Ray Hnatyshyn: Difference between revisions
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==Youth and political career== |
==Youth and political career== |
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Hnatyshyn, a [[Ukrainian Canadian]], was born in [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], to Helen Hnatyshyn and her husband, [[John Hnatyshyn|John]], whose political links and friendship with [[John Diefenbaker]], the future prime minister, would provide his son with frequent exposure to high-calibre political debate.<ref name=CBCOB>{{Citation| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/obit/hnatyshyn/| last=Bowman| first=John| title=Indepth Backgrounder: Ramon John Hnatyshyn| publisher=CBC| accessdate=March 5, 2009}}</ref> Hnatyshyn attended Victoria Public School and [[Nutana, Saskatoon#Education|Nutana Collegiate Institute]], and enrolled in the [[Royal Canadian Air Cadets]], where he was a member of 107 Spitfire Squadron in Saskatoon. After graduation from high school, went on to attend the [[University of Saskatchewan]], earning there in 1954 a [[Bachelor of Arts]] and, two years later, a [[Bachelor of Law]]. On January 9, 1960, Hnatyshyn married [[Gerda Hnatyshyn|Karen Gerda Nygaard Andreasen]], eventually having and raising two sons with her.<ref name=GGHnat>{{Citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=55| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| authorlink=Governor General of Canada| title=Role and Responsibilities > Former Governors General > The Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=February 4, 2010}}</ref> |
Hnatyshyn, a [[Ukrainian Canadian]], was born in [[Saskatoon]], [[Saskatchewan]], to Helen Hnatyshyn and her husband, [[John Hnatyshyn|John]], whose political links and friendship with [[John Diefenbaker]], the future prime minister, would provide his son with frequent exposure to high-calibre political debate.<ref name=CBCOB>{{Citation| url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/obit/hnatyshyn/| last=Bowman| first=John| title=Indepth Backgrounder: Ramon John Hnatyshyn| publisher=CBC| accessdate=March 5, 2009}}</ref> Hnatyshyn attended Victoria Public School and [[Nutana, Saskatoon#Education|Nutana Collegiate Institute]], and enrolled in the [[Royal Canadian Air Cadets]], where he was a member of 107 Spitfire Squadron in Saskatoon. After graduation from high school, went on to attend the [[University of Saskatchewan]], earning there in 1954 a [[Bachelor of Arts]] and, two years later, a [[Bachelor of Law]]. On January 9, 1960, Hnatyshyn married [[Gerda Hnatyshyn|Karen Gerda Nygaard Andreasen]], eventually having and raising two sons with her.<ref name=GGHnat>{{Citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/document.aspx?id=55| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| authorlink=Governor General of Canada| title=Role and Responsibilities > Former Governors General > The Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=February 4, 2010}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> |
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Two years after he was called to the bar of Saskatchewan in 1957, Hnatyshyn's family moved to [[Ottawa]] upon his father being summoned to the [[Senate of Canada|Senate]]. There, Hnatyshyn worked for his father's law firm while also lecturing at the University of Saskatchewan's [[University of Saskatchewan College of Law|College of Law]].<ref name=CBCOB /> However, he eventually set these jobs aside in order to run for the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]] in the [[Canadian federal election, 1974|1974 federal election]], therein winning a seat representing [[Saskatoon—Biggar]] in the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]].<ref name=GGHnat /> When that seat was abolished ahead of the [[Canadian federal election, 1979|1979 election]], Hnatyshyn followed most of his constituents into [[Saskatoon West]], where he served until his defeat in the [[Canadian federal election, 1988|election of 1988]]. During this time, he was appointed first, on April 2, 1979, to the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] chaired by [[Joe Clark]] (as [[Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)|Minister of Energy, Mines, and Resources]]), and then to that headed by [[Brian Mulroney]] (as [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]]) on June 30, 1986, the same year he was called to the [[Law Society of Upper Canada|bar of Ontario]]. |
Two years after he was called to the bar of Saskatchewan in 1957, Hnatyshyn's family moved to [[Ottawa]] upon his father being summoned to the [[Senate of Canada|Senate]]. There, Hnatyshyn worked for his father's law firm while also lecturing at the University of Saskatchewan's [[University of Saskatchewan College of Law|College of Law]].<ref name=CBCOB /> However, he eventually set these jobs aside in order to run for the [[Progressive Conservative Party of Canada|Progressive Conservative Party]] in the [[Canadian federal election, 1974|1974 federal election]], therein winning a seat representing [[Saskatoon—Biggar]] in the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]].<ref name=GGHnat /> When that seat was abolished ahead of the [[Canadian federal election, 1979|1979 election]], Hnatyshyn followed most of his constituents into [[Saskatoon West]], where he served until his defeat in the [[Canadian federal election, 1988|election of 1988]]. During this time, he was appointed first, on April 2, 1979, to the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]] chaired by [[Joe Clark]] (as [[Minister of Energy, Mines and Resources (Canada)|Minister of Energy, Mines, and Resources]]), and then to that headed by [[Brian Mulroney]] (as [[Minister of Justice (Canada)|Minister of Justice]]) on June 30, 1986, the same year he was called to the [[Law Society of Upper Canada|bar of Ontario]]. |
