoproterozoic Makkovik Province and the Archean Nain Province, Labrador, Canada". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 37 (9): 1245–1257. Bibcode:2000CaJES..37.1245C. doi:10.1139/cjes-37-9-1245. Retrieved June 12, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  5. ^ a b c Mareschal, J.C.; Poirier, A.; Rolandone, F.; Bienfait, G.; et al. (March 15, 2000). "Low mantle heat flow at the edge of the North American continent, Voisey Bay, Labrador" (PDF). Geophysical Research Letters. 27 (6): 823–826. Bibcode:2000GeoRL..27..823M. doi:10.1029/1999GL011069. Retrieved June 12, 2010.
  6. ^ Connelly, J.N.; Ryan, B. (1996). "Late Archean evolution of the Nain Province, Nain, Labrador: imprint of a collision". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 33 (9): 1325–1342. Bibcode:1996CaJES..33.1325C. doi:10.1139/e96-100. Retrieved June 13, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  7. ^ Funck, Thomas; Louden, Keith E.; Wardle, Richard J.; Hall, Jeremy; Hobro, James W.; Salisbury, Matthew H.; Muzzatti, Angelina M. (2000). "Three-Dimensional Structure of the Torngat Orogen (NE Canada) from Active Seismic Tomography". Journal of Geophysical Research. 105 (B10): 23, 403–23, 420. Bibcode:2000JGR...10523403F. doi:10.1029/2000JB900228. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  8. ^ Funck, Thomas; Louden, Keith E. "Wide-angle Seismic Transect Across the Torngat Orogen, Northern Labrador: Evidence for a Proterozoic Crustal Root". Journal of Geophysical Research. 104 (B4): 7463. Bibcode:1999JGR...104.7463F. doi:10.1029/1999jb900010. Retrieved June 13, 2010.
  9. ^ Funck, Thomas; Louden, Keith E. (1998). "Wide-Angle Seismic Imaging of Pristine Archean Crust in the Nain Province, Labrador". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 35 (6): 672–685. Bibcode:1998CaJES..35..672F. doi:10.1139/cjes-35-6-672. Retrieved June 20, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]
  10. ^ James, D.T.; Kamo, S.; Krogh, T. (2002). "Evolution of 3.1 and 3.0 Ga Volcanic Belts and a New Thermotectonic Model for the Hopedale Block, North Atlantic Craton (Canada)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 39 (5): 687–710. Bibcode:2002CaJES..39..687J. doi:10.1139/e01-092. Retrieved June 30, 2010.[permanent dead link‍]

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