Aphanamixis polystachya: Difference between revisions

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{{italic title}}
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{{taxobox
{{taxobox
|name = Aphanamixis polystachya
|name = Pithraj tree
|image = Aphanamixis polystachya.JPG
|image = Aphanamixis polystachya.JPG
|image_caption = Fruits of ''Aphanamixis polystachya''
|image_caption = Fruits of ''Aphanamixis polystachya''
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|binomial = ''Aphanamixis polystachya''
|binomial = ''Aphanamixis polystachya''
|binomial_authority = ([[Wall.]]) [[R.N. Parker]]
|binomial_authority = ([[Wall.]]) [[R.N. Parker]]
|synonyms = *''Aglaia aphanamixis'' <small>Pellegr. [Illegitimate] </small>
⚫
|}}
*''Aglaia beddomei '' <small>(Kosterm.) S.S.Jain & R.C.Gaur </small>
*''Aglaia cochinchinensis '' <small>(Pierre) Pellegr. </small>
*''Aglaia janowskyi '' <small>Harms </small>
*''Aglaia polystachya '' <small>Wall. </small>
*''Amoora amboinensis '' <small>Miq. </small>
*''Amoora beddomei '' <small>Kosterm. </small>
*''Amoora grandifolia '' <small>Walp. </small>
*''Aphanamixis agusanensis'' <small> Elmer [Invalid] </small>
*''Aphanamixis amboinensis'' <small> (Miq.) Harms </small>
*''Aphanamixis apoensis '' <small>Elmer [Invalid] </small>
*''Aphanamixis blumei '' <small>Span. [Invalid] </small>
*''Aphanamixis cochinchinensis '' <small>Pierre </small>
*''Aphanamixis coriacea'' <small> Merr. </small>
*''Aphanamixis cumingiana '' <small>(C.DC.) Harms </small>
*''Aphanamixis davaoensis'' <small> Elmer [Invalid] </small>
*''Aphanamixis elmeri'' <small> (Merr.) Merr. </small>
*''Aphanamixis grandiflora'' <small> Blume </small>
*''Aphanamixis grandifolia '' <small>Blume </small>
*''Aphanamixis lauterbachii '' <small>Harms </small>
*''Aphanamixis macrocalyx'' <small> Harms </small>
*''Aphanamixis myrmecophila'' <small> (Warb.) Harms </small>
*''Aphanamixis obliquifolia '' <small>Elmer [Invalid] </small>
*''Aphanamixis perrottetiana'' <small> A.Juss. </small>
*''Aphanamixis pinatubensis'' <small> Elmer </small>
*''Aphanamixis polillensis '' <small>(C.B.Rob.) Merr. </small>
*''Aphanamixis rohituka '' <small>(Roxb.) Pierre </small>
*''Aphanamixis schlechteri'' <small> Harms </small>
*''Aphanamixis sinensis '' <small>F.C.How & T.C.Chen </small>
*''Aphanamixis timorensis '' <small>A.Juss. </small>
*''Aphanamixis tripetala '' <small>(Blanco) Merr. </small>
*''Aphanamixis velutina '' <small>Elmer [Invalid] </small>
*''Canarium vrieseo-teysmannii'' <small> H.J.Lam </small>
*''Chuniodendron spicatum '' <small>Hu </small>
*''Chuniodendron yunnanense'' <small> Hu </small>
*''Dysoxylum spiciflorum'' <small> Zipp. ex Miq. [Invalid]</small>
*''Trichilia tripetala '' <small>Blanco </small><ref>http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2643324</ref>
⚫
}}


The '''Pithraj tree''', ('''''Aphanamixis polystachya'''''), is a species of tree in the family [[Meliaceae]]. It is native to [[India]], [[Pakistan]], [[Nepal]], [[Bhutan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Myanmar]] and [[Sri Lanka]].<ref>http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/7585</ref> It is a widely used as a medicinal plant in Ayurveda.<ref>http://www.tknsiddha.com/medicinal-uses-of-Aphanamixis-Polystachya.html</ref>
'''''Aphanamixis polystachya''''', the '''Pithraj tree''', is a species of tree in the family [[Meliaceae]].