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It was on December 14, 1989, that [[Monarchy of Canada|Queen]] [[Elizabeth II]] had, by commission under the [[royal sign-manual]] and [[Great Seal of Canada]], appointed [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Brian Mulroney]]'s choice of Hnatyshyn to succeed [[Jeanne Sauvé]] as the Queen's representative. He was subsequently sworn-in during a ceremony in the Senate chamber on January 29, 1990.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}<!--Source needed for the claim that an "announcement was made by the office of the prime minister" on December 14, 1989--> |
It was on December 14, 1989, that [[Monarchy of Canada|Queen]] [[Elizabeth II]] had, by commission under the [[royal sign-manual]] and [[Great Seal of Canada]], appointed [[Prime Minister of Canada|Prime Minister]] [[Brian Mulroney]]'s choice of Hnatyshyn to succeed [[Jeanne Sauvé]] as the Queen's representative. He was subsequently sworn-in during a ceremony in the Senate chamber on January 29, 1990.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}}<!--Source needed for the claim that an "announcement was made by the office of the prime minister" on December 14, 1989--> |
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Hnatyshyn thereafter made an effort to open up [[Rideau Hall]]—the monarch's and governor general's residence in Ottawa<ref>{{Citation| last=Galbraith| first=William| title=Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit| journal=Canadian Parliamentary Review| volume=12| issue=3| publisher=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association| location=Ottawa| year=1989| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=130&art=820| accessdate=February 20, 2009}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Aimers| first=John| authorlink=John Aimers | title=The Palace on the Rideau| journal=Monarchy Canada| issue=Spring 1996| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| date=April 1996| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/palace.htm| accessdate=February 20, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131134713/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/palace.htm |archivedate=2009-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Lanctot| first=Gustave| authorlink=Gustave Lanctot| title=Royal Tour of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada and the United States of America 1939| publisher=E.P. Taylor Foundation| year=1964| location=Toronto| id=ASIN B0006EB752}}</ref><ref name=hnatysh>{{Citation| last=Toffoli| first=Gary| title=The Hnatyshyn Years| journal=Monarchy Canada| issue=Spring 1995| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| date=April 1995| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm| accessdate=February 20, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618093846/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm |archivedate=2009-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=MacLeod| first=Kevin S.| title=A Crown of Maples| place=Ottawa| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| year=2008| edition=1| page=34| url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/crnCdn/crn_mpls-eng.pdf| isbn=978-0-662-46012-1}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb| MacLeod| 2008| p=XIV}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Bousfield| first=Arthur |author2=Toffoli, Gary | title=Fifty Years the Queen| publisher=Dundurn Press| year=2002| location=Toronto| pages=10, 27| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8l5reK7NjoC&printsec=frontcover&q=| isbn=1-55002-360-8}}</ref>—to the public, establishing a visitors' centre and initiating guided tours of the palace and [[Rideau Hall#Grounds|the royal park in which it sits]]. These moves marked a complete reversal of the policies of Hnatyshyn's predecessor, who had closed Rideau Hall to the general public. In 1991, Hnatyshyn staged on the grounds the first of the annual Governor General's Summer Concert Series and, the year after, mounted His Excellency's Most Excellent Rock Concert and re-opened the skating rink to the public. These events blended with some of Hnatyshyn's self-imposed mandates during his viceregal tenure, which included a desire to engage Canadian youth and focus attention on education and to encourage the arts. In these veins, he established in 1992 the [[Governor General's Award#Governor General's Performing Arts Awards|Governor General's Performing Arts Award]], the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Arts, and the Governor General's Flight For Freedom Award for Lifetime Achievement in Literacy. Further, he founded the International Council for Canadian Studies, the Governor General Ramon John Hnatyshyn Education Fund, the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Law, and the [[Governor General's International Award for Canadian Studies]].<ref name=GGHnat/> |
Hnatyshyn thereafter made an effort to open up [[Rideau Hall]]—the monarch's and governor general's residence in Ottawa<ref>{{Citation| last=Galbraith| first=William| title=Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit| journal=Canadian Parliamentary Review| volume=12| issue=3| publisher=Commonwealth Parliamentary Association| location=Ottawa| year=1989| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/Infoparl/english/issue.asp?param=130&art=820| accessdate=February 20, 2009}}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Aimers| first=John| authorlink=John Aimers | title=The Palace on the Rideau| journal=Monarchy Canada| issue=Spring 1996| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| date=April 1996| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/palace.htm| accessdate=February 20, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090131134713/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/palace.htm |archivedate=2009-01-31}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Lanctot| first=Gustave| authorlink=Gustave Lanctot| title=Royal Tour of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada and the United States of America 1939| publisher=E.P. Taylor Foundation| year=1964| location=Toronto| id=ASIN B0006EB752}}</ref><ref name=hnatysh>{{Citation| last=Toffoli| first=Gary| title=The Hnatyshyn Years| journal=Monarchy Canada| issue=Spring 1995| publisher=Monarchist League of Canada| location=Toronto| date=April 1995| url=http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm| accessdate=February 20, 2009 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090618093846/http://www.monarchist.ca/mc/hnatysh.htm |archivedate=2009-06-18}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=MacLeod| first=Kevin S.