Rehoboam: Difference between revisions
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==Biblical narrative== |
==Biblical narrative== |
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[[Chronology of the Bible|Conventional Bible chronology]] dates the start of Rehoboam's reign to the mid 10th century BCE. His reign is described in {{bibleverse|1|Kings|12| |
[[Chronology of the Bible|Conventional Bible chronology]] dates the start of Rehoboam's reign to the mid 10th century BCE. His reign is described in {{bibleverse|1|Kings|12|HE}} and {{bibleverse-nb|1|Kings|14:21-31|HE}} and in {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|10-12|HE}} |
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===Early reign=== |
===Early reign=== |
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According to the [[Hebrew Bible]], Rehoboam was 41 years old when he ascended the throne |
According to the [[Hebrew Bible]], Rehoboam was 41 years old when he ascended the throne.<ref name=bibref1421 /> |
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===Rebellion=== |
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The people, led by [[Jeroboam]], feared that Rehoboam would continue to tax them heavily - as had his father Solomon. Jeroboam and the people promised their loyalty in return for lesser burdens. The older men counseled Rehoboam at least to speak to the people in a civil manner (it is not clear whether they counseled him to accept the demands). However, the new king sought the advice from the people he had grown up with, who advised the king to show no weakness to the people, and to tax them even more, which Rehoboam did. He proclaimed to the people, |
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:"Whereas my father laid upon you a heavy yoke, so shall I add tenfold thereto. Whereas my father chastised (tortured) you with whips, so shall I chastise you with scorpions. For my littlest finger is thicker than my father's loins; and your backs, which bent like reeds at my father's touch, shall break like straws at my own touch." |
:"Whereas my father laid upon you a heavy yoke, so shall I add tenfold thereto. Whereas my father chastised (tortured) you with whips, so shall I chastise you with scorpions. For my littlest finger is thicker than my father's loins; and your backs, which bent like reeds at my father's touch, shall break like straws at my own touch." |
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Jeroboam and the people angrily rebelled |
Jeroboam and the people angrily rebelled, with the [[Ten Lost Tribes|ten northern tribes]] breaking away and forming a separate kingdom. New breakaway kingdom continued to be called [[Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)|Kingdom of Israel]], and was also known as [[Samaria]], or [[Ephraim]] or the northern Kingdom.<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Kings|12:1-19|HE}}</ref> The realm Rehoboam was left with was called [[Kingdom of Judah]].{{bibleverse|1|Kings|12:19-20|HE}} |
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===Civil war=== |
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Rehoboam organized |
Rehoboam organized went to war against the new Kingdom of Israel with a force of 180,000 soldiers.{{bibleverse|1|Kings|12:21|HE}} However, he was advised against fighting his brethren, and so returned to Jerusalem.{{bibleverse|1|Kings|12:22-24|HE}} He built elaborate defenses and strongholds, along with fortified cities. The text reports that Israel and Judah were in a state of war throughout his 17 year reign. |
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===Shishak=== |
===Shishak=== |
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[[Image:Bubastis portal at Karnak.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Shishaq Relief]] showing [[cartouche]]s of [[Sheshonq I]] mentioning the invasion from the Egyptian perspective.]] |
[[Image:Bubastis portal at Karnak.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Shishaq Relief]] showing [[cartouche]]s of [[Sheshonq I]] mentioning the invasion from the Egyptian perspective.]] |
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In the |
In the 5th year of Rehoboam's reign [[Shishaq]], king of Egypt, brought a huge army and took many cities. When they laid siege to Jerusalem, Rehoboam gave them all of the treasures out of the temple as a tribute. Judah became a vassal state of Egypt. The account of this invasion from the Egyptian perspective can be found in the [[Shishaq Relief]] at the [[Bubastis Portal]] near the [[Temple of Amun]] at [[Karnak]]. |
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=== Succession === |
=== Succession === |
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Rehoboam had 18 wives, including [[Maacah]], daughter of [[Absalom]], [[David]]'s son, and 60 [[concubine]]s. They bore him 88 children. |
Rehoboam had 18 wives, including [[Maacah]], daughter of [[Absalom]], [[David]]'s son, and 60 [[concubine]]s. They bore him 88 children. |
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When he died he was buried beside his ancestors in Jerusalem. He was succeeded by his son [[Abijam|Abijah]]. |