==Description==
==Description==
Bengali name of this tree is '''''royna''''' (রয়না). Another name of this tree is '''''pithraj''''' (পিথরাজ). Oil is not edible and can be used as biodiesel and lighting. The very fine wood is used for construction and ship-making.{{cn|date=December 2014}}
Bengali name of this tree is '''''royna''''' (রয়না). Another name of this tree is '''''pithraj''''' (পিথরাজ). Oil is not edible and can be used as biodiesel and lighting. The very fine wood is used for construction and ship-making.{{cn|date=December 2014}} The tree is 20m tall. Leaves are compound, imparipinnate, alternate; oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate; base asymmetric; with entire margin. Flowers are polygamours and show panicles inflorescence. Fruit is a single seeded pale-reddish subglobose capsule. <ref>http://www.biotik.org/india/species/a/aphapoly/aphapoly_en.html</ref>

==Common Names<ref>http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Pithraj%20Tree.html</ref>==
*English - Rohituka tree
*Hindi - Harin-hara (हरिनहर्रा), Harinkhana
*Manipuri - হৈৰাঙখোঈ Heirangkhoi
*Marathi - Raktharohida (रक्‍तरोहिडा')
*Tamil - malampuluvan, sem, semmaram
*Malayalam - Chemmaram, sem
*Manipuri - Heirangkhoi (হৈৰাঙখোঈ)
*Telugu - Chevamanu, Rohitaka
*Kannada - mukhyamuttage, mullumuttaga, mulluhitthalu, roheethaka
*Bengali - Tiktaraj
*Kuki - Sahala
*Khasi - Dieng rata
*Rongmei - Agan
*Assamese - hakhori bakhori
*Sanskrit - anavallabha, ksharayogya, lakshmi, lakshmivana, lohita
*Sinhala - Higul <ref>http://www.srilankaview.com/floraSL.htm</ref>

==Chemistry==
Fruit shell contains [[triterpene]]s, [[aphanamixin]]. Bark contains [[tetranortriterpene]], and [[aphanamixinin]]. Leaves contain [[diterpene]], alcohol, [[aphanamixol]] and ß-[[sitosterol]]. Seeds yield a [[limonoid]], [[rohitukin]], [[polystachin]] and others, an alkaloid, a [[glycoside]] and a [[saponin]]. A [[chromone]] and three [[flavonoid]] glycosides have been reported from the roots.<ref>http://www.mpbd.info/plants/aphanamixis-polystachya.php</ref>


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. retrieved 30 April 2007.[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/33616/all Aphanamixis polystachya.]
* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. In: IUCN 2006. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. retrieved 30 April 2007.[http://www.iucnredlist.org/search/details.php/33616/all Aphanamixis polystachya.]
*TALUKDER F. A. ; HOWSE P. E. ; (1995) [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3378594 Evaluation of Aphanamixis polystachya as a source of repellents, antifeedants, toxicants and protectants in storage against Tribolium castaneum] (Herbst), Univ. Southampton, dep. biology, Southampton SO16 7PX, ROYAUME-UNI, Journal of Stored Products Research (J. Stored Prod. Res.) ISSN 0022-474X CODEN JSTPAR, 1995, vol. 31, no1, pp.&nbsp;55–61 (20 ref.) Elsevier Science, Oxford, ROYAUME-UNI (1965) (Revue)
*TALUKDER F. A. ; HOWSE P. E. ; (1995) [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=3378594 Evaluation of Aphanamixis polystachya as a source of repellents, antifeedants, toxicants and protectants in storage against Tribolium castaneum] (Herbst), Univ. Southampton, dep. biology, Southampton SO16 7PX, ROYAUME-UNI, Journal of Stored Products Research (J. Stored Prod. Res.) ISSN 0022-474X CODEN JSTPAR, 1995, vol. 31, no1, pp.&nbsp;55–61 (20 ref.) Elsevier Science, Oxford, ROYAUME-UNI (1965) (Revue)
*[http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24256462 Limonoids from ''Aphanamixis polystachya'' and Their Antifeedant Activity]
*[http://bru.gmprc.ksu.edu/proj/iwcspp/pdf2/6/848.pdf Efficacy of pithraj (''Aphanamixis polystachya'') seed extracts]
*[http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?pr13018 Phytochemical Screening and In vitro Evaluation of Pharmacological Activities of ''Aphanamixis polystachya'' (Wall) Parker Fruit Extracts]
*[http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jbs.2013.393.399 Phytochemical Analysis and Bioactivities of ''Aphanamixis polystachya'' (Wall.) R. Parker Leaves from Bangladesh]
*[http://ijddr.in/drug-development/free-radical-scavenging-dpph-and-ferric-reducing-ability-frap-of-aphanamixis-polystachya-wall-parker.pdf Free Radical Scavenging (DPPH) and Ferric Reducing Ability (FRAP) of ''Aphanamixis polystachya'' (Wall) Parker]


[[Category:Poisonous plants]]
[[Category:Poisonous plants]]