| title=A Crown of Maples| place=Ottawa| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| year=2008| edition=1| page=34| url=http://www.pch.gc.ca/pgm/ceem-cced/fr-rf/crnCdn/crn_mpls-eng.pdf| isbn=978-0-662-46012-1}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb| MacLeod| 2008| p=XIV}}</ref><ref>{{Citation| last=Bousfield| first=Arthur |author2=Toffoli, Gary | title=Fifty Years the Queen| publisher=Dundurn Press| year=2002| location=Toronto| pages=10, 27| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8l5reK7NjoC&printsec=frontcover&q=| isbn=1-55002-360-8}}</ref>—to the public, establishing a visitors' centre and initiating guided tours of the palace and [[Rideau Hall#Grounds|the royal park in which it sits]]. These moves marked a complete reversal of the policies of Hnatyshyn's predecessor, who had closed Rideau Hall to the general public. In 1991, Hnatyshyn staged on the grounds the first of the annual Governor General's Summer Concert Series and, the year after, mounted His Excellency's Most Excellent Rock Concert and re-opened the skating rink to the public. These events blended with some of Hnatyshyn's self-imposed mandates during his viceregal tenure, which included a desire to engage Canadian youth and focus attention on education and to encourage the arts. In these veins, he established in 1992 the [[Governor General's Award#Governor General's Performing Arts Awards|Governor General's Performing Arts Award]], the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Arts, and the Governor General's Flight For Freedom Award for Lifetime Achievement in Literacy. Further, he founded the International Council for Canadian Studies, the Governor General Ramon John Hnatyshyn Education Fund, the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Law, and the [[Governor General's International Award for Canadian Studies]].<ref name=GGHnat/> |
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Among numerous other official and ceremonial duties, the Governor General presided over celebrations to mark the 125th anniversary of Confederation<ref name=CBCOB/> and welcomed to Rideau Hall [[Charles, Prince of Wales|the Prince]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]], along with a host of foreign dignitaries such as [[President of Russia]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] and [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] and [[Queen Noor of Jordan]]. Further, Hnatyshyn undertook a number of [[List of state and official visits by Canada|state visits]], including one to [[Ukraine]],<ref name=GGHnat/> before his time serving [[at Her Majesty's pleasure]] ended on February 6, 1995. |
Among numerous other official and ceremonial duties, the Governor General presided over celebrations to mark the 125th anniversary of Confederation<ref name=CBCOB/> and welcomed to Rideau Hall [[Charles, Prince of Wales|the Prince]] and [[Diana, Princess of Wales|Princess of Wales]], along with a host of foreign dignitaries such as [[President of Russia]] [[Boris Yeltsin]] and [[Hussein of Jordan|King Hussein]] and [[Queen Noor of Jordan]]. Further, Hnatyshyn undertook a number of [[List of state and official visits by Canada|state visits]], including one to [[Ukraine]],<ref name=GGHnat/> before his time serving [[at Her Majesty's pleasure]] ended on February 6, 1995. |
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Throughout his tenure as the Canadian viceroy, Hnatyshyn was both defended and criticised by the [[Monarchist League of Canada]]. In their final summary of Hnatyshyn's years in office, though, the former governor general was generally viewed to have not stood up for the Canadian Crown that he represented, choosing to follow, instead of [[Vincent Massey]]'s example, that of Sauvé, who was herself seen as a republican. This lack of loyalty, it was argued, left Hnatyshyn with few defenders when he was targeted by members of the [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform Party]] for his salary and taxes.<ref name=hnatysh/> It was thought by John Pepall that Hnatyshyn's name had been selected by Mulroney to put forward to the Queen for appointment as governor general because Hnatyshyn, who had just recently been a member of the Cabinet headed by Mulroney until losing his parliamentary seat in the 1988 election, was someone Mulroney could "hardly feel any deference for", allowing Mulroney to continue to show the "juvenile extreme of the politician's craving for publicity and centre stage" he had while Jeanne Sauvé was governor general.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Pepall| first=John| title=Who is the Governor General?| journal=The Idler| publisher=| location=Toronto| date=1 March 1990| url=http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| accessdate=15 July 2015}}</ref> |
Throughout his tenure as the Canadian viceroy, Hnatyshyn was both defended and criticised by the [[Monarchist League of Canada]]. In their final summary of Hnatyshyn's years in office, though, the former governor general was generally viewed to have not stood up for the Canadian Crown that he represented, choosing to follow, instead of [[Vincent Massey]]'s example, that of Sauvé, who was herself seen as a republican. This lack of loyalty, it was argued, left Hnatyshyn with few defenders when he was targeted by members of the [[Reform Party of Canada|Reform Party]] for his salary and taxes.<ref name=hnatysh/> It was thought by John Pepall that Hnatyshyn's name had been selected by Mulroney to put forward to the Queen for appointment as governor general because Hnatyshyn, who had just recently been a member of the Cabinet headed by Mulroney until losing his parliamentary seat in the 1988 election, was someone Mulroney could "hardly feel any deference for", allowing Mulroney to continue to show the "juvenile extreme of the politician's craving for publicity and centre stage" he had while Jeanne Sauvé was governor general.<ref>{{Cite journal| last=Pepall| first=John| title=Who is the Governor General?| journal=The Idler| publisher=| location=Toronto| date=1 March 1990| url=http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| accessdate=15 July 2015| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706192918/http://www.pepall.ca/archive_article.asp?YEAR=&VRT=330| archivedate=6 July 2011| df=}}</ref> |
