Kyburg family: Difference between revisions
GrouchoBot (talk | contribs) m robot Modifying: de:Kyburg (Adelsgeschlecht) |
|||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
===Expansion of the Kyburg lands=== |
===Expansion of the Kyburg lands=== |
||
The Kyburg land continued to be part of the possessions of the House of Dillingen until the grandson of Hartmann von Dillingen, Hartmann III († 1180), split the Dillingen lands.<ref name="Genealogy">[http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/hupaldinger_grafen_von_dillingen/kyburg_grafen_von.html Genealogy of the House of Kyburg] {{de icon}} accessed 13 August 2009</ref> Adalbert received the Swabian territories, while Hartmann III von Dillinagen got the Swiss lands and became Hartmann I of Kyburg. The House of Kyburg were [[vassel]]s of the [[Duke of Swabia]], who was of the [[House of Hohenstaufen]] and would become the [[Kingdom of Germany|Kings of Germany]] from 1138-1254. When the House of [[Schloss Lenzburg|Lenzburg]] died out in 1172/73, the Kyburgs together with the Hohenstaufen and [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]] split the Lenzburg possessions between them. The Kyburg family acquired the [[allodial title]] to the [[Vogtei]] of Windegg or Gaster (today 7 municipalities in the [[See-Gaster (Wahlkreis)|See-Gaster Wahlkreis]] of [[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]]) and land around [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]]. Later additional Lenzburg territories, the [[Schänis Abbey]] and[[Beromünster]], were also acquired by the House of Kyburg.<ref name="HDS Kyburg">{{HDS|19520-1-1|von Kyburg}}</ref> |
The Kyburg land continued to be part of the possessions of the House of Dillingen until the grandson of Hartmann von Dillingen, Hartmann III († 1180), split the Dillingen lands.<ref name="Genealogy">[http://www.genealogie-mittelalter.de/hupaldinger_grafen_von_dillingen/kyburg_grafen_von.html Genealogy of the House of Kyburg] {{de icon}} accessed 13 August 2009</ref> Adalbert received the Swabian territories, while Hartmann III von Dillinagen got the Swiss lands and became Hartmann I of Kyburg. The House of Kyburg were [[vassel]]s of the [[Duke of Swabia]], who was of the [[House of Hohenstaufen]] and would become the [[Kingdom of Germany|Kings of Germany]] from 1138-1254. When the House of [[Schloss Lenzburg|Lenzburg]] died out in 1172/73, the Kyburgs together with the Hohenstaufen and [[House of Zähringen|Zähringen]] split the Lenzburg possessions between them. The Kyburg family acquired the [[allodial title]] to the [[Vogtei]] of Windegg or Gaster (today 7 municipalities in the [[See-Gaster (Wahlkreis)|See-Gaster Wahlkreis]] of [[Canton of St. Gallen|St. Gallen]]) and land around [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]]. Later additional Lenzburg territories, the [[Schänis Abbey]] and [[Beromünster]], were also acquired by the House of Kyburg.<ref name="HDS Kyburg">{{HDS|19520-1-1|von Kyburg}}</ref> |
||
In 1180 the family began to consolidate their power. They founded the cities of [[Diessenhofen]] and [[Winterthur]] to help spread their power. They also appointed many of the Lenzburg, and later Zähringen, [[vassal]]s to be unfree knights or [[Ministerialis]] for the Kyburg family. |
|||
When the Zähringen family died out in 1218, the Kyburgs grabbed another chance to expand. Anna von Zähringen, the sister of the last Duke of Zähringen, [[Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen|Berthold V]], was the wife of Ulrich III von Kyburg (†1227). |
|||
When the Zähringen family died out in 1218, the Kyburgs grabbed another chance to expand. Anna von Zähringen, the sister of the last Duke of Zähringen, [[Berthold V, Duke of Zähringen|Berthold V]], was the wife of Ulrich III von Kyburg (†1227). From the Zähringen line the Kyburgs acquired land west of the [[Rhine]] and in [[Burgundy]] including the cities of [[Fribourg]], [[Thun]] and [[Burgdorf]] as well as estates in the [[canton of Zurich]]. However, the [[House of Hohenstaufen]], the family of the [[Holy Roman Emperor]]s, refused to support the Kyburg claims on the city of [[Zurich]] and in 1226 on the [[Abbey of St. Gall]]. As a result, they turned increasingly away from the Hohenstaufens and in 1243 and were one of the mainstays of the pro-[[Pope]] and anti-Holy Roman Emperor Party. |
|||