Rehoboam reigned for 17 years.<ref name=bibref1421 /> When he died he was buried beside his ancestors in Jerusalem. He was succeeded by his son [[Abijam|Abijah]]. |
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==Dating== |
==Dating== |
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[[Image:The divided kingdom.jpg|right|thumb| |
[[Image:The divided kingdom.jpg|right|thumb|200px|The United Kingdom of Solomon breaks up, with Jeroboam ruling over the Northern Kingdom of Israel (in green on the map).]] |
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{{main|Edwin R. Thiele}} |
{{main|Edwin R. Thiele}} |
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Revision as of 22:42, 14 January 2011
| Rehoboam - Hebrew: Rehav’am ben Shlomoh | |
|---|---|
| King of Judah - Hebrew: Melekh Yehudah - רחבעם בן-שלמה מלך יהוד | |
 Rehoboam. Fragment of the wall painting in the Great Council Chamber of Basel Town Hall. Painting on plaster, 28 × 41.5 cm, Kunstmuseum Basel. | |
| Reign | c. 922 - 915 BCE or c. 932 BCE others 914 BCE |
| Predecessor | Solomon, his father |
| Successor | Abijam, his son |
| Issue | 88 children |
| House | House of David |
| Father | Solomon |
| Mother | Naamah the Ammonite |
According to the Hebrew Bible, Rehoboam (Hebrew: רְחַבְעָם, Rehav’am, meaning "he who enlarges the people"; Greek: Ροβοαμ; Latin: Roboam) was initially king of the United Monarchy of Israel but after the ten northern tribes of Israel rebelled in 932/931 BCE to form the independent Kingdom of Israel he was king of the Kingdom of Judah, or southern kingdom.
He was a son of Solomon and a grandson of David. His mother was Naamah the Ammonite.[1]
Biblical narrative
Conventional Bible chronology dates the start of Rehoboam's reign to the mid 10th century BCE. His reign is described in 1 Kings 12 and 14:21–31 and in 2 Chronicles 10–12
Early reign
According to the Hebrew Bible, Rehoboam was 41 years old when he ascended the throne.[1]
Rebellion
The people, led by Jeroboam, feared that Rehoboam would continue to tax them heavily - as had his father Solomon. Jeroboam and the people promised their loyalty in return for lesser burdens. The older men counseled Rehoboam at least to speak to the people in a civil manner (it is not clear whether they counseled him to accept the demands). However, the new king sought the advice from the people he had grown up with, who advised the king to show no weakness to the people, and to tax them even more, which Rehoboam did. He proclaimed to the people,
- "Whereas my father laid upon you a heavy yoke, so shall I add tenfold thereto. Whereas my father chastised (tortured) you with whips, so shall I chastise you with scorpions. For my littlest finger is thicker than my father's loins; and your backs, which bent like reeds at my father's touch, shall break like straws at my own touch."
Jeroboam and the people angrily rebelled, with the ten northern tribes breaking away and forming a separate kingdom. New breakaway kingdom continued to be called Kingdom of Israel, and was also known as Samaria, or Ephraim or the northern Kingdom.[2] The realm Rehoboam was left with was called Kingdom of Judah.1 Kings 12:19–20
Civil war
Rehoboam organized went to war against the new Kingdom of Israel with a force of 180,000 soldiers.1 Kings 12:21 However, he was advised against fighting his brethren, and so returned to Jerusalem.1 Kings 12:22–24 He built elaborate defenses and strongholds, along with fortified cities. The text reports that Israel and Judah were in a state of war throughout his 17 year reign.
Shishak
In the 5th year of Rehoboam's reign Shishaq, king of Egypt, brought a huge army and took many cities. When they laid siege to Jerusalem, Rehoboam gave them all of the treasures out of the temple as a tribute. Judah became a vassal state of Egypt. The account of this invasion from the Egyptian perspective can be found in the Shishaq Relief at the Bubastis Portal near the Temple of Amun at Karnak.
Succession
Rehoboam had 18 wives, including Maacah, daughter of Absalom, David's son, and 60 concubines. They bore him 88 children.
Rehoboam reigned for 17 years.[1] When he died he was buried beside his ancestors in Jerusalem. He was succeeded by his son Abijah.
Dating
Using the information in Kings and Chronicles Edwin Thiele has calculated the date for the division of the kingdom is 931-930 BC. Thiele noticed that for the first seven kings of Israel (ignoring Zimri's inconsequential seven-day reign), the synchronisms to Judean kings fell progressively behind by one year for each king. Thiele saw this as evidence that the northern kingdom was measuring the years by a non-accession system (first partial year of reign was counted as year one), whereas the southern kingdom was using the accession method (it was counted as year zero). Once this was understood, the various reign lengths and cross-synchronisms for these kings was worked out, and the sum of reigns for both kingdoms produced 931/930 BC for the division of the kingdom when working backwards from the Battle of Qarqar in 853 BC.