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==Post viceregal career and death== |
==Post viceregal career and death== |
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* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''June 4, 1979 – December 18, 2002''': [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] (PC) |
* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''June 4, 1979 – December 18, 2002''': [[Queen's Privy Council for Canada|Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada]] (PC) |
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* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''1988 – December 18, 2002''': [[Queen's Counsel]] for Canada (QC)<ref name=UCC /> |
* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''1988 – December 18, 2002''': [[Queen's Counsel]] for Canada (QC)<ref name=UCC /> |
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* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} '''1989 – December 18, 2002''': [[Law society#Canadian Law Societies|Honorary Life Member of the Law Society of Saskatchewan]]<ref name=HF>{{Citation| url=http://www.rjhf.com/html/founder-e.html| title=Who We Are > Our Founder| publisher=The Hnatyshyn Foundation| accessdate=February 3, 2010}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} '''1989 – December 18, 2002''': [[Law society#Canadian Law Societies|Honorary Life Member of the Law Society of Saskatchewan]]<ref name=HF>{{Citation| url=http://www.rjhf.com/html/founder-e.html| title=Who We Are > Our Founder| publisher=The Hnatyshyn Foundation| accessdate=February 3, 2010| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://archive.is/20130201091500/http://www.rjhf.com/html/founder-e.html| archivedate=February 1, 2013| df=}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''January 10, 1990 – January 29, 1990''': [[Order of Canada|Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC)<ref>{{citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=2623| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| authorlink=Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Order of Canada > Search: Order of Canada Membership List > Ramon John Hnatyshyn, P.C., C.C., C.M.M., C.D., B.A., LL.B., Q.C.| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=September 5, 2010}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''January 10, 1990 – January 29, 1990''': [[Order of Canada|Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC)<ref>{{citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=2623| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| authorlink=Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Order of Canada > Search: Order of Canada Membership List > Ramon John Hnatyshyn, P.C., C.C., C.M.M., C.D., B.A., LL.B., Q.C.| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=September 5, 2010}}</ref> |
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** '''January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995''': [[Order of Canada|Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC) |
** '''January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995''': [[Order of Canada|Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada]] (CC) |
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** '''February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002''': Companion of the Order of Canada (CC) |
** '''February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002''': Companion of the Order of Canada (CC) |
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* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995''': [[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit]] (CMM)<ref>{{Citation| url=http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Order of Military Merit| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995''': [[Order of Military Merit (Canada)|Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit]] (CMM)<ref>{{Citation| url=http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Order of Military Merit| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=March 4, 2009| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930032754/http://gg.ca/honours/nat-ord/omm/index_e.asp| archivedate=September 30, 2007| df=}}</ref> |
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** '''February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002''': Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM) |
** '''February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002''': Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM) |
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* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995''': [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of Justice, Prior, and Chief Officer in Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem]] (KStJ)<ref>{{Citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/gg/rr/ins/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Insignia Worn by the Governor General| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Canada}} '''January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995''': [[Venerable Order of Saint John|Knight of Justice, Prior, and Chief Officer in Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem]] (KStJ)<ref>{{Citation| url=http://archive.gg.ca/gg/rr/ins/index_e.asp| last=Office of the Governor General of Canada| title=Honours > Insignia Worn by the Governor General| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