Around 1220 they started to make claims on property and rights that had unclear ownership and was near property that they already owned. In 1225 they founded a burial site for the ''Chorherrenstift Heiligberg'' in the center of the property of the former [[Freiherr]] von Weisslingen at Winterthur, and in 1233 founded [[Töss]] Abbey west of Winterthur. Both sites were endowed with property that they had taken from the Weisslingen and Rossberg families. These two properties served to define the borders between the Kyburg and [[Counts_of_Rapperswil#History|Rapperswil]] families.<ref name=HDS/> |
|||
At the same time the Kyburg family attempted to strengthen themselves through marriage. Hartmann V, a grandson of Ulrich III was [[engagement|engaged]] to Anna of Rapperswil in 1227. His uncle, Hartmann IV, called the Elder, married Margaret of [[Savoy]] while his sister Heilwig, the future mother of King [[Rudolf I von Habsburg]], married [[Albert IV, Count of Habsburg|Albert IV of Habsburg]] |
|||
Even though the family continued to found cities and expand, they were declining in power. In 1230 they founded [[Zug]] and [[Baden, Switzerland|Baden]], then [[Frauenfeld]], [[Aarau]], [[Lenzburg]], and [[Mellingen]]. In 1250 they founded [[Sursee]], [[Weesen]] and the fortified towns of [[Kyburg]] and [[Laupen]]. The last two were [[Richensee]] and [[Huttwil]] which they lost shortly thereafter. |
|||
===End of the Kyburg line=== |
|||
In 1250/51 the childless Hartmann IV gave the western part of the property with the center of Burgdorf to his nephew Hartmann V. As a result, Hartmann V, who was supported by the Habsburgs, came into conflict repeatedly with the growing city-state of Bern. His uncle had to step in often to keep the peace. When Hartmann V died in 1263, Count Rudolf von Habsburg became the guardian of Hartmann's daughter Anna, and also took over the administration of the western section. One year later, after the death of Hartman IV, Rudolf stepped in to control the eastern half as well. Though this brought him into conflict with the claims by the widow Margaret of Savoy and her family. |
|||
==Members of the family== |
==Members of the family== |
||
Revision as of 22:28, 14 January 2010
| House of Kyburg | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Parent house | von Dillingen |
| Country | Switzerland |
| Founded | 1180 |
| Founder | Hartmann III von Kyburg |
| Final ruler | Hartmann V von Kyburg |
| Estate(s) | Zürich |
| Dissolution | 1263 |
The House of Kyburg was family of Grafen or counts from Zürich in Switzerland. The family was one of the three most powerful noble family in the Swiss plateau beside the Habsburg and the House of Savoy during the 11th and 12th Centuries. With the extinction of the male line in 1263, Rudolph of Habsburg grabbed the Kyburg lands and added them to the House of Habsburg, which marked the beginning of the Habsburg rise to power.
History
Early history
The first line of counts of Kyburg were influential in local politics during the 1020's but the male line died out in 1078. Kyburg castle, southeast of Winterthur (in the modern canton of Zürich), passed on to the Swabian counts of Dillingen.[1] Through the marriage of Hartmann von Dillingen († 1121) with a certain Adelheid the House of Dillingen acquired the old Kyburg possessions as well as territorial claims in the Thurgau. The exact origin of Adelheid is unclear. She is either the granddaughter of the Count of Grüningen-Winterthur or from a cadet branch of the Winterthur family, the Counts of Nellenburg. She might also be the daughter of Adalbert II von Winterthur, the last knight from Winterthur, who died in 1053 at the Battle of Civitate against the Normans.
Expansion of the Kyburg lands
The Kyburg land continued to be part of the possessions of the House of Dillingen until the grandson of Hartmann von Dillingen, Hartmann III († 1180), split the Dillingen lands.[2] Adalbert received the Swabian territories, while Hartmann III von Dillinagen got the Swiss lands and became Hartmann I of Kyburg. The House of Kyburg were vassels of the Duke of Swabia, who was of the House of Hohenstaufen and would become the Kings of Germany from 1138-1254. When the House of Lenzburg died out in 1172/73, the Kyburgs together with the Hohenstaufen and Zähringen split the Lenzburg possessions between them. The Kyburg family acquired the allodial title to the Vogtei of Windegg or Gaster (today 7 municipalities in the See-Gaster Wahlkreis of St. Gallen) and land around Baden. Later additional Lenzburg territories, the Schänis Abbey and Beromünster, were also acquired by the House of Kyburg.[3]
In 1180 the family began to consolidate their power. They founded the cities of Diessenhofen and Winterthur to help spread their power. They also appointed many of the Lenzburg, and later Zähringen, vassals to be unfree knights or Ministerialis for the Kyburg family.