Revision as of 14:35, 12 July 2015

Pithraj tree
Fruits of Aphanamixis polystachya
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Plantae
(unranked):
Angiosperms
(unranked):
Eudicots
(unranked):
Rosids
Order:
Sapindales
Family:
Meliaceae
Genus:
Aphanamixis
Species:
A. polystachya
Binomial name
Aphanamixis polystachya
Synonyms
  • Aglaia aphanamixis Pellegr. [Illegitimate]
  • Aglaia beddomei (Kosterm.) S.S.Jain & R.C.Gaur
  • Aglaia cochinchinensis (Pierre) Pellegr.
  • Aglaia janowskyi Harms
  • Aglaia polystachya Wall.
  • Amoora amboinensis Miq.
  • Amoora beddomei Kosterm.
  • Amoora grandifolia Walp.
  • Aphanamixis agusanensis Elmer [Invalid]
  • Aphanamixis amboinensis (Miq.) Harms
  • Aphanamixis apoensis Elmer [Invalid]
  • Aphanamixis blumei Span. [Invalid]
  • Aphanamixis cochinchinensis Pierre
  • Aphanamixis coriacea Merr.
  • Aphanamixis cumingiana (C.DC.) Harms
  • Aphanamixis davaoensis Elmer [Invalid]
  • Aphanamixis elmeri (Merr.) Merr.
  • Aphanamixis grandiflora Blume
  • Aphanamixis grandifolia Blume
  • Aphanamixis lauterbachii Harms
  • Aphanamixis macrocalyx Harms
  • Aphanamixis myrmecophila (Warb.) Harms
  • Aphanamixis obliquifolia Elmer [Invalid]
  • Aphanamixis perrottetiana A.Juss.
  • Aphanamixis pinatubensis Elmer
  • Aphanamixis polillensis (C.B.Rob.) Merr.
  • Aphanamixis rohituka (Roxb.) Pierre
  • Aphanamixis schlechteri Harms
  • Aphanamixis sinensis F.C.How & T.C.Chen
  • Aphanamixis timorensis A.Juss.
  • Aphanamixis tripetala (Blanco) Merr.
  • Aphanamixis velutina Elmer [Invalid]
  • Canarium vrieseo-teysmannii H.J.Lam
  • Chuniodendron spicatum Hu
  • Chuniodendron yunnanense Hu
  • Dysoxylum spiciflorum Zipp. ex Miq. [Invalid]
  • Trichilia tripetala Blanco [1]

The Pithraj tree, (Aphanamixis polystachya), is a species of tree in the family Meliaceae. It is native to India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka.[2] It is a widely used as a medicinal plant in Ayurveda.[3]

Description

Bengali name of this tree is royna (রয়না). Another name of this tree is pithraj (পিথরাজ). Oil is not edible and can be used as biodiesel and lighting. The very fine wood is used for construction and ship-making.[citation needed] The tree is 20m tall. Leaves are compound, imparipinnate, alternate; oblong-lanceolate, apex acuminate; base asymmetric; with entire margin. Flowers are polygamours and show panicles inflorescence. Fruit is a single seeded pale-reddish subglobose capsule. [4]

Common Names[5]

  • English - Rohituka tree
  • Hindi - Harin-hara (हरिनहर्रा), Harinkhana
  • Manipuri - হৈৰাঙখোঈ Heirangkhoi
  • Marathi - Raktharohida (रक्‍तरोहिडा')
  • Tamil - malampuluvan, sem, semmaram
  • Malayalam - Chemmaram, sem
  • Manipuri - Heirangkhoi (হৈৰাঙখোঈ)
  • Telugu - Chevamanu, Rohitaka
  • Kannada - mukhyamuttage, mullumuttaga, mulluhitthalu, roheethaka
  • Bengali - Tiktaraj
  • Kuki - Sahala
  • Khasi - Dieng rata
  • Rongmei - Agan
  • Assamese - hakhori bakhori
  • Sanskrit - anavallabha, ksharayogya, lakshmi, lakshmivana, lohita
  • Sinhala - Higul [6]

Chemistry

Fruit shell contains triterpenes, aphanamixin. Bark contains tetranortriterpene, and aphanamixinin. Leaves contain diterpene, alcohol, aphanamixol and ß-sitosterol. Seeds yield a limonoid, rohitukin, polystachin and others, an alkaloid, a glycoside and a saponin. A chromone and three flavonoid glycosides have been reported from the roots.[7]

References

  1. ^ http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2643324
  2. ^ http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/7585
  3. ^ http://www.tknsiddha.com/medicinal-uses-of-Aphanamixis-Polystachya.html
  4. ^ http://www.biotik.org/india/species/a/aphapoly/aphapoly_en.html
  5. ^ http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Pithraj%20Tree.html
  6. ^ http://www.srilankaview.com/floraSL.htm
  7. ^ http://www.mpbd.info/plants/aphanamixis-polystachya.php


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