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====Honorary degrees==== |
====Honorary degrees==== |
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* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} '''May 23, 1990''': [[University of Saskatchewan]], [[Doctor of Laws]] (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=https://www.usask.ca/archives/history/hondegrees.php| title=University of Saskatchewan Archives > University History > Honorary degree recipients| publisher=University of Saskatchewan| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Saskatchewan}} '''May 23, 1990''': [[University of Saskatchewan]], [[Doctor of Laws]] (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=https://www.usask.ca/archives/history/hondegrees.php| title=University of Saskatchewan Archives > University History > Honorary degree recipients| publisher=University of Saskatchewan| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon|Ontario}} '''1991''': [[Queen's University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf| title=HONORARY DEGREES| date=December 15, 2008| publisher=Queen's University| accessdate=March 7, 2009}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Ontario}} '''1991''': [[Queen's University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf| title=HONORARY DEGREES| date=December 15, 2008| publisher=Queen's University| accessdate=March 7, 2009| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090304132120/http://www.queensu.ca/secretariat/HDrecipients.pdf| archivedate=March 4, 2009| df=}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon|Newfoundland and Labrador}} '''October 29, 1994''': [[Memorial University of Newfoundland]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{cite press release| title=Over 500 Degrees to be Conferred| publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland| date=October 20, 1994| url=https://www.mun.ca/marcomm/gazette/1994-95/Oct.20/news/n04-conv| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Newfoundland and Labrador}} '''October 29, 1994''': [[Memorial University of Newfoundland]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{cite press release| title=Over 500 Degrees to be Conferred| publisher=Memorial University of Newfoundland| date=October 20, 1994| url=https://www.mun.ca/marcomm/gazette/1994-95/Oct.20/news/n04-conv| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon|Alberta}} '''1994''': [[University of Alberta]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/honorarydegreeslist.cfm#H| title=University of Alberta Senate > Honorary Degrees > Past Honorary Degree Recipients > H| publisher=University of Alberta| accessdate=April 28, 2009}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|Alberta}} '''1994''': [[University of Alberta]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{Citation| url=http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/honorarydegreeslist.cfm#H| title=University of Alberta Senate > Honorary Degrees > Past Honorary Degree Recipients > H| publisher=University of Alberta| accessdate=April 28, 2009| deadurl=yes| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110527195725/http://www.uofaweb.ualberta.ca/senate/honorarydegreeslist.cfm#H| archivedate=May 27, 2011| df=}}</ref> |
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* {{flagicon|British Columbia}}: [[Thompson Rivers University|British Columbia Open University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /> |
* {{flagicon|British Columbia}}: [[Thompson Rivers University|British Columbia Open University]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /> |
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* {{flagicon|British Columbia}}: [[University of Northern British Columbia]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{cite press release| title=2005 Honorary Degree Recipients Named| publisher=University of Northern British Columbia| date=April 21, 2005| url=http://www.unbc.ca/releases/2005/04_21honorary.html| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
* {{flagicon|British Columbia}}: [[University of Northern British Columbia]], Doctor of Laws (LLD)<ref name=HF /><ref>{{cite press release| title=2005 Honorary Degree Recipients Named| publisher=University of Northern British Columbia| date=April 21, 2005| url=http://www.unbc.ca/releases/2005/04_21honorary.html| accessdate=March 4, 2009}}</ref> |
Revision as of 03:10, 7 December 2017
The Right Honourable Ray Hnatyshyn PC CC CMM CD QC(Can) QC(Sask) FRHSC(hon) | |
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24th Governor General of Canada | |
In office January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995 | |
Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Prime Minister | |
Preceded by | Jeanne Sauvé |
Succeeded by | Roméo LeBlanc |
More... | |
Personal details | |
Born | Ramon John Hnatyshyn March 16, 1934 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada |
Died | December 18, 2002 (aged 68) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
Spouse | Gerda Hnatyshyn |
Alma mater | University of Saskatchewan |
Occupation | Politician, lawyer |
Signature | |
Ramon John Hnatyshyn PC CC CMM CD QC (Can) QC (Sask) FRHSC(hon) (/nəˈtɪʃən/; March 16, 1934 – December 18, 2002), commonly known as Ray Hnatyshyn, was a Canadian statesman who served as Governor General of Canada, the 24th since Canadian Confederation.
Hnatyshyn was born and educated in Saskatchewan and served in the Royal Canadian Air Cadets prior to being elected to the House of Commons in 1974, whereafter he served as a minister of the Crown in two non-successive governments until 1988. He was in 1989 appointed as governor general by Queen Elizabeth II, on the recommendation of Prime Minister of Canada Brian Mulroney, to replace Jeanne Mathilde Sauvé as viceroy, and he occupied the post until succeeded by Roméo LeBlanc in 1995. As the Queen's representative, Hnatyshyn proved to be a populist, reversing some exclusive policies of his predecessor, such as opening up Rideau Hall to ordinary Canadians and tourists alike, and was praised for raising the stature of Ukrainian Canadians.