When the Zähringen family died out in 1218, the Kyburgs grabbed another chance to expand. Anna von Zähringen, the sister of the last Duke of Zähringen, Berthold V, was the wife of Ulrich III von Kyburg (†1227). From the Zähringen line the Kyburgs acquired land west of the Rhine and in Burgundy including the cities of Fribourg, Thun and Burgdorf as well as estates in the canton of Zurich. However, the House of Hohenstaufen, the family of the Holy Roman Emperors, refused to support the Kyburg claims on the city of Zurich and in 1226 on the Abbey of St. Gall. As a result, they turned increasingly away from the Hohenstaufens and in 1243 and were one of the mainstays of the pro-Pope and anti-Holy Roman Emperor Party.
Around 1220 they started to make claims on property and rights that had unclear ownership and was near property that they already owned. In 1225 they founded a burial site for the Chorherrenstift Heiligberg in the center of the property of the former Freiherr von Weisslingen at Winterthur, and in 1233 founded Töss Abbey west of Winterthur. Both sites were endowed with property that they had taken from the Weisslingen and Rossberg families. These two properties served to define the borders between the Kyburg and Rapperswil families.[4]
At the same time the Kyburg family attempted to strengthen themselves through marriage. Hartmann V, a grandson of Ulrich III was engaged to Anna of Rapperswil in 1227. His uncle, Hartmann IV, called the Elder, married Margaret of Savoy while his sister Heilwig, the future mother of King Rudolf I von Habsburg, married Albert IV of Habsburg
Even though the family continued to found cities and expand, they were declining in power. In 1230 they founded Zug and Baden, then Frauenfeld, Aarau, Lenzburg, and Mellingen. In 1250 they founded Sursee, Weesen and the fortified towns of Kyburg and Laupen. The last two were Richensee and Huttwil which they lost shortly thereafter.
End of the Kyburg line
In 1250/51 the childless Hartmann IV gave the western part of the property with the center of Burgdorf to his nephew Hartmann V. As a result, Hartmann V, who was supported by the Habsburgs, came into conflict repeatedly with the growing city-state of Bern. His uncle had to step in often to keep the peace. When Hartmann V died in 1263, Count Rudolf von Habsburg became the guardian of Hartmann's daughter Anna, and also took over the administration of the western section. One year later, after the death of Hartman IV, Rudolf stepped in to control the eastern half as well. Though this brought him into conflict with the claims by the widow Margaret of Savoy and her family.
Members of the family
| HOUSE OF DILLINGEN | HOUSE OF LENZBURG | HOUSE OF ZÄHRINGEN | HOUSE OF HABSBURG | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hartmann I of Dillingen † 1121 | Adelheid of Winterthur | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hartmann II † 1134 | Hartmann III † 1180 | Richinza of Lenzburg | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ulrich of Kyburg † 1227 | Anna of Zähringen | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ulrich, Bishop of Chur Bishop 1233-1237 | Werner † 1228 on Crusade | Hartman IV 1213-1264 | Hedwig of Kyburg | Albert IV, Count of Habsburg † 1239 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hartmann V 1229-1263 | Rudolph of Habsburg 1218–1291 King of the Romans 1273-1291 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anna | Eberhard von Habsburg-Laufenburg 1249-1284 | Habsburg Kings and Holy Roman Emperors | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Counts of Neu-Kyburg or Kyburg-Burgdorf line extinguished 1418 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ^ Encyclopaedia Britannica online accessed 11 August 2009
- ^ a b Genealogy of the House of Kyburg Template:De icon accessed 13 August 2009
- ^ von Kyburg in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.Error in template * invalid parameter (Template:HDS): "1"
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
HDSwas invoked but never defined (see the help page).
External links
- von Kyburg in German, French and Italian in the online Historical Dictionary of Switzerland.