On June 4, 1979, Hnatyshyn was sworn into the Queen's Privy Council for Canada,[1] giving him the accordant style of The Honourable; however, as a former Governor General of Canada, Hnatyshyn was later entitled to be styled for life with the superior form of The Right Honourable. He subsequently practised law and sat as Chancellor of Carleton University before dying of pancreatitis on December 18, 2002.
Youth and political career
Hnatyshyn, a Ukrainian Canadian, was born in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, to Helen Hnatyshyn and her husband, John, whose political links and friendship with John Diefenbaker, the future prime minister, would provide his son with frequent exposure to high-calibre political debate.[2] Hnatyshyn attended Victoria Public School and Nutana Collegiate Institute, and enrolled in the Royal Canadian Air Cadets, where he was a member of 107 Spitfire Squadron in Saskatoon. After graduation from high school, went on to attend the University of Saskatchewan, earning there in 1954 a Bachelor of Arts and, two years later, a Bachelor of Law. On January 9, 1960, Hnatyshyn married Karen Gerda Nygaard Andreasen, eventually having and raising two sons with her.[3]
Two years after he was called to the bar of Saskatchewan in 1957, Hnatyshyn's family moved to Ottawa upon his father being summoned to the Senate. There, Hnatyshyn worked for his father's law firm while also lecturing at the University of Saskatchewan's College of Law.[2] However, he eventually set these jobs aside in order to run for the Progressive Conservative Party in the 1974 federal election, therein winning a seat representing Saskatoon—Biggar in the House of Commons.[3] When that seat was abolished ahead of the 1979 election, Hnatyshyn followed most of his constituents into Saskatoon West, where he served until his defeat in the election of 1988. During this time, he was appointed first, on April 2, 1979, to the Cabinet chaired by Joe Clark (as Minister of Energy, Mines, and Resources), and then to that headed by Brian Mulroney (as Minister of Justice) on June 30, 1986, the same year he was called to the bar of Ontario.
Governor General of Canada
It was on December 14, 1989, that Queen Elizabeth II had, by commission under the royal sign-manual and Great Seal of Canada, appointed Prime Minister Brian Mulroney's choice of Hnatyshyn to succeed Jeanne Sauvé as the Queen's representative. He was subsequently sworn-in during a ceremony in the Senate chamber on January 29, 1990.[citation needed]
Hnatyshyn thereafter made an effort to open up Rideau Hall—the monarch's and governor general's residence in Ottawa[4][5][6][7][8][9][10]—to the public, establishing a visitors' centre and initiating guided tours of the palace and the royal park in which it sits. These moves marked a complete reversal of the policies of Hnatyshyn's predecessor, who had closed Rideau Hall to the general public. In 1991, Hnatyshyn staged on the grounds the first of the annual Governor General's Summer Concert Series and, the year after, mounted His Excellency's Most Excellent Rock Concert and re-opened the skating rink to the public. These events blended with some of Hnatyshyn's self-imposed mandates during his viceregal tenure, which included a desire to engage Canadian youth and focus attention on education and to encourage the arts. In these veins, he established in 1992 the Governor General's Performing Arts Award, the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Arts, and the Governor General's Flight For Freedom Award for Lifetime Achievement in Literacy. Further, he founded the International Council for Canadian Studies, the Governor General Ramon John Hnatyshyn Education Fund, the Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Law, and the Governor General's International Award for Canadian Studies.[3]
Among numerous other official and ceremonial duties, the Governor General presided over celebrations to mark the 125th anniversary of Confederation[2] and welcomed to Rideau Hall the Prince and Princess of Wales, along with a host of foreign dignitaries such as President of Russia Boris Yeltsin and King Hussein and Queen Noor of Jordan. Further, Hnatyshyn undertook a number of state visits, including one to Ukraine,[3] before his time serving at Her Majesty's pleasure ended on February 6, 1995.
Throughout his tenure as the Canadian viceroy, Hnatyshyn was both defended and criticised by the Monarchist League of Canada. In their final summary of Hnatyshyn's years in office, though, the former governor general was generally viewed to have not stood up for the Canadian Crown that he represented, choosing to follow, instead of Vincent Massey's example, that of Sauvé, who was herself seen as a republican. This lack of loyalty, it was argued, left Hnatyshyn with few defenders when he was targeted by members of the Reform Party for his salary and taxes.[7] It was thought by John Pepall that Hnatyshyn's name had been selected by Mulroney to put forward to the Queen for appointment as governor general because Hnatyshyn, who had just recently been a member of the Cabinet headed by Mulroney until losing his parliamentary seat in the 1988 election, was someone Mulroney could "hardly feel any deference for", allowing Mulroney to continue to show the "juvenile extreme of the politician's craving for publicity and centre stage" he had while Jeanne Sauvé was governor general.[11]
Post viceregal career and death
After his departure from Government House, Hnatyshyn returned to practicing law at the firm of Gowling, Strathy & Henderson, where he had previously worked between 1989 and 1990. In 2002 he was installed as Chancellor of Carleton University in Ottawa, however, only months later, shortly before Christmas, Hnatyshyn died of pancreatitis. Per tradition, and with the consent of his family, Hnatyshyn lay in state for two days in the Senate chamber, and, though he was Ukrainian Orthodox, he was commemorated in his state funeral in a multi-faith ceremony on December 23, 2002, at Ottawa's Christ Church Cathedral. The service included the funeral rite of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church—officiated by Archbishop Yurij, Bishop of Toronto, and the clergy of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church—and a eulogy from the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's chief correspondent, Peter Mansbridge,[12] and Adrienne Clarkson, by that time the sitting governor general, paid tribute to one of her predecessors via video, as she and her husband were en route to spend Christmas with Canadian troops stationed in the Persian Gulf.[13] Hnatyshyn was then buried at Beechwood Cemetery in Ottawa.[citation needed]
Various memorials followed Hnatyshyn's death: On March 16, 2004, Canada Post unveiled at a ceremony, attended by Hnatyshyn's widow, a $0.49 postage stamp designed by Vancouver graphic artist Susan Mavor, and bearing the formal portrait of Hnatyshyn taken by Canadian Press photographer Paul Chaisson on the day Hnatyshyn became governor general, along with a tone-on-tone rendering of part of Hnatyshyn's coat of arms. Two years later, a 48-minute documentary DVD examining the life of Hnatyshyn, A Man for all Canadians was released in Canada by IKOR Film.[14]
Titles, styles, honours, and arms
Titles
Viceregal styles of Ramon J. Hnatyshyn (1990–1995) | |
---|---|
Reference style | His Excellency the Right Honourable Son Excellence le très honorable |
Spoken style | Your Excellency Votre Excellence |
- March 16, 1934 – June 4, 1979: Mister Ramon Hnatyshyn
- June 4, 1979 – January 29, 1990: The Honourable Ramon Hnatyshyn
- January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: His Excellency the Right Honourable Ramon Hnatyshyn, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief in and over Canada
- February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002: The Right Honourable Ramon Hnatyshyn
Honours
Ribbon bars of Ray Hnatyshyn | |||
---|---|---|---|
- Appointments
- 1973 – December 18, 2002: Queen's Counsel for Saskatchewan (QC)[15]
- September 30, 1974 – October 1, 1988: Member of Parliament (MP)
- June 4, 1979 – December 18, 2002: Member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada (PC)
- 1988 – December 18, 2002: Queen's Counsel for Canada (QC)[15]
- 1989 – December 18, 2002: Honorary Life Member of the Law Society of Saskatchewan[16]
- January 10, 1990 – January 29, 1990: Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)[17]
- January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Chancellor and Principal Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)
- February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002: Companion of the Order of Canada (CC)
- January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Chancellor and Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM)[18]
- February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002: Commander of the Order of Military Merit (CMM)
- January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Knight of Justice, Prior, and Chief Officer in Canada of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (KStJ)[19]
- February 8, 1995 – December 18, 2002: Knight of Justice of the Most Venerable Order of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (KStJ)
- January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Chief Scout of Canada
- 1990 – December 18, 2002: Honorary Member of the Royal Military College of Canada Club
- 1993 – December 18, 2002: Honorary Fellow of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada (FRHSC)
- : Honorary Life Member of the Law Society of Upper Canada[16]
- Medals
- January 29, 1990: Canadian Forces Decoration (CD)
- 1992: Commemorative Medal for the 125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada
- 2002: Queen Elizabeth II Golden Jubilee Medal
- Foreign honours
- 1989: Ukrainian World Congress St. Volodymyr Medal[3]
- 1996: Hebrew University Mount Scopus Award[3]
Honorary military appointments
- January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Colonel of the Governor General's Horse Guards
- January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Colonel of the Governor General's Foot Guards
- January 29, 1990 – February 8, 1995: Colonel of the Canadian Grenadier Guards
Honorary degrees
- May 23, 1990: University of Saskatchewan, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16][20]
- 1991: Queen's University, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16][21]
- October 29, 1994: Memorial University of Newfoundland, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16][22]
- 1994: University of Alberta, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16][23]
- : British Columbia Open University, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16]
- : University of Northern British Columbia, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16][24]
- : University of Victoria, Doctor of Canon Law (JCD)[16]
- : Royal Military College of Canada, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16]
- : Royal Roads Military College, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16]
- : University of Manitoba, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16]
- : Carleton University, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16]
- : Law Society of Upper Canada at Osgoode Hall, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16]
- : University of Ottawa, Doctor of the University (DUniv)[16]
- : Bishop's University, Doctor of Civil Law (DCL)[16]
- : McGill University, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[16]
- : Yonsei University, Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil)[15][16]
- : Chernivtsi University, Doctor of Laws (LLD)[15][16]
Monuments
- Saskatchewan: Statue, Saskatoon
Honorific eponyms
- Awards
- Canada: Ramon John Hnatyshyn Cup
- Canada: Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Law[16]
- Canada: Ramon John Hnatyshyn Award for Voluntarism in the Arts
- Organisations
Arms
The deer is the same, in form, as that on the coat of arms of Saskatchewan, and the badge on its medallion is that of the House of Commons, where Hnatyshyn sat as a Member of Parliament. The bull is a symbol of Bukovina, where Hnatyshyn's parents were born, and from its collar hangs an emblem that links Saskatchewan's official flower—the prairie lily—with the trident of the Ukrainian coat of arms—a symbol of the Ukrainian people for more than 1,000 years.[25] |
References
- ^ Privy Council Office (October 30, 2008), Information Resources > Current Chronological List of Members of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada > 1971-1980, Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved March 2, 2009
- ^ a b c Bowman, John, Indepth Backgrounder: Ramon John Hnatyshyn, CBC, retrieved March 5, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f Office of the Governor General of Canada, Role and Responsibilities > Former Governors General > The Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn, Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved February 4, 2010[permanent dead link]
- ^ Galbraith, William (1989), "Fiftieth Anniversary of the 1939 Royal Visit", Canadian Parliamentary Review, 12 (3), Ottawa: Commonwealth Parliamentary Association, retrieved February 20, 2009[permanent dead link]
- ^ Aimers, John (April 1996), "The Palace on the Rideau", Monarchy Canada (Spring 1996), Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada, archived from the original on 2009-01-31, retrieved February 20, 2009
- ^ Lanctot, Gustave (1964), Royal Tour of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth in Canada and the United States of America 1939, Toronto: E.P. Taylor Foundation, ASIN B0006EB752
- ^ a b Toffoli, Gary (April 1995), "The Hnatyshyn Years", Monarchy Canada (Spring 1995), Toronto: Monarchist League of Canada, archived from the original on 2009-06-18, retrieved February 20, 2009
- ^ MacLeod, Kevin S. (2008), A Crown of Maples (PDF) (1 ed.), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 34, ISBN 978-0-662-46012-1
- ^ MacLeod 2008, p. XIV
- ^ Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Gary (2002), Fifty Years the Queen, Toronto: Dundurn Press, pp. 10, 27, ISBN 1-55002-360-8
- ^ Pepall, John (1 March 1990). "Who is the Governor General?". The Idler. Toronto. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ "Special coverage of the state funeral for former governor general Ray Hnatyshyn (Adrienne Clarkson segment)". CBC News. Season 2002-2003. December 23, 2002, 1 pm. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
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(help) - ^ A Man for all Canadians, Rogers Media, retrieved February 5, 2010
- ^ a b c d Programs > Nation Builders > 2004 > Awards Recipients for 2004 > The Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn, P.C., C.C., C.M.M., C.D., Q.C., Ukrainian Canadian Congress, retrieved March 4, 2009
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Who We Are > Our Founder, The Hnatyshyn Foundation, archived from the original on February 1, 2013, retrieved February 3, 2010
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: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > Order of Canada > Search: Order of Canada Membership List > Ramon John Hnatyshyn, P.C., C.C., C.M.M., C.D., B.A., LL.B., Q.C., Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved September 5, 2010
- ^ Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > Order of Military Merit, Queen's Printer for Canada, archived from the original on September 30, 2007, retrieved March 4, 2009
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ Office of the Governor General of Canada, Honours > Insignia Worn by the Governor General, Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved March 4, 2009
- ^ University of Saskatchewan Archives > University History > Honorary degree recipients, University of Saskatchewan, retrieved March 4, 2009
- ^ HONORARY DEGREES (PDF), Queen's University, December 15, 2008, archived from the original (PDF) on March 4, 2009, retrieved March 7, 2009
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "Over 500 Degrees to be Conferred" (Press release). Memorial University of Newfoundland. October 20, 1994. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
- ^ University of Alberta Senate > Honorary Degrees > Past Honorary Degree Recipients > H, University of Alberta, archived from the original on May 27, 2011, retrieved April 28, 2009
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help) - ^ "2005 Honorary Degree Recipients Named" (Press release). University of Northern British Columbia. April 21, 2005. Retrieved March 4, 2009.
- ^ Office of the Governor General of Canada, Heraldry > Emblems of Canada and of Government House > Symbols of Past Governors General > Symbolism of the Armorial Bearings of the Right Honourable Ramon John Hnatyshyn, Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved March 4, 2009